Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of Probiotic and Combinations of Probiotic with Prebiotics and Probiotic with Rumenotorics in Experimentally Induced Ruminal Acidosis Sheep.","authors":"Melkie Dagnaw Fenta,&nbsp;Ashenafi Assefa Gebremariam,&nbsp;Atsede Solomon Mebratu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S396979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S396979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acidosis is one of the most common rumen diseases characterized by changes in the rumen environment and the circulatory system. Recent alternative trends in rearing small ruminants have led to the use of probiotics, rumenotorics and prebiotics to treat acidosis in animals.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics and the combination of probiotics with prebiotics and probiotics with rumenotorics for the treatment of acidosis in sheep.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study was conducted from September 2018 to May 2019. For the therapeutic study, 25 sheep were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. Acidosis was induced by an oral dose of 50 g/kg with wheat flour after a 24 hour fast. Four regimens of therapy were employed: PT probiotics, PPT probiotics with prebiotics; PRT probiotics with rumenotorics and standard ST treatment were adopted. Before and after therapy, laboratory analyses on rumen fluid, serum analysis, physical signs, and hematological changes were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When probiotics were combined with rumenotorics (PRT), the mean standard deviation of rumen pH at day zero was 4.96±0.837 (PRT). Rumen pH improved from day one today three to 5.92±0.54, 6.30±041 and 6.75±0.34, respectively. The change in rumen pH was statistically significant after treatment on day 3 (p=0.002). The therapeutic regimens of PRT had improved heart rate and respiratory rate after treatment and the change was statistically significant (p=0.006 and p=0.000) compared to the control group. The PCV of the PRT treated sheep was also improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotics with rumenotorics were the most successful therapeutic regimen for the treatment of ruminal acidosis in sheep. Therefore, the use of probiotics with rumenotorics is the promising alternative for the treatment of acidosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/86/vmrr-14-63.PMC10122474.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9383852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Humoral Immune Response in Pre- and Post-Vaccinated Cattle Against Lumpy Skin Disease.","authors":"Nebyou Moje,&nbsp;Fufa Dawo Bari,&nbsp;Beksisa Urge,&nbsp;Ejigayehu Demissie","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S403127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S403127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is viral disease affecting cattle production and productivity in Ethiopia. As a prevention method, vaccinations have been used for a long period with a questionable output due to the existence of LSD outbreaks in vaccinated herds in different parts of Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal study was performed from October 2019 to April 2020 with the objective of assessing the humoral immune response of cattle with a serum neutralization test (SNT) from different management systems in central Ethiopia. In this study, theserum was collected from 113 cattle (extensive (60/113) and intensive (53/113) management systems) before and after vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>From collected sera, a limited number of cattle had seroconversion before vaccination (7.08%). On the other hand, it is obvious the seroconversion rises post vaccination. Accordingly, seroconversion starts to increase after a week (8.85% at 7 dpv) post-vaccination which proceeds to significantly increase at 30 days post vaccination (dpv) (41.65% (25/60)). Furthermore, the risk factor study before and after vaccination showed intensively managed cattle with significantly higher levels of antibody titer at 7 dpv (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 0.22, 6.2; p = 0.016) and 30 dpv (OR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.1, 12.29; p = 0.035) compared with that of extensively managed cattle. The other animal-related risk factor that showed a significant difference was breeds and a specific age group ([4½, 7] years) at 15 dpv (OR = 6.69; 95% CI = 2.02, 22.08; p = 0.002) and 30 dpv (OR = 4.24; 95% CI = 1.22, 14.71; p = 0.023); respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed an overall lower antibody detection across the study, posing a question on the current LSD-vaccine efficacy. Therefore, a circulating strain of LSDV should be cross-checked with the vaccine strain and adaptations should be made from it.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"133-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/ab/vmrr-14-133.PMC10422966.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9989919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Antibodies Against Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors in Cross Breed Dairy Cattle in Smallholder Farmers, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Mesfin Shurbe,&nbsp;Abreham Wondimu,&nbsp;Nebiyu Eshetu,&nbsp;Wasihun Seyoum,&nbsp;Ephrem Tora,&nbsp;Bekahegn Simeon,&nbsp;Tesfaye Rufael,&nbsp;Melaku Sombo","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S389738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S389738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia over a period of November 2019 and September 2020 to estimate seroprevalence and associated risk factors and assess knowledge and practices of smallholder farmers about bovine brucellosis. Two districts and four kebeles from each district were purposively selected, and individual animals were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. A total of 384 sera samples were collected, and concurrently, 236 dairy cattle owners were interviewed. The samples were tested for antibodies against <i>Brucella</i> using both Rose Bengal Plate test and Complement Fixation test following OIE standard protocol. Risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey result has shown that 95% and 97% of the small holder farmers did not know the cause and symptoms of bovine brucellosis, respectively, and the majority have engaged in risky practices. Eight (2.08%) of the collected serum samples were positive with screening test (RBT) and only six (1.5%) were positive with confirmatory test (CFT). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between herd sizes and the disease. The seropositivity of the disease is higher in small-sized herds followed by medium-sized herds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis was found to be at a low percentage with confirmatory tests even if there was a presence of associated risk factors for the disease in the study area. Again, the results suggest that smallholder farmers have poor knowledge and risky practices, which expose them to the disease. Awareness creation about the disease is of paramount importance even if the prevalence was low in this serological study. The implementation of a test and slaughter program before the disease becomes widespread, along with the testing of new stock before introduction to the farms is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/d1/vmrr-14-23.PMC10024874.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9513905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized, Self-Controlled Case Series Evaluating Core Osteostixis of Osseous Cyst-Like Lesions of the Navicular Bone to Improve Lameness in Horses with Podotrochlear Syndrome.","authors":"Bo A Brock,&nbsp;Hunter R Greer,&nbsp;Clifford M Honnas,&nbsp;Brad E Gilleland,&nbsp;Myra F Barrett,&nbsp;James N Moore,&nbsp;Noah D Cohen","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S399835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S399835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Podotrochlear syndrome is a common cause of lameness in Quarter Horses involving both soft tissue and bony structures within the heel region. Current surgical treatment of podotrochlear syndrome addresses pathological changes affecting the soft tissue structures of the navicular region but does not address either edema or cyst-like lesions of the navicular bone.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this randomized, self-controlled case series was to determine whether core osteostixis improved lameness in Quarter Horses with podotrochlear syndrome characterized by bilateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of osseous cyst-like lesions of the navicular bone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven Quarter Horses that had not responded to standard medical management were included. Each horse had an affected forefoot randomly assigned to surgical treatment with navicular bursoscopy and core osteostixis; the contralateral limb was assigned to navicular bursoscopy only. Video recordings were used to assign lameness scores and make comparisons of each limb at baseline and 24 weeks post-operatively by an observer blinded to the surgical treatment. A second MRI was performed 24 weeks after surgery to reevaluate navicular bone edema, osseous cyst-like lesions of the navicular bone, and tears of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reduction of lameness score from baseline was significantly (P = 0.0254) greater for the limbs treated with core osteostixis than limbs treated with bursoscopy. New DDFT tears were noted in 3 of 7 limbs treated with core osteostixis and in 1 of 7 bursoscopy limbs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of this study suggest that core osteostixis of the navicular bone combined with navicular bursoscopy can improve lameness in horses with osseous cyst-like lesions. Further evaluation of this technique is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/1d/vmrr-14-35.PMC10024883.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9513906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Some Biochemical Parameters in Sheep and Goat Serum Stored at -20℃.","authors":"Yoseph Cherinet Megerssa","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S391254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S391254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Veterinary Medicine biochemical investigation of serum is widely used to aid diagnosis and treatment. However, delays usually happen between sampling and analysis. As a result, the serum is stored in refrigerators. In this regard, information on the effects of temperature and storage duration on the stability of the analyte is incomplete in general and its effect in sheep and goat serum is not described. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the stability of selected biochemical analytes from sheep and goat serum following storage at -20℃ for 2 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum from 20 apparently healthy male 2-2.5 year-old sheep and goats was obtained and aliquots of serum from each sample were kept in three tubes. The first tube is for baseline (T0), which is done within an hour, while the other two (T1 and T2) are stored at -20℃ for 1 and 2 months, respectively. Total protein, albumin, urea, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were assayed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that storage temperature and duration for up to 2 months had no significant effect on any analytes except for urea in goats. The changes in terms of total observed error (TE_o) for total protein; albumin and urea were greater than the acceptable values in both animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, further studies are required to assure alteration of analyte at various storage temperatures and duration. In addition, implementation of quality systems to achieve quality targets for analytes with greater TE_o as compared to the established TE_a is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"323-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/08/vmrr-13-323.PMC9695570.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40514569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study on the Epidemiology of Anthrax Among Livestock from 2011 to 2020 in Awi Administrative Zone, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Alemu Fetene Seyoum,&nbsp;Abebe Belete Bitew,&nbsp;Haileleul Negussie","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S384794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S384794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Ethiopia, anthrax is the second most important zoonotic disease, next to rabies. Data quantifying occurrence and distribution of animal anthrax in Awi administrative zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia, are limited. Thus, this study was conducted to describe the distribution of animal anthrax between 2011 and 2020 in Awi zone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used secondary data of animal anthrax that occurred in the Awi zone and reported to the Regional and National Veterinary Authority between 2011 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1262 cases of anthrax in animals and 324 animals that died due to anthrax were reported. The highest number of anthrax cases were reported in 2012 (n = 671), sharing 48.9% of the 10-year animal anthrax reported. However, the highest number of animal death due to anthrax (n = 104) was reported in 2014. The overall case fatality rate of anthrax was 25.67% (n = 324). The highest animal anthrax cases (n = 984; 77.97%) and deaths (n = 259; 79.94%) were recorded in Bovine. The highest cases of anthrax were registered in May (n = 313), while no anthrax case was reported during December. The highest and lowest number of animal death due to anthrax were reported during July (n = 64) and January (n = 6), respectively. The highest number of anthrax cases was reported in the hot-dry season (n = 479; 37.96%) whereas the lowest was reported during the cold-dry season (n = 30; 2.38%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study revealed a considerable number of animal anthrax cases and deaths in Awi zone every year. Hence, it is necessary for practicing prevention strategies including immunization programs before the peak season of anthrax outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"313-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9a/45/vmrr-13-313.PMC9639593.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40476279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of <i>Escherichia coli</i> as Bio-Indicator of Contamination of Fish Food and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Along the Value Chain in Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Halo Yohans,&nbsp;Birhan Agmas Mitiku,&nbsp;Habtamu Tassew","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S373738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S373738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Microbiological contamination in fish origin foods is the leading risk for public health. Among the range of pathogenic bacterial species that cause fish food borne diseases is <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The pathogenic strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> cause diarrhea by producing and releasing toxins and can also be the cause of food spoilage in fish.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess hygienic practices of fish handlers, to evaluate bacterial load and antimicrobial resistance patterns of <i>Escherichia coli</i> along the fish value chain in Northwest Ethiopia. Systematic and purposive sampling techniques were used for uncooked and cooked fish samples respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 180 fish samples, 36 (20%) were positive for <i>Escherichia coli</i>. From 115 uncooked and 65 cooked fish samples examined, 27 (23.5%) and 9 (13.8%) had <i>E. coli respectively</i>. The highest mean bacterial count was observed in raw fish samples (6.13 × 10⁵ cfu/g), followed by cooked fish samples (2.81 × 10⁴ cfu/g). Among the interviewed fish handlers, 83.3%, 76.7% and 80% of respondents had good knowledge and attitude towards using a clean cutting-and-filleting board, storing raw and cooked foods separately and using an apron for reducing the risk of fish contamination, respectively. All 36 isolates were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. Of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates subjected to tetracycline, 55.6% were resistant, 8.3% were intermediate and 36.1% were susceptible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>This study revealed that there was a lack hygienic practice and high <i>Escherichia coli</i> profiles were observed. Hence, it could be wise to advise the fish harvesters, fish traders, hotels and restaurants about fish food safety practices from harvesting to consumption to improve fish food safety practices and quality standards of fish harvested and sold in northwest Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"299-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/df/vmrr-13-299.PMC9637335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40673492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Poultry Feed in Selected Chicken Rearing Villages of Bishoftu Ethiopia.","authors":"Tadesse Sisay Kassaw,&nbsp;Yoseph Cherinet Megerssa,&nbsp;Fanos Tadesse Woldemariyam","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S384148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S384148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aflatoxins (AFs) are major contaminants of feed used in the poultry industry that negatively affect animal and human health. In Ethiopia, previous studies on AFs mainly considered cattle feed and milk but scarce information exists for poultry feeds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of AFs in poultry feed in selected chicken rearing villages of Bishoftu. The study was conducted from December 2018 to May 2019. Thirty-three compound poultry feed samples were collected and analyzed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) and total AFs (AFT) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The moisture content of the samples was also determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result indicated that 31 (94%) from a total of 33 samples were contaminated with AFs. The mean levels of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFT were 70.11 µg/kg, 13.50 µg/kg, 88.55 µg/kg, 18.00 µg/kg and 190.18 µg/kg, respectively. This study found AFs at a level above the limit of FDA regulatory levels of 20 µg/kg in 25 (72.75%) samples for AFT and 22 (66.67%) samples for AFB1. The analysis of moisture content of the samples, ranges from 7.33% to 11.17%, indicating all were at optimal value (<12%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed the high contamination of AFs in poultry feeds with optimal moisture content and hence further investigations are needed to address the cause. The study also supports the need for preventive strategies of AFs contamination in poultry feeds in Bishoftu.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"277-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7d/23/vmrr-13-277.PMC9586162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40583027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Detection of Marek's Disease Virus from Outbreak Cases in Chicken in South Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Abdela Bulbula,&nbsp;Bizunesh Borena,&nbsp;Biniam Tadesse,&nbsp;Abde Aliy,&nbsp;Demessa Negessu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S376795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S376795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Marek's disease virus is a devastating infection, causing high morbidity and mortality in chickens in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study was conducted from March to November, 2021 with the general objective of performing antemortem and postmortem, isolation, and molecular detection of Marek's disease virus from outbreak cases in southwestern Ethiopia. Accordingly, based on outbreak information reported from the study sites namely, Bedelle, Yayo, and Bonga towns in southwestern Ethiopia, 50 sick chickens were sampled. The backyard and intensive farming systems of chickens were included in the sampling and priorities were given for chickens that showed clinical signs that are characteristics of Marek's disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By clinical examinations, paralysis of legs and wings, gray eye, loss of weight, difficulty in breathing, and depression were recorded on all chickens sampled for this study and death of diseased chickens was observed. In addition, enlargement of the spleen and gross lesions of the liver and heart were recorded during postmortem examination. The death of infected chickens was observed in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated flocks. Out of 50 pooled feather follicle samples, Marek's disease virus was isolated from 14/50 (28%) by cell culture method and out of six tissue samples, the virus was isolated from 5/6(83.30%). By Real time polymerization chain reaction technique, which was targeted to detect the Meq gene, Marek's disease virus was detected from 18/50 feather follicles which accounts for 36% of sampled chickens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, current study showed that the circulating Marek's disease virus in southwestern Ethiopia was caused by the oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus-2 (Serotype-1). Further research on molecular characterization of revolving virus in current and other regions is recommended for effective control of the disease through vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/87/vmrr-13-265.PMC9527818.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus Antibodies in Ovine in Maji District of West Omo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Tamirat Haile,&nbsp;Mulugeta Abera,&nbsp;Tsegaye Teklemariam,&nbsp;Demeke Sibhatu,&nbsp;Fasil Asres","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S375482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S375482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bluetongue (BT) disease is an arthropod-transmitted viral disease of domestic and wild ruminant species caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV). It is of most importance in sheep and endemic primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions where vectors (<i>Culicoides</i> species) are present.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in July-November 2019 to examine the seroprevalence of BTV infection in ovine in Maji district of West Omo zone. Serum samples were examined for the presence of specific antibodies of BTV using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) test. The collected data was coded and analyzed using STATA version 13 software. Associations between sero-prevalence and its risk factors were tested in a Chi-square analysis and with a <i>P</i><0.05 were considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The individual animal prevalence was revealed as 39.23% (153/390). Herd size prevalence was: small size herd (37.42%; 61/163), medium size herd (32.35%; 55/170), and large size herd (64.91%; 37/57). Species-based prevalence showed ovine (38.00%; 141/371) and caprine (63.15%; 12/19). Age-based prevalence revealed adult (39.26%; 150/382) and young (37.5%; 3/8). The cumulative sex prevalence for both ovine and caprine was male (37.95%; 52/137) and female (39.92%; 101/253).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current prevalence of BTV antibodies in the area was found to be high. Lack of application of bluetongue disease control mechanisms like vaccination for the animals is a key factors for the high prevalence of the disease in the areas besides the existence of the vectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/1c/vmrr-13-257.PMC9504528.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}