Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Pet Contact Associated Zoonosis in Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Yobsan Tamiru,&nbsp;Debela Abdeta,&nbsp;Morka Amante","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S346806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S346806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Households consider their dogs and cats as their close friends. They act as companion animals. The contact between pets and their owners results in transmission of zoonotic disease. In Ethiopia, dogs and cats are the most abundant carnivores, and diseases associated with them affect wide parts of the community. There is limited knowledge, practice, and attitude within the communities toward pet contact associated zoonotic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based semi-structured questionnaire complemented with an interview was delivered to 633 household pets' owners in Sibu Sire, Jimaa Arjo, and Wayu Tuqa districts in Western Ethiopia to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices toward pet contact associated zoonotic disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Socio-demographically, 54.6% of the study participants were female. According to this finding concerning common pet contact zoonotic disease, 70% of the respondents had knowledge about rabies, with Echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, and ring worm also being commonly heard of. Contamination of feed and water (21.71%) and animal bites (21.01%) are the predominant modes of transmission, whereas animal waste, fecal oral route, and touching pets are also common ways for disseminating zoonotic disease. The dominant symptoms noted by respondents were behavioral change, depression, lack of appetite, itching, and diarrhea. In all attitude-related responses, there was a significant association (p<0.05) between the number of respondents and the variable studied. There was also a statistically significant association of KAP score (p<0.05) with educational rank and the work of respondents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates the importance of pet ownership to the community, which is also associated with transmitting different zoonotic diseases. Moreover, there are inconsistencies on regular veterinary use, pet management, and proper prevention and treatment measures of the disease. Coordinated efforts are expected from different stakeholders in enhancing community KAP level towards pet contact associated zoonosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/da/vmrr-13-47.PMC8819162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39601364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Infectious Bursal Disease in Chickens Managed Under Intensive and Backyard Production Systems in Western Oromia, Ethiopia.","authors":"Debela Abdeta,&nbsp;Yobsan Tamiru,&nbsp;Morka Amante,&nbsp;Dereje Abebe,&nbsp;Felmeta Kenei,&nbsp;Jirata Shiferaw,&nbsp;Misgana Tefera","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S347373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S347373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious viral disease challenging poultry industry throughout the world. It is also among the main obstacles in the different chicken production system in Ethiopia. This study was conducted with the aim of determining seroprevalence and associated risk factors of IBD in backyard and intensively managed chickens of the study area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of western Oromia on intensive and backyard production systems to investigate seroprevalence of IBD and associated risk factors from September 2020 to August 2021. A total of 384 chickens of either sex, 128 from each district, were included from three randomly selected peasant associations (PAs). In addition, 180 individual poultry keepers, of both sexes, and different educational backgrounds, were included for questionnaire survey (Supplementary Material). Data were analyzed using SPSS Version-20, and results were presented as percentages. The samples were processed by using (ProFLOKIBV, USA) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 384 serum samples tested, 66.93% (<i>n</i> = 257) were found positive by indirect ELISA. The highest prevalence was recorded from Sasiga district Balo Bareda PA. Prevalence of IBD showed significant statistical association (<i>p</i> < 0.05) among owner education level, chicken rearing practice, origin and breed. Questionnaire survey results showed the majority of respondents lack sufficient knowledge about IBD and other chicken diseases. The practice of backyard chicken producers on vaccination and treatment of sick birds is limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, IBD is a major factor hindering production and health of birds. Proper vaccination programs coordinated with awareness creation of chicken owners on how to isolate and treat sick birds should be implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/fb/vmrr-13-39.PMC8800864.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39590042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine Brucellosis: Epidemiology, Public Health Implications, and Status of Brucellosis in Ethiopia.","authors":"Dereje Tulu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S347337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S347337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that causes serious problems in developing countries such as Ethiopia. <i>Brucella abortus</i> is the primary cause of brucellosis in cattle, and <i>Brucella melitensis</i> and <i>Brucella suis</i> also occasionally cause <i>Brucella</i> infection in cattle. Abortion and the retained fetal membrane are typical signs in females, whereas orchitis and bursitis are the known signs in male cattle. Brucellosis is typically transmitted to healthy cattle by direct or indirect contact with diseased cattle or their discharges. Humans can acquire brucellosis through the consumption of unpasteurized milk or milk products, and through contact with diseased cattle or their discharges. The occurrence of bovine brucellosis is affected by different factors related to the management system, host, and environmental factors. In Ethiopia, the occurrence of brucellosis is high in pastoral and mixed cattle management systems, wherever humans live closely with cattle and so have a higher probability of picking up the <i>Brucella</i> organism. The most suitable technique in the management of <i>Brucella</i> infection is the vaccination of young female cattle. <i>Brucella abortus</i> can also be eradicated by the isolation of diseased cattle, administration of immunizing agents, and test-and-slaughter methods. Therefore, it is important to implement applicable management techniques and to increase public awareness about the transmission of brucellosis, and further research should be conducted on brucellosis in high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/d7/vmrr-13-21.PMC8752066.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39696671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Bacterial Pathogens Isolated in Lactating Cows in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Nahom Belay,&nbsp;Nejib Mohammed,&nbsp;Wasihun Seyoum","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S344024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S344024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Mastitis is a disease known to cause a great deal of loss of production and has a major economic impact. In the study area, there is little current information on bovine mastitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of bovine mastitis and its associated risk factors and isolate the major pathogenic bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2020 to September 2020 in selected dairy farms of Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia. A total of 422 lactating cows were diagnosed for mastitis using the California mastitis test, clinical examination, and bacteriological methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of bovine mastitis determined in the area was 17.1% (72 of 422), of which 1.9% (eight of 422) was clinical and 15.2% (64 of 422) subclinical. Of 1,662 quarters examined, 7.94% (132) were positive. Bacteriological methods were also used to isolate the major pathogenic bacterial species associated with bovine mastitis. From 72 composite milk samples, growth of six different groups of bacteria was recorded in 64 (88.9%) samples. The most predominant bacterial pathogens isolated were <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (42.6%), ahead of <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (26.2%), non-aureus staphylococci (14.8%), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (11.5%). <i>Salmonella</i> spp. (3.3%) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (1.6%) were the least isolated bacterial pathogens. Among risk factors, breed, parity, udder depth, and tick infestation of the udder showed statistically significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05) regarding the occurrence of mastitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study revealed that mastitis is one of the health problems affecting dairy cows in Gamo. Enhancing the awareness of dairy farmers, regular screening, and improving hygienic conditions are critically important to control and prevent bovine mastitis in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/10/vmrr-13-9.PMC8752063.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39696670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Calf Management and Hygiene Practices Adopted in Large and Small-Scale Dairy Farms in Wondo Genet Area, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Tesfaye Belay,&nbsp;Berhanu Mekibib","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S387838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S387838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although calf management is the cornerstone of dairy cattle productivity and profitability, little attention is given by researchers particularly in developing nations including Ethiopia. Therefore, this research was conducted to characterize calf management and hygiene practices adopted by dairy farmers at Wondo Genet, a potential milk shed for southern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Calf management and hygiene practice-related data were collected from 57 dairy farms through a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire and personal observation. All sampled farms were visited once by technical staff and administered the questionnaire by face-to-face interview during the period February 2017 to December 2019. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority (96.5%) of the farms had a slatted calf pen floor that was made of concrete. Although more than half of the farms (57.9%) had a good calf pen drainage system, only some (n = 8, 14%) are cleaned on a daily basis. All the calves (100%) had a history of calf scour, 96% survived from cowdriosis (heartwater). The majority of the calves born in the dairy farms (68.5%) received colostrum within 30 minutes of birth, but most of them (82.5%) were fed with waste milk till weaning age. Although the majority of the farms separately house recently born calves, 24.6% of the farms raise their calves together with other domestic animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Dairy farm owners in the study area adopted some established risky calf management and hygiene practices that might lead to high calf morbidity/mortality in the farm. Awareness creation and further study to identify the specific causes of mortality and morbidity should be in place to improve the management and hygiene of calves and implement specific control and preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"13 ","pages":"329-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/60/vmrr-13-329.PMC9759114.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10400598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Cestodes, and Protozoans of Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda.","authors":"Margaret Tumusiime,&nbsp;Festo Ndayisenga,&nbsp;Pie Ntampaka","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S389336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S389336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Goat farming significantly contributes to the efficient use of land and socioeconomic development in developed and developing countries. During the fiscal year 2017-2018, goats made up 13.5% of the total live livestock exported by Rwanda. Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) can negatively impact goat production, especially in developing countries like Rwanda. This study aimed to determine the impact of the goat' age and location (administrative cell) on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes, cestodes, and protozoans (GiNCPs) of goats in Nyagatare district, Rwanda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 149 faecal samples were collected from apparently unwell goats and analyzed using the simple flotation technique. Strongyle-type nematodes (STNs) infections were graded using the McMaster method. Pearson chi-square tests of independence were calculated to assess the impact of the goat' age and location on the prevalence of GiNCPs in the study area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the goats (100%) were infected with GiNCPs. The identified types of parasites were STNs (96.0%), Coccidia (83.2%), <i>Moniezia</i> spp (14.8%), <i>Strongyloides papillosus</i> (12.8%), <i>Nematodirus</i> spp (0.7%) and <i>Trichuris ovis</i> (0.7%). Nearly 85.9% (128/149) of the goats were coinfected with 2 to 4 types of parasites and the coinfection of STNs and coccidia preponderated at 58.4%. The location (administrative cell) of the goats correlated with the prevalence of monieziasis (p<0.05). The goat's age category was also associated with the prevalence of strongyloidiasis (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All the goats (100%) were infected with GiNCPs. The location (administrative cell) of the goat also correlated with the prevalence of monieziasis. In addition, the goat's age category was associated with the prevalence of strongyloidiasis. These findings show that any control program for caprine gastrointestinal parasitoses in the study area should focus on STNs and Coccidia.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"13 ","pages":"339-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8c/ed/vmrr-13-339.PMC9788693.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10438344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine Squamous Gastric Disease: Prevalence, Impact and Management.","authors":"Michael Hewetson,&nbsp;Rose Tallon","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S235258","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S235258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review explores the etiopathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of ESGD (equine squamous gastric disease) and discusses the impact of this commonly encountered condition on the equine industry. ESGD refers specifically to peptic injury of the squamous mucosa of the stomach. Prevalence is highest in performance horses, but the disease has been documented across many breeds and ages, including in feral horses and foals. The pathogenesis of ESGD is well understood. Intensive management and exercise are important factors that contribute to a disruption of the normal stratification of gastric pH. This results in exposure of the vulnerable squamous mucosa to acid, leading to ulceration. Clinical signs are variable and there is little evidence to support a direct association between reported signs and the presence or absence of lesions seen on gastroscopy. Management is aimed at acid suppression and mitigation of known risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"381-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/78/vmrr-12-381.PMC8725839.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39914665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological and Bacteriological Assessment of Reproductive Organ Disorders in She Camels in Somali, Eastern Ethiopia.","authors":"Asnakew Chekole,&nbsp;Abaynew Gelaye,&nbsp;Haben Fesseha,&nbsp;Mesfin Mathewos","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S348127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S348127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reproduction is a vital necessity for effective livestock production, and its productivity depends on the normal structure and function of the genital organs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study was carried out to characterize gross pathological lesions and identify aerobic bacteria from reproductive organ disorders of slaughtered she-camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) in the Fafen zone of the Somali Regional States of Ethiopia. All the available reproductive organ (50) samples were considered during sampling and cultured bacteriologically using a standard procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accordingly, eighteen out of fifty female dromedary camels (36%, 18/50) were found to have gross pathological lesions on the genitalia, including acute metritis (10%), pyometra (8%), cervicitis (6%), vaginitis (4%), follicular cysts (4%), inactive/hypoplastic ovaries (2%) and vaginal lymphocytic masses (2%). Based on the anatomical distribution of reproductive tract lesions, uterine abnormalities were the most frequently observed lesions (18%, 9/50), followed by cervicovaginal abnormalities (12%, 6/50) and ovarian abnormalities (6%, 3/50). In addition, eight different species of bacteria were identified from the sampled reproductive organs: 29 (58%) from the uterus, 7 (14%) from the cervix, 7 (14%) from the vagina, 4 (8%) from the udder, and 3 (6%) from the ovary. Of the total isolated bacteria, coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> species 25 (50%), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 18 (36%), <i>E. coli</i> 12 (24%), <i>Streptococcus</i> species 11 (22%), <i>Salmonella</i> species 6 (12%), <i>Proteus</i> species 8 (16%), <i>Shigella</i> species 2 (4%) and <i>Klebsiella</i> species 1 (2%) were the most commonly identified bacterial species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that gross lesions of reproductive tracts and their bacterial isolates are prevalent in female dromedary camels. The role of each reproductive tract lesion and bacterial isolate as causes of reproductive failure in camels requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"371-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/1c/vmrr-12-371.PMC8721016.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39914663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Tuge Temesgen,&nbsp;Yitbarek Getachew,&nbsp;Haileleul Negussie","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S339042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S339042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equine herpesvirus (EHV) infections have major economic, health, and welfare impacts on equids. This study was performed in three selected zones of central Ethiopia with the objectives of detecting EHV-1, -2, and -5 in horses and donkeys with suggestive signs of respiratory tract disease and to assess epidemiological risk factors associated with infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 58 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from donkeys and horses showing clinical signs of respiratory disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect EHV-1, -2, and -5. Evaluation of the associated risk factors was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 58 equids tested, 36 (62%), 31 (53%), and 15 (25%) equids were positive for EHV-1, -2, and -5, respectively. Concurrent infections with EHV-1 and EHV-2 (31%), EHV-1 and EHV-5 (17%), EHV-2 and EHV-5 (15.5%), and EHV-1, -2, and -5 (13%) were recorded. EHV-1 was detected significantly in higher proportion in donkeys (76%; 95% CI: 1.066-2.251; P = 0.047) compared with horses (51.5%). In contrast, horses had fourteen times more likely to be positive for EHV-2 (OR: 13.66; 95% CI: 3.119-59.816; P = 0.001) compared to donkeys. Detection of EHV-1, -2, and -5 was no significant association with age, sex, and body condition score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study revealed the molecular evidence of EHV-1, -2, and -5 infection in donkeys and horses with signs of respiratory disease. It also documented that donkeys and horses have varying levels of susceptibility to EHVs. This species-specific in susceptibility difference to EHVs infections should be further elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"337-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/32/vmrr-12-337.PMC8694401.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39877200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Clinical Response Following a Repeat Intraarticular Injection of Tin-117m (^117mSn) Colloid in Dogs with Elbow Osteoarthritis.","authors":"John Donecker,&nbsp;Jimmy C Lattimer,&nbsp;Lorrie Gaschen,&nbsp;Karanvir Singh Aulakh","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S345144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S345144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if a repeat intraarticular (IA) injection of a tin-117m colloid radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) agent can be safely given in the same joint 12 months after an initial injection for treatment of canine elbow osteoarthritis (OA), and to evaluate the pain reduction effect of the repeat injection.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Nine client owned dogs with grade 1 or 2 elbow OA were given an IA injection of tin-117m colloid in both elbows, one of which had been treated ≤12 months earlier with the same RSO device. Treatment safety was evaluated by joint fluid analysis at baseline (BL) and at 180 days after treatment, and by urinalysis, CBC, and serum chemistry analysis of diagnostic samples obtained at BL and 180 days. Radiographs, computed tomography, and MRI scans were obtained at BL and 180 days to determine if disease progression differed in elbows given one versus two injections. Clinical response to treatment was assessed subjectively by dog owner responses to the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) survey at BL, 90 and 180 days, and objectively by investigator-conducted force plate (FP) analysis of dogs at BL, 90, and 180 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All post-treatment urinalysis, CBC and clinical chemistry results were within normal ranges. Joint fluid analysis showed a significant (P=0.0411) reduction in the percentage of monocytes at 180 days, consistent with the tin-117m colloid mode of action of apoptosis of pro-inflammatory macrophages at the injection site. There was no significant difference in OA progression in elbows given one or two injections. The treatment success rate was 55.5% (5/9) on day 90 as determined either by CBPI responses or FP analysis, and 66.6% (6/9) on day 180 as determined by FP analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tin-117m colloid can be safely given as a repeat injection 12 months after an initial injection, and can potentially provide a durable therapeutic response in dogs with elbow OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"12 ","pages":"325-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/0f/vmrr-12-325.PMC8691448.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39636580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}