Allergologia et immunopathologia最新文献

{"title":"Genetic variation in the <i>TSLP</i> promoter is associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis comorbidity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.","authors":"Eduardo Egea-Bermejo, Luis Fang, Carlos Octavio Arroyo-Movilla, Alex Domínguez-Vargas, Ana Moreno-Woo, Gloria Garavito De Egea","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i5.1606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i5.1606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a systemic immune-mediated disorder frequently comorbid with autoimmune thyroid disease, particularly Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Emerging evidence implicates shared immunogenetic pathways, yet the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a key epithelial alarmin in this comorbidity remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between <i>TSLP</i> SNPs and the co-occurrence of CSU and HT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 45 patients with CSU alone and 41 with CSU and concomitant HT from a reference center in the Colombian Caribbean. Diagnosis of HT was based on clinical, ultrasonographic, serological (anti-TPO >35 IU/mL), and biochemical criteria. Genotyping of <i>TSLP</i> SNPs rs1837253, rs2289276, and rs17551370 was performed using TaqMan® assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rs17551370 GG genotype was significantly more prevalent in the CSU+HT group (88% vs. 71%; OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.21-12.2; <i>p</i> = 0.02). Conversely, the rs2289276 TT genotype was less frequent in the CSU+HT group (2.4% vs. 18%; OR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.74; <i>p</i> = 0.02), suggesting a protective effect. Carriers of the CCG haplotype (Ht1) exhibited a 2.11-fold increased odds of presenting concomitant HT among patients with CSU (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.11-4.01; <i>p</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>TSLP</i> promoter variants rs17551370 and rs2289276 are significantly associated with CSU-HT comorbidity, supporting a shared pathogenic mechanism driven by dysregulated alarmin signaling and Th2/Th17 inflammation. These findings highlight <i>TSLP</i> as a potential genetic marker and therapeutic target in autoimmune urticaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 5","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive usefulness of blood eosinophilia for hospital length of stay among children with asthma exacerbation.","authors":"Carlos Aarón Lafarga-Díaz, Martín Bedolla-Barajas, Jaime Morales-Romero, Carlos Meza-López, María Enriqueta Nuñez-Nuñez, Ruth Yesica Ramos-Gutiérrez, Beatriz Bayardo-Gutiérrez, Christopher William Herrick-Ramos","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i5.1749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i5.1749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between blood eosinophilia and length of hospital stay has been scarcely analyzed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish the prevalence of eosinophilia in children with asthma exacerbation and to evaluate its association as a predictor of the length of hospital stay in these patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from children aged 2 to 17 years who were hospitalized for asthma exacerbation between January 2019 and December 2024 at teaching hospital. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between blood eosinophilia (≥ 500 cells/µL) and length of hospital stay (≥ 4 days).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 225 children were analyzed; 15.1% had eosinophilia (exposed group), while the remaining 84.9% did not (non-exposed group). In the absence of pneumonia, the eosinophilia group was less likely to experience a prolonged hospital stay (RR = 0.6, P = 0.034). In this same group, eosinophils ≥ 500 cells/µL reduced the likelihood of a hospital stay ≥ 4 days (adjusted OR 0.22, P = 0.005) in the multivariate analysis. Meanwhile, age ≥ 6 years (adjusted OR 4.12, P < 0.001), moderate (adjusted OR 2.54, P = 0.016) and severe (adjusted OR 8.42, P = 0.003) Pulmonary Scores were predictors of prolonged hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Blood eosinophilia ≥ 500 cells/µL is associated with a shorter hospital stay. Additionally, children aged 6 years or older and those with moderate or severe exacerbations have a higher risk of prolonged hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 5","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic cough in children and adolescents: A pragmatic, algorithm-based position paper of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.","authors":"Sara Manti, Amelia Licari, Michele Miraglia Del Giudice, Maria Angela Tosca, Giorgio Ciprandi, Gianluigi Marseglia","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i5.1684","DOIUrl":"10.15586/aei.v54i5.1684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic cough is a common reason for pediatric consultation and may lead to repeated medical visits, caregiver anxiety, inappropriate use of diagnostic tests, and unnecessary treatments. In children and adolescents, chronic cough should be regarded primarily as a symptom of an underlying condition rather than as a standalone diagnosis, requiring age-specific diagnostic pathways. In 2020, the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) published a document on this issue.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a pragmatic, algorithm-based approach for the evaluation and management of chronic cough in children and adolescents, reflecting contemporary evidence and expert consensus; the SIAIP promoted an updated position paper.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary panel of experts reviewed the previous document, taking into account international guidelines and key publications on pediatric chronic cough, and integrated the available evidence with clinical expertise. Consensus discussions focused on red flags and specific cough pointers, the classification of cough as wet or dry, treatable traits, and the role of time-limited therapeutic trials with predefined reassessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed algorithm prioritizes the early identification of red flags that indicate the need for targeted investigations and specialist referral. In children without warning features, cough quality guides subsequent management. Wet cough is addressed primarily through the recognition and appropriate treatment of infective causes, such as protracted bacterial bronchitis. Dry cough is evaluated sequentially for cough-predominant asthma, upper airway cough syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux-related mechanisms, and functional cough. At each step, empirical therapies are limited and require scheduled reassessment, with discontinuation if ineffective. The approach emphasizes the avoidance of prolonged empirical therapy, the rational use of antibiotics, inhaled corticosteroids, alginates, and proton pump inhibitors, and the early reconsideration of the diagnosis when the response is lacking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pragmatic algorithm provides a structured, clinically oriented approach to standardize the evaluation and management of chronic cough in children and adolescents. It is intended to support clinical judgment, reduce unwarranted variation in practice, minimize unnecessary investigations and treatments, and promote the timely identification of conditions requiring specialist care. Prospective validation in real-world settings is warranted to assess its impact on outcomes and healthcare utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 5","pages":"94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral submandibular eosinophilic sialodochitis progressing to chronic obstructive sialadenitis with sialolith: Case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Dalal A ALQahtania, Osama G Alghamdib, Mohammed A Bin-Salahc","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i5.1607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i5.1607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES) is a rare, allergy-associated ductal disease of the major salivary glands characterized by recurrent swelling and eosinophil-rich ductal inflammation. We describe a rare presentation of bilateral submandibular ES progressing to chronic obstructive sialadenitis (COS) with sialolith formation. A 58-year-old woman experienced 2 years of recurrent gland swelling, throat itching, and thick mucus discharge. Imaging showed bilateral ductal ectasia and a 6 mm sialolith. She ultimately underwent bilateral submandibular gland excision. Histology supported a diagnosis of ES complicated by chronic obstruction. Early recognition of ES may help to distinguish it from other causes of recurrent salivary swelling and may help prevent irreversible gland damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 5","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The allergies in Kosova: Characteristics, types, and clinical manifestations.","authors":"Miranda Selmonaj, Bernard Tahirbegolli, Bajram Abdullahu, Mentor Sopjani","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i4.1498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic diseases substantially impair quality of life and represent a growing public health concern worldwide. Despite the increasing clinical burden in Southeastern Europe, epidemiological data from Kosova remain scarce. This study provides the first clinic-based assessment of allergen sensitization patterns, demographic distribution, and clinical manifestations among allergic patients in Kosova.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical and University Center of Kosova from 2018 to 2021. Data were collected through a validated, specialist-administered questionnaire adapted for local use. For children ≤ 10 years, information provided by parents was verified through clinical evaluation and specific IgE testing. Diagnoses were confirmed using in vitro-specific IgE assays for pollen (tree, grass, weed), dust mites, molds, animal dander, and common food allergens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 400 participants, 295 (73.8%) showed confirmed sensitization. The most frequent allergens were pollen (36.6%), dust (25.4%), food (15.6%), mold (11.9%), and domestic animals (9.8%). Younger age (0-14 years) was independently associated with higher odds of sensitization (adjusted OR ≈ 2.1; P < 0.05), while sex differences were significant only within certain age groups. Approximately one-third of patients demonstrated multiple sensitizations with overlapping clinical features. <i>Conclusion</i>: This first epidemiological study of allergies in Kosova reveals sensitization patterns comparable to European data and highlights the need for national guidelines, the development of local pollen calendars, and improved allergy diagnosis and management services. As this was a main, but single-center, clinical-based study, the findings may not fully represent the entire population of Kosova.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 4","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case series of desensitization to pegylated escherichia coli-derived asparaginase: An effective option in response to the need.","authors":"Natalhie Acuña Ortega, Sandra N González Díaz, Cindy E De Lira Quezada, Ana K Chávez Ruiz, Julia E Colunga Pedraza, Danna S Ríos González","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1505","DOIUrl":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Asparaginase is an integral component in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The asparaginase products available in our country are Escherichia Coli (<i>E. Coli)</i>-derived asparaginase (Leunase), pegaspargase (Oncaspar), and, to a lesser extent, <i>Erwinia chrysanthemi-</i>derived asparaginase. Hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) are reported less frequently in those receiving pegaspargase, ranging from 3% to 15%; however, these reactions can limit its use in this population.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present four patients with B-cell ALL who experienced a severe allergic HSR, anaphylaxis, leading us to perform a 12-step desensitization protocol to pegaspargase to ensure that the patients received first-line treatment for their oncologic condition.</p><p><strong>Management and outcomes: </strong>Skin tests were performed, with positive results in two out of four patients. Subsequently, a 12-step desensitization protocol was carried out. Pegaspargase was diluted with 0.9% saline solution in three bags (concentrations 1:100, 1:10, and 1:1). Infusions used four steps per bag titrated every 15 minutes up to a maximum rate of 80 mL/hour for step 12. A successful administration of pegaspargase was achieved, and the patients continued with their ALL treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 4","pages":"128-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient sensitization profile and fish species' tolerance in children with IgE-mediated fish allergy.","authors":"Enza D'Auria, Martina Minutoli, Miriam Acunzo, Erica Pendezza, Lodovico Sterzi, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Giovanna Monti","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1588","DOIUrl":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fish allergy remains a poorly investigated topic despite its potential severity and impact on child well-being. There is a paucity of data on IgE fish allergy in pediatric patients in the Mediterranean region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>52 children with IgE-mediated fish allergy underwent OFCs with different fish species. The adopted OFC protocols were according to PRACTALL Consensus. Nonparametric quantitative variables were compared between two groups using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the data were visualised using box plots. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the significance between dichotomous categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 OFCs were performed over time; 17/52 patients underwent an OFC for at least two different fish species. 52/58 patients (89.6%) successfully overcame OFCs with fish species other than the trigger one, mostly tuna (19/21; 90.5%), salmon (15/17; 88.2%), and swordfish (6/6 100%), respectively. sIgE for tested fish were positive in 41 out of negative OFCs (41/62; 66.1%) and in 5 out of 10 positive OFCs (5/10; 50%), respectively. Fish-sIgE levels were >10 kUA/L(range 12.3-37.5 KU/Lt). sIgE levels between positive and negative OFCs were not significantly different (Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, P = 0.33). Moreover, no significant association between sIgE levels and the OFC outcome (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.18) was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with IgE-mediated fish allergies can safely consume one or more fish species, especially tuna, salmon, and swordfish. Tolerance should be confirmed by an OFC, since the sIgE levels do not predict clinical reactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 4","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance induction for food allergy using immunoglobulin/histamine complex: A case report.","authors":"Hyuk Soon Kim, Geunwoong Noh","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1541","DOIUrl":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food allergy is defined as an immune-mediated adverse reaction to dietary proteins and is a major health problem with an increasing prevalence. Immunoglobulin/histamine complex (IHC) is an anti-allergy therapeutic that acts primarily by reducing histamine levels (histaminopexy). A 5-year-old male Korean patient with a food allergy was transferred for immunotherapy. Open food challenge (OFC) for wheat before treatment revealed positive reactions after challenge with 0.5g of wheat. Under a diagnosis of food allergy for wheat, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, treatment with Histobulin^TM (Green Cross PD, Korea), an IHC preparation, was initiated. After 23 injections, the patient did not exhibit any adverse reaction after the intake of 60 g of wheat in the OFC. Specific IgE levels and skin reactivities for wheat also decreased after IHC therapy. A 40-year-old female Korean patient presented with severe generalized urticaria, severe itching, and even whole body prickling immediately after every intake of shrimp or crab over 10 years; she also had allergic rhinitis. Basic allergy lab and skin prick testing results showed no abnormal findings, but OFC for shrimp and raw crab (both at 0.5 g) produced generalized urticaria, rashes, and itching immediately after intake. Under a diagnosis of chronic urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy to crab and shrimp, IHC therapy was initiated. After 86 injections of Histobulin^TM, the patient did not show any allergy reaction to shrimp or crab after the intake of 10 g of raw shrimp or 10 g of raw crab. IHC treatment successfully induced food allergen tolerance in a nonallergen-specific manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 4","pages":"135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of oral allergy syndrome among school-age children in Mexico: a first nationwide study in Mexico and Latin America.","authors":"Martín Bedolla-Barajas, Ma Gracia Belinda Guerrero-Núñez, Jaime Morales-Romero, Blanca María Morfin-Maciel, Javier Domínguez-Morales, German Agustín Rico-Solís, Daniela Rivero-Yeverino, Alejandro García-Aguirre, Edna Araceli Santos-Valencia, Ileana María Madrigal-Beas, Martín Ramírez-Soto, Sandra Chávez-González","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1622","DOIUrl":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiological knowledge about oral allergy syndrome (OAS) in Latin America is limited. The aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of OAS in Mexican children, identify the most associated foods, describe its main clinical manifestations, and determine the associated factors.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Multicenter cross-sectional study (October 2023-April 2024) with stratified sampling in 8 regions of Mexico. A structured questionnaire was applied and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with OAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4269 children were included (51.7% boys; mean age: 8.7 years). The national prevalence of OAS was 2.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3%-3.3%), with higher frequency in the northwest (6.4%), southeast (3.9%), and southwest (3.6%) regions. In addition to oral manifestations, the most frequently reported manifestations were reddish skin (40.8%), hives (39.2%), skin itching (38.3%), and sneezing (26.7%). The foods most frequently associated with OAS were milk (21.7%), shrimp (10.8%), egg (7.5%), avocado (6.7%), cashew, wheat, and peanut (5.8% each), tomato, and pork (4.2% each). Age 9-12 years (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.63; P = 0.013). Asthma (adjusted OR: 1.88; P < 0.001), atopic dermatitis (adjusted OR: 3.09; P < 0.001), and pollen allergy (adjusted OR: 4.25; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with OAS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of OAS in school-age children is nearly 3%. Multiple foods capable of causing oral manifestations were identified, with dairy, shrimp, and fish among the most important ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 4","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A structured food list for dietary assessment in patients with lipid transfer protein syndrome.","authors":"Antonio Carbonell Martínez, Yaiza Bonilla Pacheco, Cristina Navarro Garrido, Soledad Zamarro Parra, Jaime Torralba Moreno","doi":"10.15586/aei.v54i4.1680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i4.1680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are widely distributed plant defense proteins and represent one of the most frequent causes of plant food allergy in Mediterranean countries. Due to their resistance to heat and enzymatic digestion, foods containing LTPs may induce immediate allergic reactions ranging from mild local symptoms to severe systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Sensitization to peach lipid transfer protein (Pru p 3) is considered the primary sensitizer in Southern Europe and is frequently associated with reactions to multiple plant-derived foods.In clinical practice, one of the main challenges in the management of patients with LTP syndrome is the accurate identification of foods that truly trigger allergic reactions, those that are well tolerated, and those that are unnecessarily avoided due to fear or positive sensitization tests without clinical relevance.The aim of this position paper is to describe the development and clinical use of a structured, patient-completed food list designed to facilitate dietary assessment and clinical history-taking in patients with LTP syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"54 4","pages":"156-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}