Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Detection of Marek's Disease Virus from Outbreak Cases in Chicken in South Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Abdela Bulbula,&nbsp;Bizunesh Borena,&nbsp;Biniam Tadesse,&nbsp;Abde Aliy,&nbsp;Demessa Negessu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S376795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S376795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Marek's disease virus is a devastating infection, causing high morbidity and mortality in chickens in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study was conducted from March to November, 2021 with the general objective of performing antemortem and postmortem, isolation, and molecular detection of Marek's disease virus from outbreak cases in southwestern Ethiopia. Accordingly, based on outbreak information reported from the study sites namely, Bedelle, Yayo, and Bonga towns in southwestern Ethiopia, 50 sick chickens were sampled. The backyard and intensive farming systems of chickens were included in the sampling and priorities were given for chickens that showed clinical signs that are characteristics of Marek's disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By clinical examinations, paralysis of legs and wings, gray eye, loss of weight, difficulty in breathing, and depression were recorded on all chickens sampled for this study and death of diseased chickens was observed. In addition, enlargement of the spleen and gross lesions of the liver and heart were recorded during postmortem examination. The death of infected chickens was observed in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated flocks. Out of 50 pooled feather follicle samples, Marek's disease virus was isolated from 14/50 (28%) by cell culture method and out of six tissue samples, the virus was isolated from 5/6(83.30%). By Real time polymerization chain reaction technique, which was targeted to detect the Meq gene, Marek's disease virus was detected from 18/50 feather follicles which accounts for 36% of sampled chickens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, current study showed that the circulating Marek's disease virus in southwestern Ethiopia was caused by the oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus-2 (Serotype-1). Further research on molecular characterization of revolving virus in current and other regions is recommended for effective control of the disease through vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/87/vmrr-13-265.PMC9527818.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus Antibodies in Ovine in Maji District of West Omo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Tamirat Haile,&nbsp;Mulugeta Abera,&nbsp;Tsegaye Teklemariam,&nbsp;Demeke Sibhatu,&nbsp;Fasil Asres","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S375482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S375482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bluetongue (BT) disease is an arthropod-transmitted viral disease of domestic and wild ruminant species caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV). It is of most importance in sheep and endemic primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions where vectors (<i>Culicoides</i> species) are present.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in July-November 2019 to examine the seroprevalence of BTV infection in ovine in Maji district of West Omo zone. Serum samples were examined for the presence of specific antibodies of BTV using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) test. The collected data was coded and analyzed using STATA version 13 software. Associations between sero-prevalence and its risk factors were tested in a Chi-square analysis and with a <i>P</i><0.05 were considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The individual animal prevalence was revealed as 39.23% (153/390). Herd size prevalence was: small size herd (37.42%; 61/163), medium size herd (32.35%; 55/170), and large size herd (64.91%; 37/57). Species-based prevalence showed ovine (38.00%; 141/371) and caprine (63.15%; 12/19). Age-based prevalence revealed adult (39.26%; 150/382) and young (37.5%; 3/8). The cumulative sex prevalence for both ovine and caprine was male (37.95%; 52/137) and female (39.92%; 101/253).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current prevalence of BTV antibodies in the area was found to be high. Lack of application of bluetongue disease control mechanisms like vaccination for the animals is a key factors for the high prevalence of the disease in the areas besides the existence of the vectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/1c/vmrr-13-257.PMC9504528.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiology of <i>Neospora caninum</i> in Cattle of Pastoral Production System in Teltelle District of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Kula Jilo Tache,&nbsp;Yitbarek Getachew,&nbsp;Haileleul Negussie","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S377408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S377408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in smallholder dairy farms in Ethiopia. However, its status and impact in pastoral cattle production settings were uncovered. This study was performed with the aims of estimating the seroprevalence and associated potential risk factors for <i>Neospora caninum</i> in Boran cattle in Teltelle district of Borana zone, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>180 blood samples were collected from 48 randomly selected pastoral herds using a multistage sampling technique and subjected to an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to detect antibodies specific to <i>N. caninum</i>. A questionnaire survey was also used to identify the potential risk factors of <i>N. caninum</i> in the study area. Evaluation of the associated risk factors was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibodies against <i>N. caninum</i> exposure were detected in 5% of cattle (95% CI: 1.816-8.184) from 180 animals tested. Similarly, the seroprevalence of <i>N. caninum</i> in herds with at least one positive animal was 14.6% (95% CI: 4.598-24.567) from 48 herds examined. A multivariable logistic regression model identified the following as significant risk factors: a history of abortion (AOR = 23; 95% CI: 2.354-188.702; P = 0.006), dystocia (AOR = 11; 95% CI = 22.275-55.860; P = 0.003), wells water sources (AOR = 9; 95% CI: 1.599-47.568; P = 0.012), and dogs fed with raw animal products (AOR = 6; 95% CI: 11.213-27.222; P = 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed the first serological evidence of <i>N. caninum</i> exposure in cattle reared under pastoral production system. Our findings suggest <i>N. caninum</i> is likely to be an important cause of abortion and dystocia in cattle in Ethiopia. Management practices, such as provision of hygienic water and restriction of dogs fed with raw animal products, are likely to reduce the risk of infection. Thus, maximizing community awareness about these disease management practices is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/c1/vmrr-13-247.PMC9482781.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40373477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry Season <i>Eimeria</i> Infection in Dairy Cattle and Sheep in and Around Adama and Bishoftu Towns, Oromia, Ethiopia.","authors":"Dinka Ayana,&nbsp;Kebene Temesgen,&nbsp;Bersissa Kumsa,&nbsp;Gebayehu Alkadir","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S377017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S377017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Eimeria</i> infection is one of the protozoal diseases of animals caused by various species of <i>Eimeria</i> (intracellular parasite) and causes reduced productivity and mortality in ruminants, especially in young ones. Despite the fact that the disease is one of the leading causes of economic losses, there is little information in Ethiopia on the occurrence of the infection in cattle and sheep.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 in and around Adama and Bishoftu towns with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of <i>Eimeria</i> infection; identify circulating <i>Eimeria</i> oocysts, the intensity/burden of infection and associated risk factors of <i>Eimeria</i> infection in cattle and sheep. A total of 384 randomly selected (265 cattle and 119 sheep) fecal samples were collected from the rectum and examined by flotation technique using sheather's sugar solution to detect the oocysts of <i>Eimeria</i>. A 2.5% potassium dichromate solution was added to the positive fecal samples for sporulation of the oocysts.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The overall prevalence of 48.95% <i>Eimeria</i> infection was recorded during the study. 45.0% and 58% prevalence of the infection was registered in cattle and sheep, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) in <i>Eimeria</i> infection between the study animal species, age of the animals, breed, farm hygiene and management system. However, there was no significant difference in <i>Eimeria</i> infection (P > 0.05) in sex, body condition of the animals and fecal consistency. The maximum oocysts per gram of feces was found to be 10,000. <i>Eimeria</i> infection is of great importance to livestock producers and requires serious control and prevention initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"235-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/87/c0/vmrr-13-235.PMC9470120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40361131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on Pathological Changes in the Small Intestine of Sheep and Goat Experimentally Infected with <i>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</i>.","authors":"Arega Tafere,&nbsp;Getachew Terefe,&nbsp;Gezahagne Mamo,&nbsp;Tamirat Kaba,&nbsp;Jirata Shiferaw","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S365549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S365549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</i>, also called hairworm, is a genus of parasitic roundworm affecting gastro-intestinal tracts of a ruminant. Gross and microscopic lesion characterizations and comparing its effect in the small intestine of sheep and goats experimentally infected with <i>T. colubriformis</i> were undertaken in the study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During the study period, 13 sheep and 14 goats were included in the experiment. The larvae of <i>T. culibriformis</i> were obtained from abattoirs and larvae were recovered by Bearmann techniques. The infective larvae of <i>T. culibriformis</i> (L3) as a single dose of 10,000 per-animal was administered orally to infected groups of sheep and goats. Blood was collected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Tissues for gross and histopathologic lesions characterization were collected from killed infected animals at 56 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the infected group, the total recovered mean worm burden was recorded as higher in goats (<i>P</i><0.05) than sheep, with an establishment rate of 50.16% and 34.46%, respectively. The total mean PCV, Hb, and albumin values recorded in the infected groups of sheep and goats were significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) lower than non-infected control of both animal groups. In goats, the total serum protein was significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) lower in the infected group than the non-infected control group. Gross lesions found were enteritis with petechial hemorrhages, edema, hyperemia, and mucosal slough, which were marked in the duodenum (62.69%) and jejunum (33.33%) in sheep and 47.05% duodenum and 45.09% jejunum in goats. The microscopic lesions developed by <i>T. colubriformis</i> were subtotal villus atrophy, hemorrhage, straightened and elongated dilated crypts, loss of epithelium, mucosal erosion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed that <i>T. colubriformis</i> infection caused physiological and pathological changes of the small-intestine in sheep and goats, with more severe infection in goats than sheep, although they were under the same management condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"213-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/56/c0/vmrr-13-213.PMC9447457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33455430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Brucellosis: Seropositivity rates, Isolation and Molecular Detection in Southern and Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Bayeta Senbata Wakjira,&nbsp;Edilu Jorga,&nbsp;Matios Lakew,&nbsp;Abebe Olani,&nbsp;Biniam Tadesse,&nbsp;Getachew Tuli,&nbsp;Redeat Belaineh,&nbsp;Shubisa Abera,&nbsp;Getachew Kinfe,&nbsp;Solomon Gebre","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S372455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S372455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brucellosis is a neglected bacterial zoonosis with serious veterinary and public health importance throughout the world. A cross-sectional study on animal brucellosis was conducted aiming to estimate seroprevalence and molecular detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from a total of 4274 individual animals (cattle, small ruminants and camel) from 241 herds/flocks for serology and PCR. Serum samples were tested using multispecies I-ELISA. Blood clots from seropositive animals were also tested for brucellosis via PCR. Additionally, 13 vaginal swab samples were collected from animals (2 from bovine and 11 from small ruminants) with recent abortion history for bacterial isolation and molecular detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall individual animal and herd level seroprevalence was 3.95% (169/4274) and 18.26% (44/241) respectively. The animal level seroprevalence at species level was 1.58% (47/2982), 8.89% (97/1091) and 12.44% (25/201) in bovine, small ruminants (sheep and goat) and camel, respectively. Herd level seroprevalence were 5.43% (10/184), 52.08% (25/48) and 100% (9/9) in bovine, small ruminant and camel, respectively. The animal level seroprevalence of bovine from intensive and extensive systems was 1.10% (31/2808) and 2.87% (5/174) respectively. Blood clots tested for brucellosis via PCR were negative by RT-PCR. <i>Brucella</i> species was isolated from 6/13 (46.15%) vaginal swab samples cultured on <i>Brucella</i> selective agar, and shown to be <i>B. melitensis</i> using Real-Time PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, seropositivity for camels was higher than what has been reported previously. Also, there was a notable difference in this study in cattle seroprevalence when comparing extensive with intensive systems, with the extensive system having much greater seropositivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/70/da/vmrr-13-201.PMC9431773.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40346741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant Microbial Therapy Using Antimicrobial Peptides and the CRISPR/Cas9 System.","authors":"Yared Abate Getahun,&nbsp;Destaw Asfaw Ali,&nbsp;Bihonegn Wodajnew Taye,&nbsp;Yismaw Alemie Alemayehu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S366533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S366533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant microbes become a serious threat to animal and human health globally because of their less responsiveness to conventional antimicrobial therapy. Multidrug-resistant microbial infection poses higher morbidity and mortality rate with significant economic losses. Currently, antimicrobial peptides and the CRISPR/Cas9 system are explored as alternative therapy to circumvent the challenges of multidrug-resistant organisms. Antimicrobial peptides are small molecular weight, cationic peptides extracted from all living organisms. It is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of multidrug-resistant microbes by direct microbial killing or indirectly modulating the innate immune system. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is another novel antimicrobial alternative used to manage multidrug-resistant microbial infection. It is a versatile gene-editing tool that uses engineered single guide RNA for targeted gene recognition and the Cas9 enzyme for the destruction of target nucleic acids. Both the CRISPR/Cas9 system and antimicrobial peptides were used to successfully treat nosocomial infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens, which developed resistance to various antimicrobials. Despite, their valuable roles in multidrug-resistant microbial treatments, both the antimicrobial peptides and the CRISPR/Cas systems have various limitations like toxicity, instability, and incurring high manufacturing costs. Thus, this review paper gives detailed explanations of the roles of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and antimicrobial peptides in circumventing the challenges of multidrug-resistant microbial infections, its limitation and prospects in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"173-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/15/vmrr-13-173.PMC9379109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40624201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Awareness, Prevalence and Potential Determinants of Bovine Tuberculosis in Selected Districts of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Ephrem Tora,&nbsp;Minale Getachew,&nbsp;Wasihun Seyoum,&nbsp;Edget Abayneh","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S370733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S370733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is infectious chronic disease of animals mainly caused by bacillus Mycobacterium bovis. It is known endemic disease of cattle in Ethiopia. In the current study sites, there is little information on bovine tuberculosis. Thus, this study was aimed to assess public awareness; and estimate prevalence and potential a risk factors of bovine tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted, November 2018 to May 2019, on dairy cattle randomly selected from smallholder farms of Arba Minch Zuria and Chencha districts. Comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) was used in the diagnosis of bTB in dairy animals. CIDT was administered to 221 dairy cattle. Questionnaire survey was performed on 110 smallholders to assess risk factors accountable for the event of bTB in human population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>8.2% animal level prevalence of bTB was documented in the study sites. Dairy cattle with age of 4 to 8 eight years were 34% more likely to be affected by bTB less than 4 years age cattle (OR=1.34). However, factors like housing, body condition, herd size and parity were not significantly related with the event of bTB. The assessment of bTB awareness was shown 29.7% participants knew that cattle could be infected, and 13.4% of the respondents believed that it can spread from animal to human and vice versa. Besides, 66.1% of participants had habit for consumption of raw milk and soured milk products. Moreover, respondent's attitude about zoonoses and consequences of bTB was risky.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Present study discloses that bTB is animal health problem affecting dairy cattle in Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Based on the current findings, public awareness creation, bovine tuberculosis test and segregation strategy should be applied to minimize the public health hazards and risk factors for bovine origin tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a2/86/vmrr-13-163.PMC9359360.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40608755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of <i>Eimeria</i> Species in Broiler Chickens, Ethiopia.","authors":"Meskerem Adamu Chere,&nbsp;Kasech Melese,&nbsp;Yoseph Cherinet Megerssa","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S357432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S357432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Eimeria</i> is a parasitic organism causing coccidiosis, an enteric disease of major economic importance in poultry. The conventional methods for species identification of <i>Eimeria</i> have major limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh fecal samples were randomly collected from 50 small and large-scale commercial broiler farms located in Adama, Bishoftu, Dukem, and Mojo towns. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used for the differentiation of <i>Eimeria</i> species circulating among study sites and broiler farms. DNA was extracted from <i>Eimeria</i> oocytes using a DNeasy Tissue Kit. The extracted DNA templates and the genus-specific primers (Invitrogen) were used for the amplification of the ITS-1 region from seven <i>Eimeria</i> species of chicken. Descriptive statistical analysis and <i>t</i>-test were used to summarize and analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PCR result confirms that all the seven species of <i>Eimeria</i> were detected in both small and large-scale broiler farms. Prevalence variation was found among broiler farms and between study sites. The frequency of <i>E. brunetti</i> (P<0.006) and <i>E. tenella</i> (P<0.04) in the small-scale broiler farms was significantly higher compared to that of in large-scale farms. A significantly higher frequency of <i>E. acervulina</i> (P<0.03) and <i>E. brunetti</i> (P<0.03) was detected in broiler farms of Dukem and Mojo compared to the broiler farms in Bishoftu. The study also revealed that multiple infections of <i>Eimeria</i> species per sample are common in most farms. Among the evaluated small-scale broiler farms of Bishoftu, 80% showed up to 5 mixed species. In addition, about 33% of large-scale and 20% of small-scale broiler farms showed 6-7 mixed species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study characterized all the seven <i>Eimeria</i> species and revealed that multiple infections of <i>Eimeria</i> species per sample are common in most of the evaluated farms. The current findings might be useful for future anticoccidial vaccine development and for effective chemoprophylactic and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"153-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/75/vmrr-13-153.PMC9357388.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40598114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Severe Hypomagnesemia as the Primary Electrolyte Abnormality with a Delayed Onset of Clinical Signs as a Result of Refeeding Syndrome in a Cat.","authors":"Brianna Smith,&nbsp;Jeanette Hendricks,&nbsp;Steven Centola","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S358682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S358682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes severe hypomagnesemia in a cat attributed to refeeding syndrome with an onset of clinical signs from the magnesium deficiency apparent on the twelfth day following initiation of feeding. The patient initially presented in a state of cachexia from apparent malnutrition after missing from the owners care for five months. The patient was initially discharged five days after the initiation of feeding with only a mild hypokalemia apparent and requiring supplementation and returned for outpatient management. The patient presented through the emergency department on the twelfth day following the onset of feeding with the clinical signs of acute lethargy, vomiting, generalized tremors and a seizure episode and had a severe total hypomagnesemia on diagnostic bloodwork. The patient's clinical signs resolved following emergency treatment with parenteral magnesium sulfate as a continuous rate infusion and was later managed with oral magnesium hydroxide for a prolonged period of time. Electrolyte abnormalities and associated clinical signs typically occur between two and five days after initiation of feeding and up to ten days after starting food intake in humans with anorexia nervosa. This case report highlights that hypomagnesemia, while not the most common electrolyte disturbance to occur with refeeding syndrome, can occur without other significant electrolyte changes and can cause clinical signs greater than ten days following refeeding to a starving patient. This magnesium deficiency required prolonged treatment, but the patient made a complete recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/c6/vmrr-13-143.PMC9270882.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}