Application of magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4 /SiO2/TiO2 in the preparation of phosphines: achieving high efficiency and multi-stage recyclability

Abstract

This study investigates the application of the Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ magnetic nanocomposite for the facile and recyclable production of phosphines. The nanocomposite was fabricated by combining the magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄, the structural stability of SiO₂, and the catalytic activity of TiO₂, and was subsequently characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As a heterogeneous catalyst, this nanocomposite provides high efficiency under mild reaction conditions in phosphine production. Its easy separation using a magnetic field, together with its reusability, makes this approach a sustainable solution in green chemistry. Overall, the findings demonstrate that Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ magnetic nanocomposites can significantly contribute to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly industrial processes for phosphine.