Allergologia et immunopathologia最新文献

{"title":"Living at risk: Exploring the psychological effects of childhood food allergy on mothers.","authors":"Elif Küçük, Fatih Çiçek","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Food allergy (FA) is a growing public health concern, imposing significant psychosocial burdens on families and necessitating strict allergen avoidance. The unpredictability of severe reactions is associated with increased anxiety, dietary restrictions, and reduced quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study including 77 mothers of children (0-12 years) with FA and 71 mothers of healthy children. Participants completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS), and European Health Impact Scale (EUROHIS-QOL). Statistical analyses compared anxiety, caregiver burden, and quality of life between groups and explored sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mothers in the FA group had significantly higher state anxiety (STAI-S) (P < 0.001) and ZCBS scores (P < 0.001) compared to controls. However, trait anxiety (STAI-T) did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.508). Additionally, mothers of children with FA reported lower EUROHIS-QOL scores (P = 0.009). Low maternal educational levels (P = 0.005) and middle-range income levels ($500-1000/month, P = 0.027) were significantly associated with higher anxiety and caregiver burden. Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) specifically increased trait anxiety (P = 0.035) and reduced mothers' quality of life (P = 0.003). No significant associations were found between anxiety or caregiver burden and anaphylaxis or other allergenic triggers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Food allergy significantly elevates maternal anxiety and caregiving burden, and reduces quality of life, especially in CMPA cases. Sociodemographic factors exacerbate these effects, highlighting the need for comprehensive, multidimensional interventions. Psychological support and broader public awareness initiatives may help alleviate adverse outcomes and improve caregiver well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on allergen sensitivity of individuals.","authors":"Ferhat Sağun, Fatih Çölkesen, Mehmet Emin Gerek, Seçim Kolak, Emrah Harman, Şevket Arslan","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"191-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of ARHGDIB promotes autophagy and reduces inflammation in LPS-induced alveolar epithelial cells via the PRKACB/NF-κB pathway.","authors":"Haizhen Jin, Shuangxia Dong, Zhihui Li, Dai Xinjian","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical clinical condition with high mortality, necessitating the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Rho Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDP) beta (ARHGDIB) has been shown to exert protective effects against noxious stimuli in various disease models.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we investigated whether ARHGDIB knockdown had a protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in alveolar epithelial cells and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Mouse alveolar epithelial cells that were isolated from the lung of a 5-month-old female mouse (MLE-12) were treated with LPS, followed by ARHGDIB knockdown and overexpression of protein kinase A (PKA)-activated catalytic subunit β (PRKACB). Oxidative stress and apoptosis were assessed, while inflammatory cytokine levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assays. Autophagy and PRKACB/nuclear factor <i>kappa B</i> (NF-κB) pathway activation was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results: LPS upregulated ARHGDIB expression in alveolar epithelial cells. Silencing ARHGDIB significantly reduced oxidative stress inflammation, and promoted autophagy in LPS-treated MLE-12 cells. ARHGDIB knockdown modulated the PRKACB/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby promoting autophagy and alleviating LPS-induced cellular injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This regulatory mechanism significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in alveolar epithelial cells, highlighting the protective role of ARHGDIB silencing in LPS-induced lung injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and age differences in the risk of allergic reactions following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 and AstraZeneca vaccine using skin prick test and intradermal test among patients with high risk for hypersensitivity.","authors":"Leonora Svarça, Sonja Bojadzieva, Premtim Rashiti, Albiona Rashiti-Bytyçi, Diar Kabashi","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the association between allergic reactions after COVID-19 vaccination and the history of high-risk allergy, individual predisposing factors such as age and gender, and COVID-19 vaccine type.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 234 adult patients (18 years old and above) who underwent a COVID-19 vaccine allergy test up until February 2023 in a Clinic of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. All patients suspected of allergy underwent skin testing: SPT (skin prick test) and IDT (intradermal test) using either an mRNA (ribonucleic messenger acid) vaccine (BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech) and/or an adenoviral vector vaccine (AZD1222, AstraZeneca). Subsequent immunization was administered under careful medical observation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 234 patients with a high-risk allergy profile, several potential risk factors were identified, including a history of multiple allergies, previous anaphylaxis, and/or drug allergies. In our cohort, food allergies were reported by 20 patients (8.5%) and multiple drug allergies were reported by 118 patients (50.4%). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, we cannot establish causality. Therefore, older age and receipt of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine were found to be associated with increased allergic reactions after COVID-19 vaccination, while male gender was associated with decreased risk. Although previous allergic manifestations were common among those with reactions, they were not significantly associated with increased risk after adjustment for confounders. The absence of a control group consisting of vaccinated individuals without a high-risk allergy history limits the generalizability of our findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immediate allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines are rare but can be severe and reoccur. Findings suggest that gender and age-specific factors may influence the response to the vaccine. Nevertheless, COVID-19 vaccines remain a critical tool in preventing severe disease and controlling the ongoing pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical appraisal of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on allergen sensitivity of individuals.","authors":"Umar Aziz","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1439","DOIUrl":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This letter offers constructive feedback of the study by Sağun et al. on changing allergen sensitivity in the COVID-19 pandemic. The data presented were very interesting concerning the changing rates of sensitization, but the authors neglected some important areas requiring further consideration. The study does not take into account whether or not enhanced sensitization had translated into more clinical allergic disease, thus putting restrictions on considering actual real-world implications. Lifestyle disruption and COVID-19 infection status have not been directly measured and analyzed as potential confounds. Also, the allergy clinic's patient focus raises concerns about selection bias. Stating these issues may help shape future inquiries in building a more comprehensive picture of how the pandemic has affected allergy risks and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"189-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic characteristics of asthma patients and accompanying comorbidities.","authors":"Ezgi Hacikamiloglu, Selin Dundar, Vildan Eren, Kanuni Keklik, Mehmet Enes Gokler, Mehmet Erdem Alaguney","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence of comorbidities in asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals and to compare groups based on sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data from the 2017 National Household Health Survey (NHHS), which included 6053 individuals aged 15 years and older. The sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, and comorbidities of the study participants were analyzed and Pearson chi-squared tests were used to assess statistical significance, and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 6053 participants, 518 had asthma; 40.4% were male and 59.6% were female, and 73.2% of the asthma patients and 58.3% of the non-asthmatic individuals were females (p < 0.001). Patients with asthma had a higher prevalence of at least one comorbidity compared to non-asthmatic individuals (p < 0.001). Disease-specific analyses in patients with asthma showed higher rates of hypertension (42.9% vs. 23.9%), hyperlipidemia (35.3% vs. 19.4%), diabetes (27.8% vs. 17.7%), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (29.7% vs. 2.6%), cardiovascular diseases (16.0% vs. 6.1%), and obesity (56.1% vs. 36.2%) (p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, asthma was 14.6 times more likely in individuals with COPD, 1.6 times more likely in obese individuals, and 1.7 times more likely in those with hyperlipidemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with asthma have a higher prevalence of specific comorbidities with varying sociodemographic characteristics. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationships between asthma and these comorbidities to improve disease management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"117-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real incidence and management of patients with suspected iodinated contrast media allergy in our area.","authors":"M Jesús Trujillo Trujillo, Victoria Villalobos-Violán, Arturo Toledo Gutiérrez, Mar Gandolfo-Cano, Ester Mohedano Vicente, Eloína González-Mancebo","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media (ICM) are very common due to its widespread use. Despite the fact that overall incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to ICM is low, the risk of severe outcomes needs a careful patient evaluation and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study that included patients referred to our Allergy Unit for suspected allergy to ICM in whom we carried out a protocolized allergic study based on skin and drug provocation tests (DPT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 108 patients were tested and allergy to ICM was confirmed in 29 (26.9%) and assumed in 9 (8.3%). All these patients tolerated DPT with alternative ICM. The most frequently involved contrasts in confirmed HSR were iodixanol and iohexol, and iopromida was the best tolerated. Out of a total of 125 DPT, we obtained 26 positive results with only two systemic reactions (mild).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In most of the patients in our sample, allergy to ICM was ruled out, and in allergic patients, tolerance to an alternative ICM was established. Our protocol is safe and allows patients to receive ICM in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a penicillin allergy delabeling program-real-world data from Croatia.","authors":"Ivan Marković, Jelena Barišić, Marina Božan Aksentijević, Ivica Lokner, Vesna Vukičević Lazarević","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Penicillin allergy is the most commonly reported drug allergy, often leading to unnecessary avoidance of beta-lactam antibiotics, increased use of alternative broad-spectrum antibiotics, and higher healthcare costs. However, studies indicate that over 90% of penicillin allergy labels are erroneous. This study presents real-world data from a penicillin allergy delabeling program conducted at the Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases in Zagreb, Croatia. A total of 132 adult patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy were evaluated with a stepwise diagnostic protocol, including medical history review, skin tests, specific IgE, and drug provocation tests. Five patients were delabeled directly, while 127 underwent diagnostic testing. Among 121 participants who completed the protocol, penicillin allergy was confirmed in 13 (10.74%) patients, and the label was retained in an additional 3 patients because of high-risk history, resulting in an overall confirmed allergy rate of 13.2%. The negative predictive values for STs were 99.07% and 94.39% for immediate and delayed reactions, respectively, while the NPV of sIgE for immediate reactions was 100%. No severe reactions occurred during the diagnostic process. Hundred and five out of one hundred and thirty two (79.5%) patients were safely delabeled. These findings confirm the safety and effectiveness of PAD programs in outpatient settings and highlight the potential for improving antibiotic stewardship by reducing unnecessary beta-lactam avoidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health literacy in patients with inborn errors of immunity.","authors":"Makbule Seda Bayrak Durmaz, Göksal Keskin, Seda Altıner","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Health literacy (HL) is essential for managing chronic conditions such as inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Limited HL may lead to poor clinical outcomes and inefficient healthcare use; however, HL among IEI patients remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate HL levels in adult IEI patients using the Turkish Health Literacy Scale (TSOY-32) and to identify associated sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 27 adult IEI patients receiving regular immunoglobulin therapy at an allergy and immunology clinic. Participants completed the TSOY-32 via face-to-face interviews. The scale assessed HL across two dimensions-Treatment and Services (TS) and Disease Prevention/Health Promotion (DP/HP)-and four information processing stages. Sociodemographic data were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the TSOY-32 general index, 44.4% of patients had inadequate or problematic HL. Significant associations were observed between HL levels (particularly in the DP/HP dimension) and age, gender, education, and marital status. Younger adults (18-34 years) showed higher HL than those aged 35 and older and married participants had lower HL than singles. Although HL improved with education, no significant link was found between educational level and overall HL. Economic status had a positive but nonsignificant relationship with HL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant proportion of IEI patients had limited HL, which may negatively impact treatment adherence. Tailored educational interventions that take into account patients' HL levels (e.g., simplified visual materials, brief in-clinic education, digital tools) could help enhance self-management. Larger studies are warranted to clarify the determinants of HL and improve care in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"108-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is the most important seasonal allergen in the Black Sea Region.","authors":"Şengül Aksakal, Nevra Güllü Arslan","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i5.1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i5.1354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are respiratory tract diseases predominantly triggered by allergens such as pollens, house dust mite, mold etc. The prevalence of respiratory allergens varies according to geographic location. Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), a prevalent weed particularly in South America and Europe, is being investigated for its sensitization frequency in the Black Sea region of our country. This study aims to evaluate ragweed and other allergens associated with respiratory allergic diseases in this region and determine their disease frequency.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma who attended the Immunology and Allergy outpatient clinic at Samsun Training and Research Hospital between 2017 and 2024. Data from 3,000 diagnosed patients were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 3,000 patients, 2,124 (70%) were female and 876 (30%) were male. All patients were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, while conjunctivitis was observed in 2,300 patients (76%), and asthma was diagnosed in 1,382 patients (46.6%). The most frequently detected allergen was house dust mite (75%). Ragweed pollen was identified as the most common cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis (15%). Moreover, ragweed pollen was found to be the allergen associated with the highest risk of asthma development (p-value: 6.69 × 10^-52).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ragweed pollen allergy is common in our region, and the allergenicity load is high. The sensitization rate may increase over time. If the prevalence is determined accurately, appropriate preventive measures and treatments can be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 5","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}