Thoracic research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Expression Profile of circRNA in Lung Cancer Cells Infected with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Deniz Ece, Cagla Ozdenizer, Can Muftuoglu, Ufuk Mert, Ayse Caner","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.s010","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.s010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer -related deaths on a global scale and ranks first with approximately 1.8 million deaths according to 2022 data.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Tumor formation is shaped not only by genetic and epigenetic changes, but also by microorganism-hycre interactions. The cancer load attributed to infections was reported in 2018 as approximately 2.2 million new cases.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; This shows that chronic bacterial infections can support inflammatory signaling and tumor progression. &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt;, one of these pathogens, is known for adhesion, invasion and immune response modulation to the host cell. It can also affect cell behavior by disrupting the epithelial barrier through toxins.&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; In recent years, it has been suggested that these effects on lung epithelium can re -program processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and migration in cancer cells. On the other hand, Circular RNAs (circRNA) show high stability due to the closed ringing of 5' and 3' ends and have functions such as miRNA/protein binding or regulation of gene expression. circRNA played a role in the basic processes of cancer biology such as proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance; It is also reported that it can be used as biomarker and therapeutic target in lung cancer.&lt;sup&gt;4,5&lt;/sup&gt; This study aims to examine the circRNA expression changes after infection of A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and Beas-2b (normal bronchial epithelial) cells with &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In order to create an intracellular infection model, A549 and Beas-2B cell lines are infected with &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt; 6538p for 2 hours of 1:50 infection (MOI). It was then treated with gentamicin for 2-24 hours to destroy non-cell bacteria. Intracellular infection was displayed using Giemsa painting method and intracellular &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt; load was measured by CFU analysis, infection index was calculated (infection index = dilution factor × 10). In the 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and 24&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; hours of 1:50 infected cells, trizol was insulated with RNA and the concentrations were measured and CDNA was synthesized. circRNA levels were analyzed with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The circular RNA candidates used in the study were determined through CircBank database. The potential target genes and expression levels of these circRNAs were examined in detail using CircAtlas 3.0 database.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the A549 and Beas-2b cells infected with 1:50 &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt;, the presence of intracellular bacteria was evaluated microscopic with Giemsa dyeing performed at the 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and 24&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; hours of infection. According to the infection index analysis at 4 hours of infection, Beas-2B cells were found to be higher than A549 cells. This suggests that normal bronchial epithelial cells may be more sensitive to bacterial internalization. As a result of","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"26 Suppl 1","pages":"25-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12673188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Thin Film Micro-Extraction Based Salivary Metabolomics and Chemometric Strategy for Rapid Lung Cancer Diagnosis.","authors":"İlknur Erbas, Fusun Pelit, Nazlı Mert Ozupek, Merve Gul, Esra Sakrak, Kasım Ocakoglu, Durmus Ozdemir, Tuncay Goksel, Yasemin Basbinar, Ozlem Goksel, Levent Pelit","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.s007","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.s007","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Lung cancer (LC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to the lack of reliable biomarkers for early detection.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Despite advances in diagnostic imaging and targeted therapies, the five-year survival rate remains low because most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. Consequently, the development of sensitive, non-invasive, and cost-effective diagnostic approaches is a major clinical priority. Metabolomics, the comprehensive profiling of small-molecule metabolites, has emerged as a powerful tool for uncovering cancer-associated metabolic alterations, providing insights into tumor biology and facilitating the discovery of novel biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and disease monitoring. Among biological matrices, saliva is a promising diagnostic biofluid because it can be collected non-invasively, is simple to obtain, and reflects systemic and local metabolic changes. Recent studies have demonstrated its potential for detecting various cancers, including lung cancer, highlighting its value for biomarker-based early diagnosis.&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt; In this study, a novel thin-film microextraction (TFME) technique integrated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is introduced for the rapid, selective, and reproducible extraction of salivary metabolites. The developed TFME approach offers high throughput, reduced solvent consumption, and enhanced analytical performance, enabling the identification and quantification of key metabolic biomarkers associated with lung cancer. The objective of this workflow is to advance saliva-based metabolomics toward clinical translation, offering a promising avenue for the early and non-invasive diagnosis of lung cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Synthesis of SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Nanoparticles and TFME blade Preparation: SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles were synthesized using the Stöber method, followed by post-coating with tetraethyl orthosilicate, centrifugation, washing with ethanol, and drying. The nanoparticles were incorporated into a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix and coated onto steel TFME blades via a controlled dip-coating process to ensure uniform film thickness. Participants and Sample Collection: Saliva samples were collected from 40 histopathologically confirmed lung cancer patients and 38 healthy volunteers following an overnight fast and an oral rinse. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained (Ege University Ethics Committee, protocol: 15-11.1/46). Saliva samples were centrifuged, diluted (1:2), and stored at -80 °C until analysis. TFME Sampling and Analysis: A 96-well plate system equipped with PAN/SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-coated TFME blades was used for metabolite extraction (Figure 1). Blades were immersed in diluted saliva samples and rotated at 850 rpm for 150 minutes to allow analyte adsorption, followed by desorption of analytes in 0.1% formic acid for 30 minutes. Desorbed solu","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"26 Suppl 1","pages":"18-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12673180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Laboratory-made NTD Sensor Systems for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Synthetic Breath Samples.","authors":"Tugberk Nail Dizdas, Levent Pelit","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.s005","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.s005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;In recent years, the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a highly attractive sample preparation method due to its ease of application to a wide range of samples. These techniques, which significantly increase the sensitivity of the analysis by reducing the interference effect, especially in biological samples containing many components, have the possibility of being applied in many ways.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; These systems, which are widely used for the analysis of a wide range of compounds from pesticides to biomarkers, have many advantages over systems obtained by preparing the adsorbent polymer in fiber form. NTD sensor systems, which are prepared to be more protected by the presence of the polymer on the inner surface of the needle, have a longer service life.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; For this purpose, NTD systems can be prepared using many different types of polymers.In addition, the surface area is significantly increased by coating it onto a cylindrical outer surface. This significantly increases the sensitivity of the method. Breath analysis has become quite popular over the years.&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; These analyses offer advantages such as ease of use and rapid diagnosis, particularly in crucial areas such as early-stage disease diagnosis, and can be performed without causing any pain to the patient due to their non-invasive nature.&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; Additionally, breath samples, which contain less interfering matrix than other biological samples, allow for highly sensitive analyses. Furthermore, due to the very low concentrations of VOCs in breath, more sensitive analytical techniques are needed for these analyses. In this context, the study investigated the applicability of laboratory-developed NTD sensor systems to synthetic breath samples. For this purpose, lab-made NTD sensors prepared with polyaniline polymer in laboratory environment were used for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and and o-, p-xylene (BTEX) compounds, which are important for environmental exposure, in synthetic breath medium.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The NTD systems used in the study were made using four different conductive polymers. Surface and physical characterization of these polymers prepared by electropolymerization were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis. Following surface characterization, the responses of NTDs prepared with each polymer to BTEX solutions were compared and the polymer with the best response was selected. Subsequently, the sampling technique (active and passive), adsorption temperature, adsorption time and desorption time were optimised. Finally, the analytical properties of the method developed for BTEX analysis in synthetic breath samples were determined using the optimum parameters obtained from the optimisation studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;SEM images of the prepared N","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"26 Suppl 1","pages":"12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12673183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145672544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Inspiratory Muscle Endurance in Healthy Adults by Recording Breathing Characteristics.","authors":"Selda Oğuz-Gökçen, Özgen Aras","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-1-10","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-1-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Respiratory muscle function is considered as strength and endurance. Since respiratory muscles are used a submaximally in daily life, measurement of respiratory muscle endurance rather than respiratory muscle strength is a more functional assessment. Measurement of respiratory muscle endurance is recommended to be performed by controlling the respiratory frequency and recording the breathing parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate respiratory muscle endurance with the incremental threshold loading (ITL) test in healthy adults by recording breathing parameters.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This observational, cross-sectional study included 112 healthy adult subjects aged between 18 to 35 years. The anthropometric characteristics (weight and height), pulmonary function testing including forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form - IPAQ-SF) were evaluated. Inspiratory muscle endurance is assessed with ITL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inspiratory muscle endurance (<i>P</i>Imax) was 54.08±21.62 cmH2O. Correlations between the <i>P</i>Imax showed weak positive results with height (r=0.392, <i>P</i> < 0.001), weight (r=0.382, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and FEV1 (r=0.386, <i>P</i> < 0.001), moderate positive results with FVC (r=0.446, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and MVV (%) (r=0.541, <i>P</i> < 0.001), while strong positive results with MIP (r=0.796, <i>P</i> < 0.001). According to the regression analysis results, the MIP and MVV% values explained 63% of <i>P</i>Imax.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inspiratory muscle endurance in healthy adults can be explained with MIP and MVV. The ITL testing that is performed by recording respiratory mechanics, such as the inspiratory volume, inspiratory flow and work of breathing, can guide the determination of respiratory muscle training intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"282-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.","authors":"Munazzah Orooj, Amit Saraf, Aqsa Mujaddadi, Moli Jain, Irshad Ahmed, Rajveer Kuldeep","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-1-8","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Post-pulmonary tuberculosis (post-PTB) sequelae, including impaired lung function, reduced exercise capacity, and diminished quality of life (QoL), pose significant challenges even after successful anti-tuberculosis treatment. While pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an established intervention for chronic respiratory diseases, its long-term effectiveness in post-PTB patients is not well-documented. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of an 8-week outpatient PR program on respiratory function, exercise performance, and QoL in post-PTB patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In a randomized controlled trial, 90 post-PTB patients aged ≥18 years were allocated to either the PR group or a control group. The PR program included supervised endurance and resistance training, breathing exercises, and patient education, delivered over 8 weeks. Primary outcomes, including the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and pulmonary function tests, were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at 12 months. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PR group demonstrated significant and sustained improvements across all measures. The 6MWD increased by 217 meters post-PR and remained 143 meters higher at 12 months (P < 0.05). SGRQ scores showed a 28-point reduction post-PR and a 32-point reduction at 12 months (P < 0.05). FEV1 improved by 41% post-PR, and by 45% at 12 months (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An 8-week PR program delivers long-term benefits in respiratory function, exercise capacity, and QoL in post-PTB patients. Incorporating PR into post-PTB care is a promising strategy to mitigate chronic sequelae and enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"26 6","pages":"323-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.","authors":"Umur Karan, Osman Elbek","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-1-9","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to influence and change the world through many different fields such as science, economics, technology, and art. The modern foundations of AI, with theoretical roots dating back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilisations, were laid by Alan Turing and John McCarthy in the twentieth century. Early practices in the medical field focused on the archiving and interpretation of radiologic images and possible preliminary diagnoses. As the processing capacity of computers has advanced, so has their skill competence, and it has become possible to implement them in different specialty branches of medicine. On the other hand, ethical, and social problems, dilemmas, and conflicts have begun to arise with practices in the healthcare field. In this sense, AI should be addressed with its potential benefits and problems, knowing that it is tool, free from social prejudices, demographic changes, socio-economic inequalities, and cultural differences and without indulging in dichotomies such as technophilia and technophobia.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"366-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Success of Non-contrast Computed Tomography Findings in Central Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Case Control Study.","authors":"Mutlu Onur Güçsav, Serkan Öner, Zeynep Ayvat Öcal, Aysu Ayrancı, Damla Serçe Unat, Ömer Selim Unat","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-2-5","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) but it cannot be used safely in conditions such as renal failure and contrast allergy. Therefore, recognition of emboli with non-contrast thoracic CT can be useful in the management of PTE. The aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic success of non-contrast thoracic CT findings in the diagnosis of PTE.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Patients who had both non-contrast thorax CT and CTPA imaging within 24 hours and were diagnosed with PTE were analyzed. A control group was formed by randomization in a 1:1 ratio (n = 55). CTPA images of the patients in both groups were evaluated blindly by two expert radiologists and demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five patients had embolism. The mean age was 68.5±15.2. Mortality rates were 36.4% in the embolism group and 40.0% in the control group. The main pulmonary artery diameter was significantly higher in the PTE group (32.0 mm vs. 29.4 mm, <i>P</i> = 0.007). The mean attenuation of the pulmonary blood pool in the PTE group was higher than that of the control group [46.2 Hounsfield units (HU) (29.4-63.9) vs. 41.1 HU (32.5-62.4)] (<i>P</i> = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Direct and indirect findings obtained from non-contrast thoracic CT can help the diagnosis, in patients in whom CTPA cannot be performed. Diagnostic utility may increase when the presence of these findings is evaluated together with clinical and laboratory findings. Validation studies should be performed in larger populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":"26 6","pages":"298-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Events in Non-invasive Ventilation Approaches: Systematic Review.","authors":"Hatice Aslan Sirakaya, Ana Torrano Ferrández, Antonio M Esquinas","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-4-8","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) plays a critical role in the management of acute and chronic respiratory failure, offering benefits over invasive mechanical ventilation. However, its use is associated with various adverse events that may impact clinical outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the types, frequencies, and clinical consequences of complications related to NIV. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 'PRISMA' guidelines, covering studies published between 2000 and February 2023. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational cohorts, and systematic reviews reporting adverse events in adults receiving NIV for respiratory failure. Thirty-two studies involving approximately 6,000 patients were analyzed. NIV-related complications were frequently reported, including, physiological (e.g., hypercapnia 2-10%, hypoxemia 1-5%), mechanical (e.g., skin breakdown 5-15%, air leaks 5-25%), and patient-related events (e.g., discomfort 10-30%, anxiety 5-15%). Face masks were linked to higher rates of air leaks and intolerance, while helmet interfaces showed fewer complications. Helmet interfaces and newer ventilator technologies showed advantages in minimizing certain adverse events. Although NIV offers substantial benefits compared to invasive ventilation, its effectiveness can be compromised by preventable complications. Structured monitoring, early intervention, and a multidisciplinary care approach are essential for maximizing outcomes. Further research is needed to develop strategies that enhance patient comfort, minimize complications, and optimize NIV application across different clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"340-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-cigarette Attitude and Belief Scale in Adolescents: A Validity and Reliability Study.","authors":"Sinem Can Oksay, Gül Alpar, Gülay Bilgin, Deniz Mavi Tortop, Zeynep Reyhan Onay, Eda Gürler, Elif Dağlı, Saniye Girit","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-5-5","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-5-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased significantly since its appearance on the global market in the mid-2000s. International studies have indicated that substance use among children is as prevalent as 7.8% worldwide and 15.4% among high school students in Türkiye. To prevent this public health problem, it is necessary to understand why adolescents use e-cigarettes. This study aimed to develop an attitude and belief scale about adolescent e-cigarette use.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Chronic disease-free adolescents aged 14-18 who applied to pediatric outpatient clinics were invited to the study. Three hundred forty eligible participants were recruited. The scale on e-cigarette use was developed in light of the existing literature and comprises a total of 31 questions, including 20 assessing beliefs and 11 assessing attitudes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following specialist reviews, the following exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, criterion validity analysis, discriminant validity analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, test-retest reliability analysis, and internal validity tests were conducted. The 18-item scale, which has been proven to measure attitudes and beliefs toward e-cigarettes, is sufficient, valid, and reliable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed \"E-cigarette Attitude and Belief Scale in Adolescents\" scale can be a critical tool for future studies. Gaining insight into adolescents' attitudes and beliefs toward e-cigarettes can contribute to creating targeted educational and awareness initiatives on this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"290-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach to High-flow Nasal Oxygen Delivery: Physiological and Clinical Perspectives on Asymmetrical Cannulas.","authors":"Begüm Ergan, Bişar Ergün","doi":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-3-2","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ThoracResPract.2025.2025-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy has become an essential therapeutic modality across a broad spectrum of indications, and it is currently regarded as the optimal initial therapeutic option for patients presenting with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. A novel HFNC interface with an asymmetrical cannula has recently been introduced to optimize the physiological benefits of HFNC. It features prongs, one with a smaller diameter and another with a larger diameter, to enhance positive end-expiratory pressure and carbon dioxide washout. This is achieved by modulating the prong-to-nare area ratio to maintain a balance between airway pressure and dead space clearance. Recent studies have indicated that the use of an asymmetrical design may result in enhanced upper airway pressure and dead space washout. Asymmetrical cannulas may enhance patient comfort, reduce work of breathing, and lower minute ventilation. However, they do not significantly differ from standard cannulas in terms of gas exchange, oxygenation, diaphragm activity, lung compliance, dorsal fraction of ventilation, or lung impedance. Further research is needed to determine whether asymmetrical cannulas offer clinical advantages in specific patient populations, to identify optimal sizing parameters, and to assess their long-term safety and efficacy in diverse clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":75221,"journal":{"name":"Thoracic research and practice","volume":" ","pages":"374-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}