Research on Chemical Intermediates最新文献

{"title":"Facile synthesis of amorphous MnOx composite for formaldehyde degradation in indoor air-purification","authors":"Yong Zhang,&nbsp;Baodan Liu,&nbsp;Qingshan Feng,&nbsp;Yuhua Liu,&nbsp;Sile Ren,&nbsp;Meiting Lv,&nbsp;Jianfeng Chen,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Ji Wang,&nbsp;Liren Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05557-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05557-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The amorphous MnO_x composite catalysts were successfully synthesized through a simple redox reaction, and then evaluated the degradation of formaldehyde (HCHO). The in-field plot test demonstrated that the F-1 exhibited a comparable or superior performance with a formaldehyde clean delivery rate (FCADR) of 52.4 m³ h⁻¹ under the mild conditions of 25 ℃, 0.8–1.2 ppm HCHO for 60 min in a 30 m³ stainless steel test chamber, in comparison with the commercial one. The excellent catalytic performance could be attributed to the high surface area beneficial for the exposure of active sites, the abundant oxygen vacancy responsible for rapid oxidation, and the good oxygen mobility and reducibility conducive to rapid electron transfer. Moreover, the excellent catalytic durability with a slight of deactivation even after a prolonged storage or in an extreme high temperature and humidity environment could provide a potential promising pathway for practical application in indoor air purification field.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2513 - 2530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Co–Mn combined modification of rare earth tailing catalyst on denitrification performance of NH3-SCR","authors":"Ye Yuqiao,&nbsp;Wang Xinzhan,&nbsp;Hou Limin","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05560-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05560-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a natural mineral, Bayan Obo rare earth tailings are an environmentally friendly and cost-effective. They contain Fe, Ce, Nb and other active elements that facilitate catalytic denitrification, with Fe and Ce exhibiting pronounced synergistic effects due to their complex co-occurrence relationships. In this study, we developed a catalyst by using Bayan Obo rare earth tailings as a carrier and incorporating small amounts of Co and Mn as active components. The influence of these additives was systematically investigated, focusing on denitrification performance, pore structure, surface acidity redox properties and elemental valence states. The catalysts were characterized through XRD, SEM, BET, NH₃-TPD and H₂-TPR. Results demonstrated that the Co–Mn (3%,4%)-modified rare earth tailings achieved 95% denitrification efficiency within a low-temperature range of 150–300 °C. Co–Mn co-doping increased the specific surface area, with the 5%Mn-2.5%Co-modified catalyst exhibiting optimal structural parameters (75.3188 m²/g surface area and 10.2179 nm pore diameter). Furthermore, the addition of Co and Mn enhanced surface acidity, as evidenced by a pronounced weak acid desorption peak in NH₃-TPD, which promoted low-temperature activity. Redox capacity analysis revealed that Mn doping concentration positively correlated with catalytic redox potential. Co incorporation further amplified this effect by stabilizing low-valent MnO_x species (e.g., Mn³⁺), thereby suppressing MnO₂ over-oxidation and minimizing undesirable NH₃ oxidation via Mn₂O₃ inhibition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2357 - 2373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaic performance of 4-Cyano-3-fluorobenzaldehyde: spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR, FT-Raman, and UV–vis.) and DFT studies","authors":"Semiha Bahçeli,&nbsp;Ebru Karakaş Sarıkaya,&nbsp;Ömer Dereli","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05564-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05564-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The FT-Raman and FT-IR wavelengths of 4-Cyano-3-fluorobenzaldehyde (4C3FB) have been taken in the areas 3500–500 cm⁻¹. These spectra were obtained by analyzing the chemical structure of the compound. In addition, the optimum molecular geometry, conformational evaluation, the full vibrational assignment and analysis of the basic modes, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of energy, their molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), NBO (natural bond orbital) analyses, the ¹H and ¹³C NMR (both in gas phase and in DMSO solvent) chemical shift standards, and the UV–vis. spectra of the 4C3FB at the B3LYP combined with 6-311++G(d,p) fundamental set of the density functional theory (DFT) have been conducted as well. Furthermore, verified comparisons between experimental and calculated data were also presented. A vacant region of 4.851 eV and HOMO and LUMO energies of − 7.937 and − 3.086 eV are present. By taking into consideration the parameters of photovoltaic cells of 4C3FB, it was also possible to determine the open-circuit voltage, the transition density matrix, the light-harvesting efficiency, density of state calculations, the driving force, and the binding energy. The 4C3FB that was found to be of interest was further examined at the B3LYP combined with 6-311++G(d,p) fundamental set in terms of hole, electron, and total reorganization energy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2645 - 2667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11164-025-05564-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient synthesis of isoxazole-5(4H)-ones and polyhydroquinolines using MMWCNTs-PIP and MMWCNTs-MOR","authors":"Mahdi Behboudi Laeen,&nbsp;Ali Reza Pourali","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05565-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05565-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two efficient catalysts were designed and synthesized via a method therein piperazinium and morpholinium halides as ionic liquids were immobilized on magnetic MWCNTs through a poly(ethylene glycol) linker. A facile one-pot and four-component synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives was conducted via the unsymmetric Hantzsch reaction using ethyl acetoacetate, ammonium acetate, dimedone and an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of MMWCNT-PEG-PIP in EtOH. Also, three-component synthesis of 3-methyl-4-arylmethylene isoxazole-5(4H)-ones was explored using ethyl acetoacetate, hydroxyl amine hydrochloride and an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of and MMWCNT-PEG-MOR in H₂O: EtOH (4:1). After the reaction was completed, external magnet was used to separate the magnetic catalyst. The recovered catalyst was reused for five runs without any decrease in catalytic activity. High yields, simple work-up, very high TOFs and using green solvent are advantages of this method. Antioxidant activity was investigated for all the synthesized polyhydroquinoline derivatives. Also, anti-bacterial activities of four isoxazole-5(4H)-ones were examined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2799 - 2827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel and innovative sustainable HNFM@FeCl4 DES as an electrolyte, solvent, and catalyst for rapid electro-organic synthesis of spirooxindole and 4H-pyran derivatives with cytotoxicity assessment","authors":"Obaid Afzal,&nbsp;Ali Altharawi,&nbsp;Manal A. Alossaimi,&nbsp;Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi,&nbsp;Mubarak A. Alamri","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05563-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05563-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of solvents, catalysts, and electrolytes in industrial processes presents significant environmental challenges, particularly in wastewater management. This study introduces a novel and sustainable deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of HNFM and FeCl₄, designed as a reusable electrolyte, solvent, and catalyst aimed to rapid electro-organic synthesis of spirooxindole compounds <b>5(a–f)</b> and 4H-pyran derivatives <b>6(a–h)</b> with yields ranging from 90 to 97%. The synthesis is conducted at room temperature under a 5 mA current using graphite rods as low-cost and readily available anodes and cathodes, completing the process in just 20 min. The innovative 4-formylmorpholin-4-ium iron (III) chloride (HNFM@FeCl₄) DES not only enhances the efficiency of electrochemical reactions but also addresses environmental concerns associated with conventional solvents, catalysts, and electrolytes. By utilizing low-cost electrodes, this DES is both biodegradable and nontoxic, making it a sustainable alternative in electro-organic synthesis. This synthesis method demonstrates significant progresses in the reaction procedure and yields, showcasing the potential of this DES in organic synthesis applications. This research highlights the dual advantage of utilizing a green electrolyte while producing biologically relevant compounds, paving the way for more sustainable practices in electro-organic synthesis. The synthesized derivatives were identified through melting point analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, and CHN analysis. Additionally, an in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of the synthesized compounds reveals promising results, indicating their potential therapeutic benefits. The synthesized spirooxindole <b>5(a–f)</b> and 4H-pyran <b>6(a–h)</b> derivatives were then assessed for in vitro cytotoxic effects on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). All compounds demonstrated IC₅₀ values lower than 10 µM for the MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines, indicating strong potential in anticancer activity. Remarkably, derivatives <b>5(a–f)</b> demonstrated fantastic efficacy in inhibiting the viability of the HT-29 and MCF-7 cell line in comparison with commercial anticancer agent Doxorubicin which utilized as a positive control in this research.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2375 - 2398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive ruthenium(II)-Schiff base complexes: a novel paradigm for concurrent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer interventions","authors":"S. L. Sathya Saibaba,&nbsp;K. Swarnalatha,&nbsp;R. Subramanian,&nbsp;S. C. Vella Durai","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05556-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05556-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of ruthenium metal (II) complexes incorporating a Schiff base ligand, PMDP, were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed distinct coordination modes of PMDP in complex-1 and complex-2. Specifically, complex-1, engaging two azomethine nitrogen atoms, whereas it exhibited a tetradentate coordination mode in complex-2, involving two azomethine nitrogen atoms and two negatively charged oxygen atoms with PMDP. The antioxidant activity of the complexes was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, demonstrating potent antioxidant potential. In vitro antibacterial efficacy of the compounds was tested against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, revealing remarkable activity against Gram-positive strains. In addition to, the anticancer activity of the contrive complexes was evaluated against MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. All the complexes exhibiting superior biotic doings than free PMDP. Complex-1 demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, with 57.25% cell growth inhibition. The results indicate that contrive complexes may serve as promising candidates for the development of novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2775 - 2797"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Co9S8/Cd0.5Zn0.5S heterojunction photocatalysts with highly efficient photocatalytic activity","authors":"Jinpeng Du,&nbsp;Meng Lan,&nbsp;Yulong Xiang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Dong,&nbsp;Nan Zheng,&nbsp;Yu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05555-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05555-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photocatalysis has been extensively applied in organic pollutant degradation, and the key focus is on developing efficient and sustainable photocatalysts nowadays. In this work, Co₉S₈/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S (CS/CZS) heterojunction photocatalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. Compared with pristine Co₉S₈ and Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S, CS/CZS heterojunction materials demonstrated better photocatalytic activity. The optimized CS/CZS-2 sample achieved 94% degradation efficiency of RhB under visible-light irradiation within 18 min. Active species trapping experiments revealed that ·O₂⁻ and h⁺ were the main active substances in the photocatalytic degradation process of RhB. The excellent photocatalytic degradation performance can be attributed to the formation of type-II heterojunction between Co₉S₈ and Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S with intimate contact interface, which is conducive to the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. This study introduces a promising strategy for the design and development of type-II heterojunction photocatalysts specifically aimed at wastewater purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2553 - 2567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiwalled carbon nanotube supported indium doped zinc vanadate photocatalyst for enhanced degradation of acridine orange dye","authors":"Hamdah S. Alanazi,&nbsp;Alanood Sulaiman Ababtain,&nbsp;Rajeh Alotaibi,&nbsp;Ali Aloriny,&nbsp;Imran Hasan,&nbsp;Fahad Alharthi","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05562-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05562-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acridine orange (AO) dye is one of the most widely used organic dye in various applications. However, acridine orange dye has some serious negative impacts for aquatic environments and human beings. Therefore, it is very crucial to monitor the presence of acridine orange dye. This work reported the design and synthesis of a novel composite material for the removal of acridine orange dye from aqueous solution. Herein, we reported the hydrothermal assisted synthesis of indium doped zinc vanadate (Zn₃V₂O₈) decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composite. The phase purity, crystalline nature and formation of the In-ZnV@MWCNT composite have been authenticated by XRD. The structural properties such as surface morphology of the In-ZnV@MWCNT was examined by SEM and TEM studies. Other physiochemical properties of the In-ZnV@MWCNT composite were investigated by FTIR, XPS, UV–visible spectroscopy and EDX methods. Subsequently, photocatalytic activities of the In-ZnV@MWCNT have been determined under UV light. The 20 mg In-ZnV@MWCNT exhibited the highest performance for the photodegradation of AO dye under pH of 3. The highest photocatalytic AO dye degradation performance of more than 99.60% was achieved using In-ZnV@MWCNT. The In-ZnV@MWCNT also demonstrated good stability up to five cycles. Herein, we proposed a novel, eco-friendly, cost-effective, stable and highly efficient photocatalyst for the removal of AO dye.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2569 - 2590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Pd-based catalysts supported on g-C3N4 and their application in the catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid","authors":"Siqi Jia,&nbsp;Qian Yu,&nbsp;Bilin Liang,&nbsp;Fang Li,&nbsp;Qiming Li","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05551-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05551-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>g-C₃N₄ (CN-C(NH₄Cl)) supports possessing a remarkably high specific surface area were firstly fabricated via the calcination of melamine with NH₄Cl as an additive. Subsequently, a supported Pd/CN-C(NH₄Cl) catalyst was successfully synthesized through the reduction-impregnation technique. This newly developed catalyst manifests a substantially enhanced catalytic activity in the hydrogen production process from formic acid decomposition. Characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, TEM, XPS and so on reveals that the addition of NH₄Cl was capable of significantly expanding the interlayer spacing of the g-C₃N₄ support, consequently leading to an augmented specific surface area and porosity. This structural alteration effectively facilitates the efficient dispersion of Pd active particles on the surface of the g-C₃N₄ support. Moreover, the CN-C(NH₄Cl) support treated with NH₄Cl is more favorable for the generation of small-sized Pd nanoparticles. In the hydrogen production from formic acid decomposition, the Pd/CN-C(NH₄Cl) catalyst exhibits a conspicuously improved catalytic activity, with the turnover frequency (TOF) value for formic acid decomposition attaining 1407 h⁻¹ at 353 K. This work not only offers a novel approach for catalyst preparation but also deepens the understanding of the relationship between catalyst structure and performance in formic acid decomposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2287 - 2304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of surface density of ferrocene and rate of electron transfer on different ferrocene immobilized ITO electrodes","authors":"Takashi Fukushima,&nbsp;Isshi Imai,&nbsp;Hayato Ito,&nbsp;Seito Kimura,&nbsp;Yuichiro Namura,&nbsp;Mai Fujimoto,&nbsp;Soma Kitajima,&nbsp;Kohei Shimada,&nbsp;Wataru Mitsuhashi,&nbsp;Michiru Yoshii,&nbsp;Shinya Higashimoto","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05561-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-025-05561-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immobilization of electro-functional molecules onto the electrode surface often plays an important role in the fabrication of electrochemical devices such as photo-voltaic cells, fuel cells, semiconductors, and sensors. Although some molecular-immobilization techniques have been developed, few studies have explored relationships between the immobilization techniques and the properties of the resulting composite electrodes such as the surface density of the molecules, charge transfer rate between the electrode and molecules. In this study, electroactive Fc molecules were immobilized on an ITO electrode surface by two different immobilization methods, i.e., (1) azido functionalization of the ITO surface with 3-azidopropyltriethoxysilane (N₃-PTES) followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with ethynylferrocene (ITO|N₃-PTES|Fc) and (2) azido functionalization of the ITO surface with electro-deposited 2′-azidomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (N₃-EDOT) polymer film followed by CuAAC with ethynylferrocene (ITO|N₃-EDOT|Fc). A characteristic difference in the electrochemical devices fabricated by the two methods was the rate of electron transfer at the immobilized Fc interface. The apparent charge transfer constant on the ITO|N₃-EDOT|Fc was estimated to be 2.8 s⁻¹, while that on the ITO|N₃-PTES|Fc was much faster at 97 s⁻¹. This suggests that molecular immobilization methods such as silane coupling agents, which tend to give monomolecular layer, offer efficient electron transfer compared to electropolymerization, which tends to give random and thick molecular layer. These results suggest that different immobilization methods of ITO substrates can significantly affect the charge transfer efficiency of immobilized Fc, demonstrating that they provide important guidelines for the fabrication of more efficient electrochemical devices.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 5","pages":"2691 - 2703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11164-025-05561-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}