Research on Chemical Intermediates最新文献

{"title":"Eco-friendly fabrication of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles via mixed leaf extracts and their enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial performance","authors":"Swati. K. Patil,&nbsp;Shivanand B. Teli,&nbsp;Kiran. S. Dhanavade,&nbsp;K. M. Garadkar","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06133-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06133-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Mangifera indica L and Azadirachta indica</i> mixed leaf extract is used to prepare TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs), where phytochemicals like phytol helps to stabilize the nanoparticles. From XRD analysis, green TiO₂ NPs show an anatase crystalline structure, with 5.06 nm in size. TEM images show that the shape of TiO₂ NPs is mostly irregular, with a mixture of quasi-spherical shape (5–10 nm). BET surface analysis value (115 m²/g) indicated an extensive active surface. TiO₂ NPs show significant antioxidant properties along with an excellent and effective efficiency against <i>E. coli and S. aureus</i>. The paraquat pesticide photodegraded by generating reactive oxygen species, using TiO₂ NPs (95% photodegradation in 120 min. under UV–Vis. light). In addition, this study presents an eco-friendly and sustainable method for creating multifunctional TiO₂ NPs that can be used in environmental cleanup and biomedical applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7547 - 7570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Cyclodextrin in water: an efficient catalytic system for the synthesis of a new structurally diverse bis(pyrazolyl)methanes in water","authors":"Ravindra Chigare,&nbsp;Siddharth Kamat,&nbsp;Archana Rajmane,&nbsp;Arjun Kumbhar","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06135-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06135-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An eco-friendly, one-pot, three-component reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, phenylhydrazine, and ethyl acetoacetate was conducted in water using <i>β</i>-cyclodextrin (<i>β</i>-CD) as an efficient and recyclable catalyst. The reaction proceeds via a Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes and the first molecule of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, followed by a Michael addition of the second molecule of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, producing bioactive and medicinally important 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol) derivatives in good to excellent yields within a short reaction time. Furthermore, the <i>β</i>-CD can be easily recovered and reused at least 5 times, with a decrease in product yield from 95% in the 1st run to 84% in the 6th run. The proposed method achieves moderate to excellent yields (89–96%) in 20–60 min and offers a simple, convenient, and sustainable synthetic approach that aligns with green chemistry principles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7571 - 7589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical composition and cosmeceutical-related bioactivities of Canscora lucidissima (H. Lév. & Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz","authors":"Thi Thu le Vu,&nbsp;San-Lang Wang,&nbsp;Thanh Hue Pham,&nbsp;Dao Viet Hung,&nbsp;Van Quynh Giang,&nbsp;Thi Kim An Nguyen,&nbsp;Minh Quy Bui,&nbsp;Tu Quy Phan,&nbsp;Manh Dung Doan,&nbsp;Van Bon Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06129-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06129-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Canscora lucidissima</i> (H. Lév. &amp; Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz. is a Vietnamese ethnomedicinal plant traditionally associated with anti-inflammatory use, yet its cosmeceutical potential remains poorly defined. This study provides an integrated evaluation of the phytochemical composition and cosmeceutical-related bioactivities of <i>C. lucidissima</i> solvent extracts, including antioxidant capacity, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial effects, together with in silico analyses of the identified phytochemicals covering molecular interactions, electronic features, and predicted ADME properties. Among the extracts, ethyl acetate showed the most consistent bioactivity profile, with the strongest tyrosinase inhibition (IC₅₀ = 195.24 µg/mL), α-amylase inhibition, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities, and antibacterial effects against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The ethanol extract exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (IC₅₀ = 96.46 µg/mL). Phytochemical screening and UHPLC-UV-based quantification revealed a solvent-dependent distribution of secondary metabolites. Exploratory PCA and Pearson correlation analyses indicated associations between the biological responses and phenolic/flavonoid profiles, particularly catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin, but these associations should not be interpreted as evidence of causality. Molecular docking analysis identified rutin, quercitrin, and chlorogenic acid as potential ligands for tyrosinase (2Y9X), with rutin exhibiting the most favorable predicted binding affinity. Its HOMO–LUMO gap also suggested favorable electronic characteristics. ADME prediction indicated that quercetin and apigenin possessed the most balanced drug-likeness and permeability-related profiles, whereas highly polar glycosides were mainly limited by reduced passive absorption. Overall, this study provides an integrated preliminary assessment of the phytochemical profile, cosmeceutical-related bioactivities, and computational characteristics of <i>C. lucidissima</i>, highlighting its potential for further investigation as a multifunctional botanical ingredient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7877 - 7911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and characterization of a thiazolo-pyrimidin-amine functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2@GLYMO nanocatalyst for green synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran derivatives","authors":"Azam Karimian,&nbsp;Azadeh Nozari","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06131-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06131-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a new magnetically separable nanocatalyst, Thiazolo-pyrimidin-amine functionalized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GLYMO (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–Gly–ThzPyrAm), was successfully designed and synthesized in accordance with green chemistry strategies. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), providing complementary evidence for its chemical functionalities, morphology, elemental composition, and magnetic properties. The prepared nanocatalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic activity for the green synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4<i>H</i>-pyran derivatives via a one-pot Knoevenagel–Michael–cyclization reaction involving aldehydes, dimedone, and malononitrile. A wide variety of the desired products were obtained within 35 min in excellent isolated yields (92–98%) under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the magnetic catalyst was readily separated from the reaction mixture with the aid of an external magnet and retained its catalytic efficiency over at least five consecutive cycles with only a slight reduction in activity. The combination of operational simplicity, high catalytic efficiency, magnetic recoverability, and reusability highlights the potential of this catalytic system as a sustainable and efficient platform for environmentally friendly organic synthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7931 - 7951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple-role β-cyclodextrin functionalized silver nanoparticles for selective SERS detection of diazinon residue","authors":"Aziza Ali Mohamed,&nbsp;Muhsin Ally Zuberi,&nbsp;Mehwish Mumtaz,&nbsp;Steven Suryoprabowo,&nbsp;Diana Lo,&nbsp;Fuwei Pi,&nbsp;Yahui Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06130-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06130-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A multifunctional β-cyclodextrin-functionalized silver nanoparticle (β-CD-AgNP) substrate was developed for selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of the organophosphorus pesticide diazinon (DZN). Diazinon is widely used in agriculture to control insect pests on fruits and vegetables, and its residues in food and water are linked to acetylcholinesterase inhibition, neurotoxicity, and aquatic ecotoxicity, prompting strict regulatory residue limits and a pressing need for rapid, sensitive, field-deployable detection methods. In this system, β-CD simultaneously acts as a reducing agent, stabilizer, and host–guest recognition molecule, promoting nanoparticle formation while selectively enriching diazinon near SERS-active sites. UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, zeta potential, and SERS analyses confirmed successful nanoparticle formation, effective β-CD functionalization, improved colloidal stability, and enhanced Raman signal amplification relative to bare AgNPs. The platform showed a linear response from 0.01 to 2 ppm (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.94), a detection limit of 3.15×10⁻³ ppm, and good reproducibility (RSD &lt; 6%) in aqueous solution. The application of the method to spiked cucumber samples resulted in recoveries ranging from 101.81% to 119.93%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 7% at both 0.5 and 1.0 ppm. A matrix-matched calibration built directly in cucumber extract confirmed near-quantitative recovery (98–100%) at these levels, indicating that the higher aqueous-calibration recoveries reflect matrix-related bias rather than a limitation of the SERS substrate; quantification at 0.01 ppm remained unreliable under both approaches. The β-CD-functionalized substrate also showed improved selectivity toward diazinon over structurally related pesticides, reflecting host–guest molecular recognition. Given its low cost, minimal sample preparation, and portability relative to chromatographic methods, this platform is well suited to on-site regulatory screening and could help close the gap between routine laboratory testing and the growing demand for real-time food safety surveillance. These findings demonstrate a simple strategy for integrating green nanoparticle synthesis with molecular recognition to achieve selective SERS detection of pesticide residues, offering a promising platform for rapid food safety monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7913 - 7930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyracantha fortuneana fruit-derived green fluorescent carbon dots for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride in water","authors":"Xinyuan Wang,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Decheng Peng,&nbsp;Shaogui Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06127-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06127-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extensive use of antibiotics has promoted their migration into groundwater and, ultimately, the food chain, posing risks to human health and aquatic environments. Addressing this problem requires not only quantitative detection but also efficient removal of antibiotics from contaminated water. Here, <i>Pyracantha fortuneana</i> fruit and 5-amino-o-cresol (5-AoC) were used as precursors to prepare green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) by a solvothermal method, with a fluorescence quantum yield of 17.3%. The G-CDs exhibited stable fluorescence under a range of environmental conditions. A CDs/TiO₂ composite photocatalyst was then constructed by coupling the G-CDs with TiO₂. Under optimized conditions (20 mg catalyst, pH 9, 1.0 mmol/L PMS and ultraviolet irradiation), the catalyst removed 95.8% of tetracycline (TC) within 30 min. This strategy provides a simple and rapid route for TC removal from water under controlled laboratory conditions. Fluorescent carbon dots derived from <i>P. fortuneana</i> fruit therefore show promise for model-pollutant treatment. Because this study focused on material synthesis and performance validation, degradation performance in real water matrices and long-term operational stability should be examined in future work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7843 - 7862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-functional Zn-based coordination polymer as a catalyst for CO2 cycloaddition under mild conditions and a fluorescent probe for highly selective sensing of levofloxacin in aqueous solution","authors":"Ce Liu,&nbsp;Jia-Ning Cui,&nbsp;Guang-Hua Cui","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06128-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06128-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Zn(II) coordination polymer, [Zn(L)(mip)]_n (<b>1</b>) (L  = 1,3-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)− 2-propanol, H₂mip = 5-methylisophthalic acid) was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized. <b>1</b> featured a 1D chain and further extended 2D layer via C–H···O weak hydrogen bond interactions. As Lewis acid heterogeneous catalysts, <b>1</b> exhibits high activity and selectivity for the cycloaddition reaction of CO₂ with propylene epoxide (PO) under solvent free and mild conditions. Additionally, <b>1</b> can serve as a promising fluorescent probe for the detection of levofloxacin (LEV) in aqueous media. The quenching efficiency reaches 95.0% and a detection limit as low as 1.16 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L are achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7863 - 7876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermally engineered TiO2–ZrO2 heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient UV–visible-light-driven one-pot synthesis of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-α] pyridines","authors":"Ramdas Narayanrao Huse,&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar P. Gholap,&nbsp;Aditya Narnawre,&nbsp;Nandkishor N. Karade,&nbsp;Machhindra K. Lande","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06107-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06107-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrothermally synthesized TiO₂–ZrO₂ heterojunction photocatalysts with different Ti/Zr molar ratios were prepared to investigate the effect of heterojunction formation on the photocatalytic synthesis of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-<i>α</i>] pyridine derivatives. Pure TiO₂, pure ZrO₂, and TiO₂–ZrO₂ heterojunction photocatalysts were comprehensively characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The characterization results confirmed the successful formation of TiO₂–ZrO₂ heterojunctions with well-defined structural, morphological, and textural properties. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between TiO₂ and ZrO₂, which facilitates efficient interfacial charge separation and increases the availability of active catalytic sites. This work reports the systematic development and application of a hydrothermally synthesized TiO₂–ZrO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst for the efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-<i>α</i>] pyridine derivatives under UV–visible-light irradiation. Compared with previously reported catalytic systems for the synthesis of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-<i>α</i>] pyridine derivatives, the optimized TiO₂–ZrO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst demonstrated enhanced catalytic efficiency, facile catalyst recovery, excellent recyclability over nine consecutive cycles, and a broad substrate scope under mild UV–visible-light irradiation conditions. Under the optimized conditions (5 mol% catalyst, 10 mL ethanol, 4 h, λ ≥ 360 nm), the desired products were obtained in good-to-excellent yields. Furthermore, a wide range of substituted 2-aminopyridines and aromatic ketones was successfully converted into the corresponding 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-<i>α</i>] pyridine derivatives, demonstrating the versatility, efficiency, and sustainable applicability of the TiO₂–ZrO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst for the synthesis of these biologically important heterocyclic compounds.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Hydrothermally Engineered TiO₂–ZrO₂ Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Efficient UV–Visible-Light-Driven One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Phenylimidazo[1,2-<i>α</i>] pyridines.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7345 - 7372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bi/La co-doped TiO2 nanosheet@g-C3N4 heterojunction for visible-light-driven dye degradation and photocatalytic C–N coupling","authors":"Behnaz Delaram,&nbsp;Mostafa Gholizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06111-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06111-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions represent promising visible light photocatalysts; however, enhancing light utilization and charge separation while preserving catalytic versatility remains a significant challenge. In this study, a Bi/La co-doped TiO₂ nanosheet@g-C₃N₄ heterojunction was synthesized using a combined solvothermal and wet impregnation process. Bi and La co-doping was employed to modify the electronic properties of TiO₂ and facilitate interfacial charge transfer. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR, TGA, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, BET surface area analysis, photocurrent measurements, and cyclic voltammetry. Among the composites, the sample with 5 wt% g-C₃N₄ demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving 85% degradation of Malachite Green in 45 min and 96% degradation of Methylene Blue in 60 min under visible light irradiation. This catalyst also exhibited good catalytic performance in visible-light-driven C–N coupling reactions, with product yields reaching up to 85%. The improved photocatalytic activity is associated with the combined effects of Bi/La co-doping, nanosheet morphology, and heterojunction formation with g-C₃N₄. These combined features enhance visible light absorption and interfacial charge separation, thereby increasing photocatalytic efficiency. Photoluminescence, photocurrent, cyclic voltammetry, and radical-scavenging experiments further support the proposed charge transfer behavior. Collectively, these findings indicate that integrating co-doping with heterojunction engineering is an effective strategy for developing a TiO₂-based photocatalysts for dye degradation and visible-light-driven organic synthesis.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7469 - 7502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic ZnO supported Cu(II) salophen (CoFe2O4@ZnO/CuSalp) for catalytic reduction of organic dyes in aqueous media","authors":"Robabeh Hajian","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06125-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06125-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a heterogeneous catalyst consisting of copper (II) salophen supported on the surface of core–shell magnetic zinc oxide (CoFe₂O₄@ZnO) was prepared. Various techniques were applied to characterize the immobilization of the Cu (II) salophen complex (CoFe₂O₄@ZnO/CuSalp), including FTIR, UV-DRS, XRD, VSM, FESEM, TEM, and elemental analysis. The resulting nanocomposite was then utilized as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB) using aqueous NaBH₄ as a hydride source at room temperature. The reduction process for all three dyes followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with remarkable catalytic efficiency. In the presence of CoFe₂O₄@ZnO/CuSalp, the reduction of 3 mL (35 ppm) of MO, MB, and RhB proceeded rapidly, with completion times of 4, 5, and 6 min, respectively. The reaction kinetics were further characterized by apparent rate constants of 0.6154, 0.4560, and 0.3428 min⁻¹ for the respective dyes. Additionally, the synthesized CoFe₂O₄@ZnO/CuSalp catalyst could be easily separated using an external permanent magnet and demonstrated excellent stability over several consecutive cycles with only a slight decrease in activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 11","pages":"7817 - 7842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}