World journal of clinical pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Linkage of kynurenine pathway metabolites to neuroinflammation in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional, case-control study.","authors":"Kübranur Ünal, Yasemin Taş Torun, Mehmet Emre Erol, Cansu Özbaş, Zeynep Kübra Kurt","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115284","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that causes psychological, social, academic, and occupational impairments. Despite numerous studies, its etiopathogenesis remains incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare serum kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolite levels and metabolite ratios between drug-naive children with ADHD and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 51 drug-naive children with ADHD and 36 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Serum tryptophan, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) levels were measured. Ratios reflecting the activities of KP enzymes, namely KYN/tryptophan, KYNA/KYN, and QUIN/KYN, were measured, and the neurotoxic (QUIN/KYNA) and neuroprotective (KYNA/QUIN) indices were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, serum KYNA levels and the KYNA/QUIN ratio (neuroprotective index) were significantly lower in the ADHD group, while the QUIN/KYNA ratio (neurotoxic index) was significantly higher (<i>P</i> = 0.023, 0.025, and 0.029, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups in other KP metabolites or their ratios (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the hypothesis that neuroinflammatory imbalance in the KP contributes to the pathogenesis of ADHD and highlight the importance of new biomarkers for the development of targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 2","pages":"115284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148140169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuro-ophthalmic review on pediatric myopia: Advancing from refraction to a brain-centric model of axial growth.","authors":"Matteo Capobianco, Simonetta Gaia Nicolosi, Edoardo Dammino, Francesco Cappellani, Marieme Khouyyi, Fabiana D'Esposito, Caterina Gagliano, Marco Zeppieri","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117968","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric myopia is conventionally characterized as a refractive anomaly influenced by optical defocus and environmental factors. Emerging evidence suggests that axial elongation during childhood may be usefully reframed through a neuro-ophthalmic perspective, integrating retinal signaling, visual cortex maturation, and neuroplasticity. This minireview examines myopia within an eye-brain axis framework, emphasizing the roles of retinal neurotransmitters, dopaminergic pathways, and visual processing networks in regulating eye growth. Here, \"brain-centric\" denotes a clinically integrative model in which neurodevelopmental state and brain-governed behaviors (<i>e.g.</i>, sleep/circadian timing, viewing habits, outdoor exposure) shape the visual inputs that engage established intraocular growth pathways, rather than implying that post-retinal processing is required for emmetropization. Advances in high-resolution imaging, electrophysiology, and functional neuroimaging have reported structural and functional differences in the retina and central visual pathways that may be detectable early during myopia development; however, evidence that such alterations consistently precede refractive error remains limited, and causal direction is not fully established. We examine how early visual experiences, sleep, digital viewing behaviors, and neurodevelopmental factors may influence these pathways in children. Reconceptualizing pediatric myopia within an eye-brain axis framework may support targeted prevention, individualized monitoring, and treatment selection, as well as hypothesis-driven predictive work to identify higher-risk trajectories, while avoiding causal overinterpretation when evidence remains primarily associative.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 2","pages":"117968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148140196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fusobacterium</i> brain abscess as a complication of sinusitis in an immunocompetent adolescent: A case report.","authors":"Janani Sankar, Padma Priya K Haribabu, Ajay Gokhulnathan K Singaravelu Suganya","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.114310","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.114310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain abscesses are uncommon intracranial infections with an estimated incidence of 0.5 per 100000 individuals. Among bacterial causes, <i>Fusobacterium</i> species account for less than 10% of cases, and fewer than 20 pediatric instances have been reported worldwide. These infections are predominantly seen in individuals with poor dental hygiene, sinusitis and pose diagnostic challenges due to their anaerobic nature and frequent culture negativity. However, cases in immunocompetent individuals are rare and often pose diagnostic challenges due to the anaerobic nature of the causative organisms.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We report a 15-year-old boy who presented with a 5-day history of fever, headache, vomiting, and altered sensorium, followed by status epilepticus. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory data were systematically collected. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral frontal and left temporal subdural abscesses with frontal sinusitis. Pus obtained during burr-hole drainage underwent conventional culture and broad-range 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify the pathogen. Initial aerobic and anaerobic cultures were sterile. NGS identified <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> as the etiological agent. Empirical antibiotics (ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and metronidazole) were streamlined to ceftriaxone plus metronidazole after confirmation. The patient required repeat burr-hole drainage due to paradoxical effusion enlargement caused by inflammatory response following bacterial lysis. After four weeks of targeted therapy, he achieved full neurological recovery, with normalization of inflammatory markers and complete resolution on follow-up imaging.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the diagnostic value of 16S rRNA sequencing in culture-negative brain abscesses and highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management combining surgical source control and targeted anaerobic therapy. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of sinusitis, in line with IDSA recommendations, may prevent severe complications such as <i>Fusobacterium</i> brain abscess.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 2","pages":"114310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148140094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric heart failure: A focus on low-income countries.","authors":"Sulafa Km Ali","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115168","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.115168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) in the pediatric population is unique because it involves heterogeneous groups of diseases, including congenital and acquired conditions. The etiology of HF varies with age and sociodemographic origin. In low-income countries, unoperated congenital heart diseases are common, leading to a high prevalence of infants with HF and older children with Eisenmenger syndrome. In addition, rheumatic heart diseases are prevalent, leading to advanced HF in children. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and schistosomiasis add to the burden of heart diseases through complications, including pericarditis and pulmonary hypertension. In tropical regions, cardiomyopathies (<i>e.g.</i>, endomyocardial fibrosis) have unique causes that have been linked to tropical parasitic infections. The management of pediatric HF is constrained by challenges such as late diagnosis and poor access to medical and interventional therapies. Point-of-care ultrasound holds promise for improving early diagnosis, but appropriate training is required for its use. This study reviews the diagnosis and management of HF, with an emphasis on the limitations encountered in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 2","pages":"115168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148140178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia among preterm infants born before thirty-two weeks of gestation in Palestinian private hospitals.","authors":"Maram Z Algharabeh, Mu'taz M Dreidi, Najwa M Subuh, Omar H Almahmoud","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117297","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i2.117297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease among premature infants, with long-term consequences for respiratory health, neurodevelopment, and overall growth.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify the major risk factors for BPD among preterm infants born before thirty-two weeks of gestation in private hospitals in the North West Bank, Palestine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative, retrospective cohort study was conducted in tertiary private hospitals equipped with neonatal intensive care units in the North West Bank. The study population included all premature infants born at < 32 weeks gestation, with a total sample size of 119 cases. Data were collected using a structured, self-developed tool comprising five sections: Demographic data, maternal history, birth and neonatal history, respiratory support and interventions, and infection/complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, applying descriptive statistics, means, <i>n</i> (%) and inferential statistics, including the <i>χ</i> ² test, to examine associations between maternal, neonatal, and clinical variables and the occurrence of BPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean birth weight of the infants was 1257.45 g. Most infants (88.2%) were born between 28-32 weeks of gestation, and 65.5% were male. Significant associations were found between BPD and maternal preeclampsia (<i>P</i> = 0.045) as well as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Common maternal conditions included preeclampsia (44.5%) and eclampsia (47.9%), while prevalent neonatal complications included PDA (58.5%), retinopathy of prematurity (31%), and sepsis (60.5%). All infants received mechanical ventilation (MV) and were administered surfactant. Notably, 75.6% required immediate intubation, reflecting severe respiratory distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified low birth weight, gestational age, prolonged MV, and oxygen exposure as significant risk factors for BPD. Additional contributors included sepsis and intrauterine growth restriction. The findings underscore the importance of early detection, optimized respiratory management, and improved prenatal and neonatal care strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of BPD in preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 2","pages":"117297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148140214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: An overview.","authors":"Aarya K Rajalakshmi, Aditya K S Pawar, Raman Baweja","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.114315","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.114315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1%-3% of children and adolescents. It is characterized by obsessions, and compulsions and is associated with significant distress and interference with functioning. The first line treatment for pediatric OCD is cognitive-behavioral therapy, specifically exposure response prevention. In situations where there are challenges to meaningful engagement in therapy, accessing therapy or when the illness is severe, pharmacological interventions can be a useful adjunct to treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are established as the initial pharmacological approach. Clomipramine is also an effective medication option, but its use is limited by tolerability concerns. However, a subset of patients does not respond to these first-line interventions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and serotoninergic medication. In these treatment-resistant patients, antipsychotic augmentation can be helpful as the next pharmacological option but should be used cautiously due to potential for side effects. Glutamate modulating agents are an emerging medication class as augmenting options. Newer treatments for pediatric OCD that are effective, safe, and well-tolerated are needed. This comprehensive review outlines the approach to pharmacological treatment of pediatric OCD and the evidence supporting their use.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 1","pages":"114315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in diagnostic prediction of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.","authors":"Ting Zhou, Yan Pan, Cai-Qiang Jiao","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.112079","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.112079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology in children with coronary artery lesions (CALs) being its most concerning complication. Untimely diagnosis may lead to long-term cardiac damage and adult-onset cardiovascular disease. Researchers have long sought to identify risk factors for predicting high-risk CALs development in patients with KD. Domestic and international scholars have established scoring systems and predictive models to assess CAL risk based on these factors. This review summarized recent advances in four key areas: (1) Diagnostic prediction scoring systems; (2) Biomarker indicators; (3) Analytical methods; and (4) Predictive models for KD-associated cardiovascular complications, aiming to provide references for CAL prediction in KD.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 1","pages":"112079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of pediatric pulmonary infections: A pictorial review.","authors":"Bianca Schmiliver, Arosh S Perera Molligoda Arachchige","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.110318","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.110318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization in children. While the clinical presentation often guides diagnosis and treatment, imaging-particularly chest radiography-plays an essential adjunctive role. This is especially true when the diagnosis is uncertain or complications arise. This review synthesizes the characteristic imaging findings associated with common viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens in pediatric patients. Emphasis is placed on identifying overlapping radiographic features, recognizing patterns suggestive of specific etiologies, and understanding the implications of radiographic complications for clinical management. In addition to reviewing pathogen-specific manifestations, we discuss the evolving role of computed tomography and other advanced imaging modalities for the diagnosis and monitoring of complex pulmonary infections in the pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 1","pages":"110318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric burns: Key insights from cohort of 325 patients.","authors":"Atul Parashar, Somesh Thakur, Renu Sharda","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.114064","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.114064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Burns are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries like India. Unless fatal, burns can lead to lifelong disability, affecting social and psychological well-being of the child. It further exacerbates the financial strain on parents and adversely impacts the mental well-being of siblings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To understand the epidemiological profile as well as the psychosocial and economic impact of burns on patients and their families which may help us to devise strategies to manage and prevent these largely avoidable injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study was conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 20 months in which pediatric burn patients of age less than 15 years of age were evaluated. Demographic profile, circumstances of injury, type of burns (scalds, flame burns, electric burns), adult supervision at the time injury, time lapse and condition of patient at initial reporting, severity of burns, length of hospital stay and stay in intensive care unit, surgical procedures performed, outcome, deaths, adverse behavioral changes, financial impact on parents and impact on siblings were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of pediatric burns enrolled in the study were below 5 years of age (63.4%). Male (59.7%) to female (40.3%) ratio was 1.5:1. Scalds were the most common cause in all ages (55.07%). Flame burns (28.6%) and electric burns (16.3%) were more common in older children between age group 5-15 years. Patients who presented early with total body surface area burnt less than 50% had better outcomes. Mean loss of number of working days of parents in our study was 27.77 ± 13.07 days. Most common behavioral alteration reported in patients was irritability and anger (5.18%). Mean number of losses of school days for siblings was 20.59 ± 14.72 days. Multiple behavioral changes were observed in the siblings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Majority of pediatric burns are caused by preventable factors. Public awareness regarding risk factors and preventive strategies can go a long way in reducing both pediatric disability as well as financial impact on the family.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 1","pages":"114064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding recurrent wheezing: A parent's guide.","authors":"Thamonpan Kiatvitchukul, Pandaree Dokkham, Kornthip Jeephet, Klaita Srisingh","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.113430","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v15.i1.113430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent wheezing following acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in early childhood is a common clinical problem and may be an early indicator of chronic respiratory diseases. Early identification of associated risk factors is essential for early intervention and prevention.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the risk factors and timing of recurrent wheezing episodes following ALRTI in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted among pediatric patients ≤ 5 years old admitted with ALRTI and wheezing at Naresuan University Hospital between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2023. Participants were followed for 12 months. Data from electronic and paper records were analyzed using STATA 18.0. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests compared recurrence and non-recurrence groups through survival curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant predictors of recurrent wheezing included age 12-24 months [odds ratio (OR): 2.38; 95%CI: 1.50-3.78, <i>P</i> < 0.001], prematurity (OR: 1.66; 95%CI: 1.07-2.58, <i>P</i> = 0.024), allergic rhinitis (OR: 1.50; 95%CI: 1.04-2.17, <i>P</i> = 0.031), urban residency (OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.19-2.38, <i>P</i> = 0.003), eosinophilia (absolute eosinophil count > 500 cells/μL) (OR: 3.29; 95%CI: 1.57-6.91, <i>P</i> = 0.002), and prior lower respiratory tract infection (OR: 1.82; 95%CI: 1.20-2.76, <i>P</i> = 0.005). The median time to recurrence was 100 days (interquartile range: 43-125), varying across clinical and environmental subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with certain demographic and clinical features have higher recurrent wheezing risk after ALRTI, highlighting the need for closer monitoring and early preventive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 1","pages":"113430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}