Thoracic research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-guided Total Opacity Scores and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults with COVID-19 Pneumonia","authors":"Zeynep Atçeken, Yeliz Çelik, Çetin Atasoy, Yüksel Peker","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24090","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We previously demonstrated that artificial intelligence (AI)-directed chest computed tomography (CT)-based total opacity scores (TOS) are associated with high-risk obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on the Berlin Questionnaire. In the current study, we examined the association between TOS severity and OSA severity based on polysomnography (PSG) recordings among participants with a history of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a post-hoc analysis of 56 patients who underwent CT imaging after being diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia as well as overnight PSG for a validation study with a median of 406 days after the initial COVID-19 onset. The AI software quantified the overall opacity scores, which included consolidation and ground-glass opacity regions on CT scans. TOS was defined as the volume of high-opacity regions divided by the volume of the entire lung, and severe TOS was defined as the score ≥15. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of at least 15 events/h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 21 participants had OSA and 35 had no OSA. The median TOS was 10.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.6-21.2] in the OSA group and 2.8 (IQR 1.4-9.0) in the non-OSA group (<i>P</i> = 0.047). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, OSA, AHI, and oxygen desaturation index were associated with severe TOS (<i>P</i> < 0.05 for all, respectively) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI-directed CT-based TOS severity in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with OSA severity based on PSG recordings. These results support our previous findings suggesting an association between questionnaire-based high-risk OSA and worse outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiologies and Treatment Outcomes of Chronic Cough Diagnosed with a Pathophysiological Diagnostic Procedure: A Single-center Retrospective Observational Cohort Study","authors":"Johsuke Hara, Masaki Fujimura, Masahide Yasui, Reiko Takeda, Noriyuki Ohkura, Seiji Yano","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24049","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We developed a pathophysiological diagnostic procedure to identify etiologies of chronic cough (CC) like cough variant asthma (CVA), atopic cough (AC), cough predominant asthma, sinobronchial syndrome (SBS), and mucoid impaction of small bronchi. After identifying the etiologies of CC through an understanding of its pathophysiological processes, we determined the patient’s management outcomes based on the pathophysiological diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational cohort study, the medical records of CC patients from April 2013 to March 2018 was analyzed to assess the etiologies and treatments based on the pathophysiological diagnostic procedure. The capsaicin cough-reflex sensitivity test, methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction cough response test, bronchodilator reversibility test, bronchial responsiveness test, chest and sinus computed tomography, and sputum investigations were used for pathophysiological diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CC etiologies were diagnosed in 289 of the 298 patients who underwent the diagnostic procedures. The remaining nine patients had normal diagnostic findings. The three most common causes of CC were CVA, AC and SBS. Cough disappeared completely in 278 of the 286 patients who completed treatment. The median time to complete symptom resolution was 5.8 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pathophysiological evaluation may facilitate prompt and objective diagnosis of the etiologies of CC. Our results suggest that pathophysiological diagnosis is better than the conventional diagnostic method in treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nasal and Oral Breathing on Respiratory Muscle and Brain Function: A Review","authors":"Ömer Bayrak, Massimiliano Polastri, Esra Pehlivan","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24061","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nasal breathing (NB) and oral breathing (OB) are two modes of respiration, and the extent to which they affect respiratory muscles and brain function. The primary objective of this study was to explore the impact of NB versus OB on respiratory muscle and brain function. A literature review was conducted by searching the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scopus databases from January 2000 and May 2024. One hundred twenty-six articles were retrieved from the databases searched, and at the end of the selection process, 11 articles were included in the present review. Most studies (91%) were experimental and had adult healthy volunteers; 64% of the included studies focused on the effects of NB and OB on brain function, while the remaining 36% focused on respiratory muscles. A total of 313 participants comprised the population, most of whom were women (63%). Although most studies were conducted on adults, a percentage of participants (15%) were children. NB and OB elicit different brain areas and heterogeneously influence respiratory muscle function. Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms could be beneficial for, for example, personalizing respiratory and manual techniques when rehabilitating individuals with neurological or respiratory impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoring Pulmonary Fibrosis Following COVID-19 Pneumonia with Quantitative HRCT: Relationship with Clinical Parameters, Mean Platelet Volume and Lymphocyte/Monocyte Ratio","authors":"Ceren Değirmenci, Göksu Şahin Kalkan, Hakan Ertürk, Pınar Ergün","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.24067","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.24067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study aims to quantify post-Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia-related pulmonary fibrosis using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scoring and assess its correlation with clinical parameters, lymphocytes, mean platelet volume (MPV), and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR). Early detection and understanding of fibrosis progression in patient subsets are essential for enhancing post-COVID-19 patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center study aims to quantify post-COVID-19 pneumonia pulmonary fibrosis using HRCT scoring and explore its associations with clinical parameters, lymphocytes, MPV, and LMR. From March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021, HRCT reports of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 within 14 days of symptom onset were reviewed. Those with COVID-19 pneumonia were identified, and subsequent HRCTs performed 2 months or later post-infection were analyzed for fibrosis. Data on demographics, hospitalization details, and laboratory findings were collected. Fibrosis scores were determined using quantitative HRCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 patients (60.2% male, mean age 57.3) were included. Of these patients, 50.4% were hospitalized. Quantitative HRCT analysis indicated average fibrosis of 2.7% (range: 0.9-28.7%). Lower lymphocyte counts correlated significantly with increased fibrosis (<i>P</i> = 0.002). No significant correlations were found between fibrosis development and hospitalization duration, age, or gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the importance of monitoring lymphocyte counts in COVID-19 patients for early detection of pulmonary fibrosis. The findings suggest a need for screening and prompt diagnosis of fibrosis post-COVID-19, particularly in patients with lymphopenia. Further research using quantitative HRCT could enhance understanding and management of progressive interstitial lung diseases, especially in the context of future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Normative Values and Calculation Formulas of Respiratory Muscle Strength of Adults in Turkish Society: A Population-based Study","authors":"Esra Pehlivan, Halit Çınarka","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.240962","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.240962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"153-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of PAP Device Usage and COVID-19 Related Anxiety in Patients with OSAS During COVID-19 Pandemics","authors":"Gulin Sunter, Humay Ismayilzade, Beyza Arslan, Ezgi Vural, Baran Balcan, Kadriye Agan","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.24029","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.24029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aimed to determine the positive airway pressure (PAP) device usage and pandemic-related anxiety in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Five hundred twenty-seven OSAS patients were recruited into the study. A questionnaire consisting of 7 questions was filled to find out their Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related anxiety levels and PAP device usage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 53.3 years (±11.9). One hundred forty-one 141 (27%) of the participants were female and 382 (73%) were male. Two hundred sixteen (41%) patients reported using the PAP device regularly [PAP (+) group); 307 (59%) patients reported not using it at all or using it irregularly (PAP (-) group]. Forty-nine (23%) PAP (+) patients and 91 (29%) PAP (-) patients had COVID-19. The use of a PAP device was not significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection (<i>P</i> = 0.077). The most common symptom was myalgia without a between-group difference, (<i>P</i> = 0.967). There was no significant difference between the PAP (+) and PAP (-) groups in the hospitalization rates for COVID-19 (<i>P</i> = 0.252). The presence of apnea was not considered as a cause of a higher level of COVID-19-related anxiety in patients with the PAP (+) group compared to the PAP (-) group (<i>P</i> = 0.095).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no evidence that the use of PAP devices in OSAS patients influenced the risk of getting COVID-19 and the clinical course of the disease. PAP device usage did not affect the level of anxiety associated with the pandemic in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"132-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cases of Long-Coronavirus Disease-2019 Reported as being Readmitted to Intensive Care Units Due to Acute Respiratory Failure: Correspondence","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.5152/ThoracResPract.2024.24075","DOIUrl":"10.5152/ThoracResPract.2024.24075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Risk Factors Causing Diagnostic Delay in Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-exacerbated Respiratory Disease.","authors":"Melek Cihanbeylerden, Hazal Kayıkçı, Çise Tüccar, Ebru Damadoğlu, Gül Karakaya, Ali Fuat Kalyoncu","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24087","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) can be difficult to diagnose due to the heterogeneity of phenotypes and a lack of validated in vitro tests. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the course of N-ERD disease, analyze whether there was a delay in clinical diagnosis, and explore the factors that might cause diagnostic delay.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This observational, cross-sectional, study included patients aged over 18. The time taken by clinicians to diagnose N-ERD was recorded as the clinician diagnosis time, while the time taken by patients to complete the N-ERD triad was recorded as the actual diagnosis time. A difference of six months or longer between actual diagnosis and clinician diagnosis times was accepted as diagnostic delay. Statistical analyses were performed to ascertain the parameters that could cause this delay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 107 patients diagnosed with N-ERD. The patients had been diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, asthma, and NSAID hypersensitivity for an average duration of 14.9±9.6, 14.3±9.9, and 11.7±9.3 years, respectively. Thirty-nine (36.4%) of the patients had a delayed diagnosis. The mean delay in the diagnosis of N-ERD was 7.4±6.6 (2.0-12.0) years. Delayed diagnosis showed a correlation with thyroid dysfunction (<i>P</i> = 0.021), while it did not have a significant relationship with the remaining factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study have indicated delays in diagnosing N-ERD patients and emphasized the need for adequately recognizing the disease to initiate timely, appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Students' Tobacco Consumption Status and Experiences with Smoke-free Law Violations in Enclosed Spaces in Türkiye and Northern Cyprus.","authors":"Dilek Aslan, Pınar Ay, Kervin Raymond, Özen Aşut, Gulifeiya Abuduxike, Meltem Şengelen, Duygu Çekici, Füsun Yıldız, Emine Ünal Evren, Ali Fuat Kalyoncu, Elif Dağlı","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24084","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the frequency of tobacco smoking among medical students and assess their exposure to violations of smoke-free laws in enclosed spaces 30 days before the study. It also identifies key locations where such infractions occur and explores associated factors.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A descriptive study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey among students from two public and two private medical faculties in Türkiye and Northern Cyprus in 2023. Of the invited students, 628 responded. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics for Windows, version 23.0. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, means±standard deviations, and medians (interquartile ranges). Relationships between categorical variables were assessed using chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, with significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05. Binary logistic regression analysis of predictors of exposure to smoke-free violations was conducted. Ethical approval was obtained from each university.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were female (56.4%), with a mean age of 21.5±2.37 years. Nearly one in five students was a current tobacco user (19.9%). Smokers had higher exposure to passive smoking than non-smokers (92.0% vs. 82.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.009). Encountering tobacco industry-branded vehicles was associated with higher exposure (92.3% vs. 83.7%, <i>P</i> = 0.03). Exposure to violations of the antismoking ban in enclosed spaces was significantly higher among students who smoked with higher frequency (odds ratio: 2.418, 95% confidence interval: 1.172 to 4.990, <i>P</i> = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the need for strict tobacco control among medical students, with an emphasis on advocacy and interdisciplinary collaboration to combat the tobacco industry's influence.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving Toward a Smoke-free Campus: A Survey of Students' Knowledge, Behavior, and Opinions.","authors":"Ülken Tunga Babaoğlu, Hüseyin İlter","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24099","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2024.24099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the tobacco and product use status of university students, their awareness of smoke-free campuses, and the relationship between tobacco use awareness and tobacco use status.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data were collected using a questionnaire for students (n = 15.515) who continued their education at a state university. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: sociodemographic, tobacco and product use behaviors, and a Smoke-free Campus Awareness Scale (SCAS). The chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for continuous variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>28.5% of the university students were active smokers, and 48.7% were exposed to passive smoking on campus. When the SCAS scores were compared according to the smoking status of the students, never smokers (median: 44.0, Q1=36.0-Q3=48.0), active smokers (median: 27.0, Q1=20.0-Q3=36.0), and recent quitters (median: 33.0-Q1=11.0-Q3=43.0) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). SCAS scores were compared according to gender; the median score of female students (Q1=31.0-Q3=46.0) was statistically higher than that of male students (Q1=19.0-Q3=44.0). Non-smokers were found to be statistically more uncomfortable with being exposed to secondhand smoke on campus than smokers (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most students were unaware of the smoke-free campus policy but were aware that passive smoking is an important public health problem. The fact that male students and smokers oppose implementation requires investigation of the reasons for these attitudes in future studies, and monitoring tobacco use trends after implementation is important to effectively evaluate smoke-free campus implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}