Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"A Comparative Study on Pathological Changes in the Small Intestine of Sheep and Goat Experimentally Infected with <i>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</i>.","authors":"Arega Tafere,&nbsp;Getachew Terefe,&nbsp;Gezahagne Mamo,&nbsp;Tamirat Kaba,&nbsp;Jirata Shiferaw","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S365549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S365549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</i>, also called hairworm, is a genus of parasitic roundworm affecting gastro-intestinal tracts of a ruminant. Gross and microscopic lesion characterizations and comparing its effect in the small intestine of sheep and goats experimentally infected with <i>T. colubriformis</i> were undertaken in the study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During the study period, 13 sheep and 14 goats were included in the experiment. The larvae of <i>T. culibriformis</i> were obtained from abattoirs and larvae were recovered by Bearmann techniques. The infective larvae of <i>T. culibriformis</i> (L3) as a single dose of 10,000 per-animal was administered orally to infected groups of sheep and goats. Blood was collected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Tissues for gross and histopathologic lesions characterization were collected from killed infected animals at 56 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the infected group, the total recovered mean worm burden was recorded as higher in goats (<i>P</i><0.05) than sheep, with an establishment rate of 50.16% and 34.46%, respectively. The total mean PCV, Hb, and albumin values recorded in the infected groups of sheep and goats were significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) lower than non-infected control of both animal groups. In goats, the total serum protein was significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) lower in the infected group than the non-infected control group. Gross lesions found were enteritis with petechial hemorrhages, edema, hyperemia, and mucosal slough, which were marked in the duodenum (62.69%) and jejunum (33.33%) in sheep and 47.05% duodenum and 45.09% jejunum in goats. The microscopic lesions developed by <i>T. colubriformis</i> were subtotal villus atrophy, hemorrhage, straightened and elongated dilated crypts, loss of epithelium, mucosal erosion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed that <i>T. colubriformis</i> infection caused physiological and pathological changes of the small-intestine in sheep and goats, with more severe infection in goats than sheep, although they were under the same management condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/56/c0/vmrr-13-213.PMC9447457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33455430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Brucellosis: Seropositivity rates, Isolation and Molecular Detection in Southern and Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Bayeta Senbata Wakjira,&nbsp;Edilu Jorga,&nbsp;Matios Lakew,&nbsp;Abebe Olani,&nbsp;Biniam Tadesse,&nbsp;Getachew Tuli,&nbsp;Redeat Belaineh,&nbsp;Shubisa Abera,&nbsp;Getachew Kinfe,&nbsp;Solomon Gebre","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S372455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S372455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brucellosis is a neglected bacterial zoonosis with serious veterinary and public health importance throughout the world. A cross-sectional study on animal brucellosis was conducted aiming to estimate seroprevalence and molecular detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from a total of 4274 individual animals (cattle, small ruminants and camel) from 241 herds/flocks for serology and PCR. Serum samples were tested using multispecies I-ELISA. Blood clots from seropositive animals were also tested for brucellosis via PCR. Additionally, 13 vaginal swab samples were collected from animals (2 from bovine and 11 from small ruminants) with recent abortion history for bacterial isolation and molecular detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall individual animal and herd level seroprevalence was 3.95% (169/4274) and 18.26% (44/241) respectively. The animal level seroprevalence at species level was 1.58% (47/2982), 8.89% (97/1091) and 12.44% (25/201) in bovine, small ruminants (sheep and goat) and camel, respectively. Herd level seroprevalence were 5.43% (10/184), 52.08% (25/48) and 100% (9/9) in bovine, small ruminant and camel, respectively. The animal level seroprevalence of bovine from intensive and extensive systems was 1.10% (31/2808) and 2.87% (5/174) respectively. Blood clots tested for brucellosis via PCR were negative by RT-PCR. <i>Brucella</i> species was isolated from 6/13 (46.15%) vaginal swab samples cultured on <i>Brucella</i> selective agar, and shown to be <i>B. melitensis</i> using Real-Time PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, seropositivity for camels was higher than what has been reported previously. Also, there was a notable difference in this study in cattle seroprevalence when comparing extensive with intensive systems, with the extensive system having much greater seropositivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/70/da/vmrr-13-201.PMC9431773.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40346741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in Selected Districts of Afar Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Teshager Dubie,&nbsp;Fentaw Hussen Abegaz,&nbsp;Beyene Dereje,&nbsp;Wossene Negash,&nbsp;Muhammed Hamid","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S375273","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S375273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of Ethiopia's most economically significant transboundary livestock illnesses. The disease has a significant economic impact on pastoral household livestock owners, who rely significantly on their cattle as a source of income.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken in selected districts of Afar region from November 2018 to May 2019 primarily intended to estimate the prevalence of lumpy skin disease serologically in local Afar cattle as well as identify potential associated factors. A multistage sampling method was employed to select study districts, peasant association, herd size and study units. A total of 384 sera were processed using serum neutralization test (SNT) method to detect antibodies against lumpy skin disease virus. Relevant data were refined and further analyzed using stata version 14.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study districts, the overall animal level seroprevalence was found to be 7.6% (N = 29/384; 95% confidence interval: 4.90-10.20) and the overall herd level prevalence was found to be 20.8% (n = 15/72; 95% confidence interval: 11.42-30.18). Only district was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0.004) in terms of LSD occurrence among the relevant factors studied. Cattle in Chifra district were 20.18 times more likely to contract LSD infection than cattle in Dubti district, when Asayita district was used as the reference group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study finding confirmed the presence of the disease in the study districts of afar region and coordinated intervention set to be in place.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/28/vmrr-13-191.PMC9392487.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40632666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant Microbial Therapy Using Antimicrobial Peptides and the CRISPR/Cas9 System.","authors":"Yared Abate Getahun,&nbsp;Destaw Asfaw Ali,&nbsp;Bihonegn Wodajnew Taye,&nbsp;Yismaw Alemie Alemayehu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S366533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S366533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant microbes become a serious threat to animal and human health globally because of their less responsiveness to conventional antimicrobial therapy. Multidrug-resistant microbial infection poses higher morbidity and mortality rate with significant economic losses. Currently, antimicrobial peptides and the CRISPR/Cas9 system are explored as alternative therapy to circumvent the challenges of multidrug-resistant organisms. Antimicrobial peptides are small molecular weight, cationic peptides extracted from all living organisms. It is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of multidrug-resistant microbes by direct microbial killing or indirectly modulating the innate immune system. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is another novel antimicrobial alternative used to manage multidrug-resistant microbial infection. It is a versatile gene-editing tool that uses engineered single guide RNA for targeted gene recognition and the Cas9 enzyme for the destruction of target nucleic acids. Both the CRISPR/Cas9 system and antimicrobial peptides were used to successfully treat nosocomial infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens, which developed resistance to various antimicrobials. Despite, their valuable roles in multidrug-resistant microbial treatments, both the antimicrobial peptides and the CRISPR/Cas systems have various limitations like toxicity, instability, and incurring high manufacturing costs. Thus, this review paper gives detailed explanations of the roles of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and antimicrobial peptides in circumventing the challenges of multidrug-resistant microbial infections, its limitation and prospects in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/15/vmrr-13-173.PMC9379109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40624201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Awareness, Prevalence and Potential Determinants of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Districts of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Ephrem Tora,&nbsp;Minale Getachew,&nbsp;Wasihun Seyoum,&nbsp;Edget Abayneh","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S370733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S370733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is infectious chronic disease of animals mainly caused by bacillus Mycobacterium bovis. It is known endemic disease of cattle in Ethiopia. In the current study sites, there is little information on bovine tuberculosis. Thus, this study was aimed to assess public awareness; and estimate prevalence and potential a risk factors of bovine tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted, November 2018 to May 2019, on dairy cattle randomly selected from smallholder farms of Arba Minch Zuria and Chencha districts. Comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) was used in the diagnosis of bTB in dairy animals. CIDT was administered to 221 dairy cattle. Questionnaire survey was performed on 110 smallholders to assess risk factors accountable for the event of bTB in human population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>8.2% animal level prevalence of bTB was documented in the study sites. Dairy cattle with age of 4 to 8 eight years were 34% more likely to be affected by bTB less than 4 years age cattle (OR=1.34). However, factors like housing, body condition, herd size and parity were not significantly related with the event of bTB. The assessment of bTB awareness was shown 29.7% participants knew that cattle could be infected, and 13.4% of the respondents believed that it can spread from animal to human and vice versa. Besides, 66.1% of participants had habit for consumption of raw milk and soured milk products. Moreover, respondent's attitude about zoonoses and consequences of bTB was risky.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Present study discloses that bTB is animal health problem affecting dairy cattle in Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Based on the current findings, public awareness creation, bovine tuberculosis test and segregation strategy should be applied to minimize the public health hazards and risk factors for bovine origin tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a2/86/vmrr-13-163.PMC9359360.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40608755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of <i>Eimeria</i> Species in Broiler Chickens, Ethiopia.","authors":"Meskerem Adamu Chere,&nbsp;Kasech Melese,&nbsp;Yoseph Cherinet Megerssa","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S357432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S357432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Eimeria</i> is a parasitic organism causing coccidiosis, an enteric disease of major economic importance in poultry. The conventional methods for species identification of <i>Eimeria</i> have major limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh fecal samples were randomly collected from 50 small and large-scale commercial broiler farms located in Adama, Bishoftu, Dukem, and Mojo towns. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used for the differentiation of <i>Eimeria</i> species circulating among study sites and broiler farms. DNA was extracted from <i>Eimeria</i> oocytes using a DNeasy Tissue Kit. The extracted DNA templates and the genus-specific primers (Invitrogen) were used for the amplification of the ITS-1 region from seven <i>Eimeria</i> species of chicken. Descriptive statistical analysis and <i>t</i>-test were used to summarize and analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PCR result confirms that all the seven species of <i>Eimeria</i> were detected in both small and large-scale broiler farms. Prevalence variation was found among broiler farms and between study sites. The frequency of <i>E. brunetti</i> (P<0.006) and <i>E. tenella</i> (P<0.04) in the small-scale broiler farms was significantly higher compared to that of in large-scale farms. A significantly higher frequency of <i>E. acervulina</i> (P<0.03) and <i>E. brunetti</i> (P<0.03) was detected in broiler farms of Dukem and Mojo compared to the broiler farms in Bishoftu. The study also revealed that multiple infections of <i>Eimeria</i> species per sample are common in most farms. Among the evaluated small-scale broiler farms of Bishoftu, 80% showed up to 5 mixed species. In addition, about 33% of large-scale and 20% of small-scale broiler farms showed 6-7 mixed species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study characterized all the seven <i>Eimeria</i> species and revealed that multiple infections of <i>Eimeria</i> species per sample are common in most of the evaluated farms. The current findings might be useful for future anticoccidial vaccine development and for effective chemoprophylactic and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/75/vmrr-13-153.PMC9357388.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40598114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Severe Hypomagnesemia as the Primary Electrolyte Abnormality with a Delayed Onset of Clinical Signs as a Result of Refeeding Syndrome in a Cat.","authors":"Brianna Smith,&nbsp;Jeanette Hendricks,&nbsp;Steven Centola","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S358682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S358682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes severe hypomagnesemia in a cat attributed to refeeding syndrome with an onset of clinical signs from the magnesium deficiency apparent on the twelfth day following initiation of feeding. The patient initially presented in a state of cachexia from apparent malnutrition after missing from the owners care for five months. The patient was initially discharged five days after the initiation of feeding with only a mild hypokalemia apparent and requiring supplementation and returned for outpatient management. The patient presented through the emergency department on the twelfth day following the onset of feeding with the clinical signs of acute lethargy, vomiting, generalized tremors and a seizure episode and had a severe total hypomagnesemia on diagnostic bloodwork. The patient's clinical signs resolved following emergency treatment with parenteral magnesium sulfate as a continuous rate infusion and was later managed with oral magnesium hydroxide for a prolonged period of time. Electrolyte abnormalities and associated clinical signs typically occur between two and five days after initiation of feeding and up to ten days after starting food intake in humans with anorexia nervosa. This case report highlights that hypomagnesemia, while not the most common electrolyte disturbance to occur with refeeding syndrome, can occur without other significant electrolyte changes and can cause clinical signs greater than ten days following refeeding to a starving patient. This magnesium deficiency required prolonged treatment, but the patient made a complete recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/c6/vmrr-13-143.PMC9270882.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of E. coli O157:H7 Along Dairy Milk Supply Chain in Central Ethiopia","authors":"H. Dejene, F. Abunna, Ashenafi Chaka Tuffa, G. Gebresenbet","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S366888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S366888","url":null,"abstract":"Background Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157:H7) is the primary cause of bloody diarrhea or hemorrhagic colitis. The study was carried out with to determine the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 along the dairy supply chains in Akaki Kaliti sub-city of Addis Ababa, Bishoftu and Sululta towns of central Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design with random sampling methods was employed. Thus, a total of 450 raw cow milk (294), milker hand swab (65) and water (91) samples were collected from dairy farms, milk collection centers and Cafeterias and processed according to the standards to isolate and identify E. coli O157:H7. The samples were initially enriched in buffered peptone water, then plated onto Sorbitol MacConkey agar. Consequently, the suspected non-sorbitol fermenting colonies were confirmed as E. coli biochemically and serological test using latex agglutination tests. Results Out of the total 450 samples examined, 6.0% were found to be contaminated by E. coli O157:H7. Accordingly, 9.89% of water, 9.23% of milker hand swab and 4.08% of raw milk samples were contaminated by the pathogen. Furthermore, the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was 7.79%, 6.21% and 3.97% in Akaki kaliti sub-city, Sululta and Bishoftu towns, respectively. The result of Fisher exact analysis revealed a significant difference observed (p < 0.05) between the occurrence of the pathogen and the source of sample, sources of water used, sampled material and type of containers. The study also revealed that varying level of resistance of E. coli O157:H7 isolates against nine antimicrobial discs tested and 100% (n = 27) of the isolates showed multidrug-resistance comprising from two up to seven antimicrobial drugs. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has indicated the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 and its multiple drug-resistant profiles in milk samples along the dairy supply chains and its risk to public health and food safety. Therefore, proper hygienic practices from dairy farms to fork and rational drug usage are recommended.","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Seroprevalence Study of Brucellosis in Boran (Zebu) Breeds of Pastoral Area","authors":"Alebachew Tilahun, Silto Kegno, T. Adugna, Dinberu Mamuye","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S361226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S361226","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The economic and health implications of brucellosis are of particular concern in developing countries, primarily in the vulnerable sector of rural herders. A cross-sectional study was done in Boran breeds to estimate the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis, identify risk variables and assess public health implications in Borena zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia in the questionnaire survey. Methods The sampling animals were chosen from smallholders using a simple random sampling procedure. The study involved a total of 788 animals. Animals of both sex and different age groups with the age of 6 months or above found during the study interval were included. The Rose Bengal plate test was used to screen sera, and positive samples were subsequently retested using a Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for confirmation. Results The overall seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis was 7.6% (60/788) in the Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay test. Herd size, age, history of abortion, testicular hygroma, and retained fetal membrane were statistical significance for the Brucella seropositivity (P<0.05). Whereas, district, sex, body condition score, and management did not influence the disease occurrence (P>0.05). The majority of the participants, 91.7% (55/60) did not aware of the zoonotic implications of brucellosis. Only 10% (6/60) of interviewed respondents disposed of aborted fetuses and retained fetal membrane properly and the rest 90% (54/60) left in the environment. Ninety percent and 83.3% of the respondents revealed that they consumed raw milk and meat, respectively. Conclusion The presence of Brucella infection is highly correlated with age, history of abortion, and testicular hygroma. According to the collected data: sex, body condition score, district, and management had no statistically significant effect on Brucella occurrence. The majority of respondents were unaware of the disease’s zoonotic consequences. Finally, creating community awareness about its transmission, zoonotic significance, and hygienic practices were recommended.","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42526640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Advanced Imaging Modalities in Veterinary Medicine: A Review","authors":"Dagmawi Yitbarek, Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S367040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S367040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Veterinary anatomy has traditionally relied on detailed dissections to produce anatomical illustrations, but modern imaging modalities, now represent an enormous resource that allows for fast non-invasive visualizations in living animals for clinical and research purposes. In this review, advanced anatomical imaging modalities and their applications, safety issues, challenges, and future prospects of the techniques commonly employed for animal imaging would be highlighted. The quality of diagnostic imaging equipment in veterinary practice has greatly improved. Recent advances made in veterinary advanced imaging specifically about cross-sectional modalities (CT and MRI), nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT), and dual imaging modalities (PET/CT, PET/MR, and SPECT/CT) have become widely available, leading to greater demands and expectations from veterinary clients. These modalities allow for the creation of three-dimensional representations that can be of considerable value in the dissemination of clinical diagnosis and anatomical studies. Despite, the modern imaging modalities well established in developed countries across the globe, it is yet to remain in its infancy stage in veterinary practice in developing countries due to heavy initial investment and maintenance costs, lack of expert interpretation, a requirement of specialized technical staff and need of adjustable machines to accommodate the different range of animal sizes. Therefore, veterinarians should take advantage of these imaging techniques in designing future experiments by considering the availability of these varied imaging modalities and the creation of three-dimensional graphical representations of internal structures.","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48488176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}