Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control.

IF 1.7 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.2147/VMRR.S442374
Dereje Tulu Robi, Tesfa Mossie, Shiferaw Temteme
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Eukaryotic infections are common among dairy calves and can have significant impacts on their health and growth rates. Fungal infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Candida albicans can cause respiratory diseases, dermatophytosis, and diarrhea, respectively. Protozoan parasites, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis, and Eimeria spp., are also common in dairy calves. C. parvum is highly contagious and can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, while Giardia duodenalis can lead to poor growth and is transmissible to humans through contaminated food or water. Eimeria spp. can cause coccidiosis and lead to reduced growth rates, poor feed conversion, and death. The common helminthic infections in dairy calves include Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp., Fasciola hepatica, and Strongyloides papillosus. These parasitic infections significantly impact calf health, growth, and dairy industry productivity. Diagnosis of these infections can be made through fecal samples using microscopy or molecular methods. However, diagnosis of the infections can be challenging and requires a combination of clinical signs and laboratory tests such as culture and PCR. Preventing and controlling eukaryotic infections in dairy calves requires several measures. Good hygiene and sanitation practices, proper management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are important. It is also necessary to avoid overcrowding and consider vaccination against ringworm. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and characterization of eukaryotic infections in dairy calves, which will help in the development of more effective prevention and control strategies. In general, good hygiene practices, appropriate management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are crucial in preventing and controlling the infections, ensuring the health and well-being of dairy calves.

小牛真核感染:影响、诊断和预防控制策略。
真核感染在奶牛中很常见,对它们的健康和生长速度有重大影响。由烟曲霉、疣状毛癣菌和白色念珠菌引起的真菌感染分别可引起呼吸道疾病、皮肤病和腹泻。原生动物寄生虫,包括小隐孢子虫、十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫和艾美耳球虫,在奶牛中也很常见。小梭菌具有高度传染性,可引起严重腹泻和脱水,而十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫可导致生长不良,并通过受污染的食物或水传播给人类。艾美耳球虫可引起球虫病,导致生长率降低、饲料转化率差和死亡。奶牛中常见的蠕虫感染包括牡蛎绦虫、库伯氏绦虫、肝片吸虫和乳头状圆线虫。这些寄生虫感染严重影响小牛的健康、生长和乳制品行业的生产力。这些感染的诊断可以通过使用显微镜或分子方法通过粪便样本进行。然而,感染的诊断可能具有挑战性,需要结合临床症状和实验室检测,如培养和PCR。预防和控制奶牛真核感染需要采取一些措施。良好的个人卫生和环境卫生习惯、适当的管理策略以及及时治疗受感染动物非常重要。也有必要避免过度拥挤,并考虑接种预防癣的疫苗。需要进一步研究以更好地了解奶牛真核感染的流行病学和特征,这将有助于制定更有效的预防和控制策略。总的来说,良好的卫生习惯、适当的管理策略和对受感染动物的及时治疗对于预防和控制感染、确保奶牛的健康和福祉至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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