Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Rate of Beta-Lactam Resistance and Epidemiological Features of <i>S. Aureus-Associated Bovine Mastitis</i> in Cross-Bred Ethiopian Cows: Systematic Review.","authors":"Melkie Dagnaw, Marshet Bazezew, Bemrew Mengistu, Birhan Anagaw, Atsede Solomon Mebratu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S415339","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S415339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dairy cows get mastitis from a common infection called Staphylococcus aureus. Because of its broad distribution across diverse populations and capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance, this particular bacterial strain presents a serious threat to public health. The main goals of this study were to determine the beta-lactam resistance profile of <i>S. aureus</i> in Ethiopian dairy cows and to offer thorough epidemiological data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed manual searches, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar HINARI for electronic bibliographic data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six epidemiological studies were included in this systematic review. Of these studies, 12 articles in Oromia, 4 articles in Addis Ababa, 4 articles in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's (SNNPRS), 3 articles in Tigray, and 3 articles in Amhara region. The average prevalence <i>S. aureus</i> were 34.3% in Oromia, 40.2% in Amhara, 39.5 in AA, 40% in Tigray and 21% in SNNPRS. The antimicrobial resistance rate of <i>S. aureus</i>, specifically in relation to beta-lactam drugs, exhibited an average estimation. Notably, penicillin resistance reached a rate of 75%, while amoxicillin resistance stood at 67%. Furthermore, it was determined that, when treating S. aureus, the resistance rates to ampicillin and cephalosporin were 50% and 57%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this analysis have demonstrated a considerable rise in <i>S. aureus</i> prevalence and beta-lactam resistance within the Ethiopian geographic environment. This emphasizes the critical need for alternate therapeutic approaches and preventative measures in order to successfully lessen the disease's extensive spread and detrimental effects across the nation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"15 ","pages":"39-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10908337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Common Bacterial Infections in Dairy Calves and Advanced Strategies for Health Management.","authors":"Dereje Tulu Robi, Tesfa Mossie, Shiferaw Temteme","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S452925","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S452925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dairy farming faces a significant challenge of bacterial infections in dairy calves, which can have detrimental effects on their health and productivity. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the most prevalent bacterial infections in dairy calves, including <i>Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella enterica, Clostridium perfringens, Pasteurella multocida, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma bovis</i>, and <i>Haemophilus somnus</i>. These pathogens can cause various clinical signs and symptoms, leading to diarrhea, respiratory distress, septicemia, and even mortality. Factors such as management practices, environmental conditions, and herd health influence the incidence and severity of the infections. Efficient management and prevention strategies include good colostrum and nutrient feeding, early detection, appropriate treatment, hygiene practices, and supportive care. Regular health monitoring and diagnostic tests facilitate early detection and intervention. The use of antibiotics should be judicious to prevent antimicrobial resistance and supportive care such as fluid therapy and nutritional support promotes recovery. Diagnostic methods, including immunological tests, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology, aid in the identification of specific pathogens. This review also explores recent advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bacterial infections in dairy calves, providing valuable insights for dairy farmers, veterinarians, and researchers. By synthesizing pertinent scientific literature, this review contributes to the development of effective strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of bacterial infections on the health, welfare, and productivity of young calves. Moreover, more research is required to enhance the understanding of the epidemiology and characterization of bacterial infections in dairy calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"15 ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10822132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Detection of <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> and <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> from Clinically Pneumonic Pasteurellosis Cases of Bonga Sheep Breed and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests in Selected Areas of Southwest Ethiopian Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia.","authors":"Solomon Addisu Alemu, Yosef Deneke Belachew, Takele Abayneh Tefera","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S435932","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S435932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a respiratory system disease of sheep caused by <i>Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida</i>, and <i>Bibersteinia trehalosi</i> responsible for the low productivity and economic loss resulting from death and treatment costs. This study was conducted to isolate and molecularly detect causative agents and antibiotic susceptibility tests from a nasal swab sample of the Bonga sheep breed that was suspected to have pneumonic pasteurellosis in selected areas of Southwest Ethiopian Peoples Regional State.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was used along with purposive sampling of nasal swab samples from sheep that were brought to veterinary clinics during the study period. Bacterial isolation and phenotypic characterization were carried out using microbiological and biochemical tests that followed standard microbiological techniques. To molecularly confirm the isolates, <i>PHSSA</i> and <i>KMT1</i>, species-specific PCR primer genes were used. Using the disc diffusion method, molecularly confirmed isolates were subjected to an in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 85 samples that were scrutinized had an overall isolation rate of 31.76%, whereas the isolates of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> and <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> had species compositions of 40.7% and 59.25%, respectively. Overall, 12.5% of the <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> and 18.18% of the <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> species were verified from phenotypical isolates using the species-specific PCR primer genes <i>PHSSA</i> and <i>KMT1</i>, respectively. An in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out on all four PCR-confirmed isolates for seven commonly used antibiotics used to treat ovine pasteurellosis in the study area. It was found that both bacterial species were resistant to chloramphenicol and penicillin G.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using phenotypic and molecular diagnostic techniques, the results of our current inquiry revealed that <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> and <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> are the causative agents of ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"233-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10757770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139076103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Bovine Trematodiases and Associated Risk Factors in Nyagatare District, Rwanda.","authors":"Margaret Tumusiime, Jean Christian Manishimwe, Pie Ntampaka","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S430581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S430581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trematodiases cause significant financial losses to livestock worldwide and some of which are zoonotic, raising public health concerns. In Rwanda, information on the prevalence of bovine trematodiases is scanty, and this hampers efforts to control and prevent them in the country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine trematodiases in Nyagatare district and associated risk factors. One hundred cattle were randomly selected for this study and faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum to identify trematode eggs using a simple sedimentation technique. To analyze the data, frequencies, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the prevalence of bovine trematodiases was 69%, and <i>Paramphistomum</i> spp. predominated (69%), followed by <i>Dicrocoelium</i> spp. (23%), <i>Fasciola</i> spp. (20%), and <i>Echinostoma</i> spp. (1.0%). The study also recorded mixed paramphistomiasis, fascioliasis and dicrocoeliasis (11.6%), paramphistomiasis and fascioliasis (15.9%) as well as paramphistomiasis and dicrocoeliasis (20.3%). The odds of having trematodiasis (mono or mixed fascioliasis and dicrocoeliasis) for the cow located in Barija cell (AOR = 0.143; 95% C.I. 0.026-0.793) were 14% lower compared to those of developing such parasitosis for the cow located in Bushoga cell.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, the study shows that trematodes are a significant contributor to lowering livestock production and productivity and pose a threat to human health. Different approaches should be applied to prevent and control the trematodiases in cows and other livestock (sheep and goats) and reduce the risk of contracting fascioliasis and echinostomiasis in humans in Nyagatare district, Rwanda.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control.","authors":"Dereje Tulu Robi, Tesfa Mossie, Shiferaw Temteme","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S442374","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S442374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eukaryotic infections are common among dairy calves and can have significant impacts on their health and growth rates. Fungal infections caused by <i>Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton verrucosum</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> can cause respiratory diseases, dermatophytosis, and diarrhea, respectively. Protozoan parasites, including <i>Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis</i>, and <i>Eimeria spp</i>., are also common in dairy calves. <i>C. parvum</i> is highly contagious and can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, while <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> can lead to poor growth and is transmissible to humans through contaminated food or water. <i>Eimeria spp</i>. can cause coccidiosis and lead to reduced growth rates, poor feed conversion, and death. The common helminthic infections in dairy calves include <i>Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp., Fasciola hepatica</i>, and <i>Strongyloides papillosus</i>. These parasitic infections significantly impact calf health, growth, and dairy industry productivity. Diagnosis of these infections can be made through fecal samples using microscopy or molecular methods. However, diagnosis of the infections can be challenging and requires a combination of clinical signs and laboratory tests such as culture and PCR. Preventing and controlling eukaryotic infections in dairy calves requires several measures. Good hygiene and sanitation practices, proper management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are important. It is also necessary to avoid overcrowding and consider vaccination against ringworm. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and characterization of eukaryotic infections in dairy calves, which will help in the development of more effective prevention and control strategies. In general, good hygiene practices, appropriate management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are crucial in preventing and controlling the infections, ensuring the health and well-being of dairy calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"195-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10697087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthelmintic Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Communally-Grazing Goats in Humbo District, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Tekle Alaro, Fitsum Dulo, Wondimu Wodajo, Lemlem Mathewos","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S434584","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S434584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) is currently present worldwide and a major challenge to goat production. However, no updated information is available on this topic in the study area. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics on GINs in naturally-infected goats and assessed farmers' perception of anthelmintic utilization practices in Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The field experiments for routinely used anthelmintics, namely, albendazole, ivermectin, and tetramisole, were conducted from September 2022 to April 2023. Sixty naturally-infected goats with nematodes were selected based on egg count (≥150 eggs per gram of feces) and allocated randomly into four groups (15 animals per group). Then, fecal samples were collected pre- and post-treatment and examined for fecal egg count reduction (FECRT) to determine the AR status of goat GINs. The modified McMaster technique using standard floatation was used for quantifying the eggs. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess anthelmintic utilization practices among goat owners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FECR levels for albendazole, ivermectin, and tetramisole were 94.6, 95.9, and 97.3%, respectively. By coproculture, the nematode genera identified before treatment were Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, and Chabertia Species. However, post-treatment fecal cultures showed that some Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, and Strongyloides spp. did not respond to the treatments. The questionnaire survey revealed that albendazole was the most commonly used anthelmintic to treat nematode infection in goats. Respondents expressed that anthelmintic treatment was utilized based on veterinarian prescription (59%), availability (32%), efficacy (4%), and affordability (5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tetramisole should be used cautiously to prevent the development of resistant strains, as it was still effective in the study area. Additionally, regular monitoring of anthelmintic effectiveness is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10695478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Epidemiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract Nematode Parasites in Sheep in Toke Kutaye, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Chaltu Desalegn,&nbsp;Gemechu Berhanu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S427828","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S427828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastrointestinal tract nematodes are considered to be the most significant and underestimated problems that hinder sheep productivity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal tract nematode infestation of sheep in the Toke Kutaye District of West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal tract nematode parasite infestation in sheep. Faecal samples were collected from 384 sheep and subjected to coprological examination, including direct smear, flotation techniques, and Baermann techniques for screening and identifying gastrointestinal nematodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal tract nematode parasite infestation in sheep in the study area was 284 (73.96%). From the total positive cases, males and females were 97 (82.91%) and 187 (70.04%), respectively. The predominantly detected gastrointestinal tract nematodes of sheep in the study area were <i>Trichostrongylus</i> 111 (28.91%), <i>Oestartagia</i> 55 (14.32%), <i>Haemonchus</i> 42 (10.94%), <i>Oesophagostomum</i> 48 (12.50%), and <i>Trichuris</i> 23 (5.99%). Mixed nematode eggs were noticed in some of the sheep beside the single type of nematode eggs, with a prevalence of 85 (22.14%). The relationship in the occurrence of parasites between sex, age groups, body conditions, and seasons was statistically significant (P = 0.008, P = 0.014, P = 0.001 and P = 0.003), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study is of great importance to add to the existing knowledge of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal tract nematodes of sheep, and the findings are very important to apply the proper control and prevention strategies for gastrointestinal tract nematodes of sheep in the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e3/4b/vmrr-14-177.PMC10559793.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Use, Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance and Residue in Veterinary Professionals and Farmers in Selected Districts of Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Sagni Ragassa,&nbsp;Gemechu Berhanu","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S423141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S423141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobials have a crucial role in reducing mortality and morbidity in animals, but misuse of them may cause antimicrobial resistance and residues which are challenging in animal production and public health. These problems are mostly aggravated in developing countries including Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assessment of antibiotic use, awareness of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial residue in veterinary professionals and farmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to August 2022 in three districts (Seyo, Hawa Gelan, and Dale Sadi) of the Kellem Wollega zone, selected by purposive sampling. The study population was farmers and veterinary professionals. Data was collected from a total of 312 respondents; 230 farmers and 82 veterinary professionals using interviews and questionnaires, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 312 total respondents, 230 (73.71%) were farmers and 82 (26.28%) were veterinary professionals. From the farmer respondents, 127 (55.22%), 153 (66.52%), and 142 (61.74%) had an awareness of antibiotics and their usage, antimicrobial resistance, and withdrawal period, respectively. Out of 82 veterinary professional respondents, 92.68% practice dose calculation during animal treatment, 79.27% diagnose systemic infections by tentative diagnosis, 85.37% have no laboratory facility for bacterial disease, and 81.71% give broad-spectrum antibiotics for undifferentiated cases. The income type of respondents looks to have a strong association (P < 0.05) with awareness of antibiotics (OR: 3.427, SE: 1.404, CI: 1.535-7.654), antimicrobial resistance (OR: 3.536, SE: 1.339, CI: 1.683-7.430) and withdrawal periods (OR: 3.297, SE: 1.267, CI: 1.552-7.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows most farmers have awareness about antibiotics and their use, antimicrobial resistance, and residue but inappropriate use of antimicrobials in farmers and lack of laboratory facilities in most veterinary professionals observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"159-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/e3/vmrr-14-159.PMC10542589.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41163813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle in and Around Hosanna Town, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Dembelo Tiele,&nbsp;Ephrem Sebro,&nbsp;Deginet H/Meskel,&nbsp;Mesfin Mathewos","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S389787","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VMRR.S389787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastrointestinal parasites are ubiquitous parasitic agents of cattle all over the world, and cause both clinical and subclinical parasitism that results in significant financial losses. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and the risk variables related to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites in cattle in Hossana town and the nearby area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On a total of 400 faecal samples, a cross-sectional investigation with a random sampling technique was carried out utilizing a coprologic parasitological examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and sixty-nine (67.2%) of the 400 faecal samples analyzed had one or more gastrointestinal parasites. Of this, 163 (40.75%) cattle had two or more parasites while a single infection was recorded in 106 (26.5%) cattle. Mixed infection of <i>Strongyle+Fasciola</i> (14%) was found a higher prevalence followed by <i>Strongyle+Paramphistomum</i> (7.75%) as compared to other GIT parasite combination. Major classes of parasites recorded include Trematodes, Nematodes, Cestodes, and Protozoa. The major parasites observed were <i>Strongyle type</i> (18.25%), <i>Paramphistomum</i> (9.5%), <i>Fasciola</i> (8.25%), <i>Toxocara</i> (3.25%) and <i>Eimeria</i> (2.75%). <i>Strongyle type</i> eggs were the most predominant type of eggs identified while <i>Trichuris</i> (2.25%) and <i>Moniezia</i> (1.5%) were observed to have relatively lowprevalence. There was a high relationship between risk factors such as age, body condition, and management system with the prevalence of GIT parasites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high frequency of GIT parasite infection in cattle in the research area necessitates the strategic deworming and effective management practices necessary for gastrointestinal parasite eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9d/97/vmrr-14-1.PMC9863452.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10619174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Aural and Rectal Temperature in Dogs Presenting to an Emergency Room.","authors":"Rebecca Smith,&nbsp;Alicia Mastrocco,&nbsp;Jennifer Prittie,&nbsp;Joel Weltman","doi":"10.2147/VMRR.S411935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S411935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare rectal and aural temperatures in canines presenting to a small animal emergency room.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We performed a prospective cohort study conducted between June 2022 and October 2022. One hundred and fifty-two dogs were evaluated that were presented to a private practice emergency room. Temperatures were obtained on presentation using both an aural Braun ExacTemp and a rectal Vet-Temp Rapid Digital Thermometer. The order of temperature measurement was randomized and recorded. Dogs were classified into three groups based on recorded temperature; normothermic (n = 105), hypothermic (n = 24), and hyperthermic (n = 23). Additional recorded parameters included: patient signalment, heart rate, respiratory rate, presence or absence of aural debris, coat length (classified as short, medium or long), body weight, body condition score, pain score, as well as venous lactate and non-invasive blood pressure, if performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall aural temperatures were significantly lower than rectal temperatures. The average rectal and aural temperatures were 38.7°C (range 36.6-40.7°C) and 38.3°C (range 35.7°C-40.4°C), respectively. Among all canines, there was a moderate, statistically significant relationship between rectal and aural temperatures (r = 0.636; p < 0.001) and this relationship remained significant with a weaker relationship for normothermic dogs (r = 0.411; p < 0.001). For hyperthermic and hypothermic dogs, there was not a statistically significant relationship between rectal and aural temperatures. Hyperthermic dogs had a significantly higher respiratory rate than other groups and hypothermic dogs were more likely to have a short haircoat. Lastly, ambient temperature, but not humidity, influenced patient temperature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found aural temperatures were consistently lower than rectal temperatures in dogs with both normal and abnormal rectal temperatures. Aural thermometry may not be an acceptable method of temperature measurement in the emergency patient cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":75300,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"14 ","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/43/vmrr-14-125.PMC10387255.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9919757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}