The review of international organizations最新文献_第3页

Leader ideology and state commitment to multilateral treaties 领导人的意识形态和国家对多边条约的承诺

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09563-2

Valerio Vignoli, Michal Onderco

{"title":"Leader ideology and state commitment to multilateral treaties","authors":"Valerio Vignoli, Michal Onderco","doi":"10.1007/s11558-024-09563-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-024-09563-2","url":null,"abstract":"The existing literature argues that the left is generally more supportive of multilateralism in foreign policy than the right. However, the impact of ideology on state commitment to multilateral cooperation have not yet been empirically tested adequately. We assess the presence of such a left–right divide on state commitment to multilateral treaties employing an original dataset, containing all the available information about the ratification of the multilateral treaties deposited with the UN Secretary General since 1945. Our results indicate that indeed countries led by left-wing leaders are generally faster at ratifying treaties than those led by right-wing leaders. However, the association between leader ideology and commitment to multilateral treaties is substantially conditioned by regime type and the international context. In fact, we find robust evidence of a significant gap in ratification duration between states led by left-wing and right-wing leaders in democracies but not in other regime types, and during the Cold War but not after. Through such findings, this article provides a contribution to the debate on the impact of ideology on international relations and the drivers of global support for multilateralism.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

International negotiations over the global commons 关于全球公域的国际谈判

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09566-z

Stephanie J. Rickard

引用次数: 0

Reconsidering the costs of commitment: Learning and state acceptance of the UN human rights treaties’ individual complaint procedures 重新考虑承诺的代价：联合国人权条约个人申诉程序的学习与国家接受情况

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09565-0

Andreas Johannes Ullmann

{"title":"Reconsidering the costs of commitment: Learning and state acceptance of the UN human rights treaties’ individual complaint procedures","authors":"Andreas Johannes Ullmann","doi":"10.1007/s11558-024-09565-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-024-09565-0","url":null,"abstract":"How do states react to adverse decisions resulting from human rights treaties’ individual complaint procedures? While recent scholarship has shown particular interest in states’ reactions to international court judgments, research on state behavior vis-à-vis an increasing treaty body output remains scarce. I argue that states generally want to avoid the costs implied by adverse decisions, or ‘views’. Rising numbers of rebukes lead them to update their beliefs about the costliness of complaint procedure acceptance in a Bayesian manner. As a result, states become less inclined to accept further petition mechanisms under different human rights treaties. I test these assumptions on an original dataset containing information on individual complaint procedure acceptance and the distribution of 1320 views for a total number of 169 countries ranging from the year 1965 to 2018. Results from Cox proportional hazards regressions suggest that both the number of views against neighboring states and against the examined state itself decrease the likelihood of acceptance of most of the six individual complaint procedures under observation. I also find evidence that this effect is exacerbated if states are more likely to actually bear the costs of implementation. Findings indicate that the omission of further commitment can be a negative spillover of the treaty bodies’ quasi-judicial output.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Undermining liberal international organizations from within: Evidence from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 从内部破坏自由国际组织：来自欧洲委员会议会的证据

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09559-y

Jana Lipps, Marc S. Jacob

{"title":"Undermining liberal international organizations from within: Evidence from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe","authors":"Jana Lipps, Marc S. Jacob","doi":"10.1007/s11558-024-09559-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-024-09559-y","url":null,"abstract":"International organizations promoting democratic governance and human rights are increasingly challenged by some of their own member states. To better understand this dynamic, we propose a distinction between the illiberal ideology of political parties and their regime environment, aiming to examine the international behavior of actors extending beyond autocratic governments. We argue that the domestic regime environment plays a pivotal role in influencing the extent to which illiberal parties engage in contestation to undermine liberal norms on the international stage. We expect contestation behavior to be primarily driven by illiberal parties seeking to diminish the influence of liberal international politics on domestic power structures. Moreover, we contend that government participation moderates illiberal parties’ contestation behavior. To test our expectations empirically, we study roll call votes in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), one of the most powerful international parliaments promoting liberal values. Drawing on an original dataset that records approximately 500,000 individual votes cast in PACE decisions, we find evidence for substantive contestation by illiberal parties, especially those representing illiberal regimes. Only illiberal governments in liberal systems moderate themselves at the amendment stage. Our study has implications for the potential threat that emerging illiberal actors pose to international liberal institutions.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Illiberal regimes and international organizations 非自由主义政权和国际组织

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09556-1

Christina Cottiero, Emilie M. Hafner-Burton, Stephan Haggard, Lauren Prather, Christina J. Schneider

引用次数: 0

Is context pretext? Institutionalized commitments and the situational politics of foreign economic policy 背景是借口吗？对外经济政策的制度化承诺和情境政治

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09560-5

Ryan Powers

引用次数: 0

Zombies ahead: Explaining the rise of low-quality election monitoring 前方有僵尸解释低质量选举监督的兴起

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09554-3

Sarah Sunn Bush, Christina Cottiero, Lauren Prather

引用次数: 0

Are authoritative international organizations challenged more? A recurrent event analysis of member state criticisms and withdrawals 权威性国际组织是否受到更多挑战？对成员国批评和退出的经常性事件分析

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09557-0

Hylke Dijkstra, Farsan Ghassim

{"title":"Are authoritative international organizations challenged more? A recurrent event analysis of member state criticisms and withdrawals","authors":"Hylke Dijkstra, Farsan Ghassim","doi":"10.1007/s11558-024-09557-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-024-09557-0","url":null,"abstract":"Member states’ challenges to international organizations (IOs) are at the heart of the supposed crisis of our multilateral order – from the “African bias” debate surrounding the International Criminal Court, to the United Kingdom’s “Brexit” from the European Union, to Trump’s attacks on the World Health Organization during the COVID-19 pandemic. IOs are regularly challenged by their member states in different ways, ranging from verbal criticisms to withdrawals. But why are some IOs challenged more than others? An important – but so far largely theoretical – academic debate relates to the authority of IOs as an explanatory factor for why some face more challenges: Authoritative IOs may invite more challenges (for example, due to domestic contestation) or fewer challenges (due, in part, to the investment of member states and their greater capacity to resolve conflicts internally). Our article assesses these explanations using the Andersen-Gill approach for analyzing recurrent events of member states’ public criticisms and withdrawals. We do not find strong and consistent evidence that more authoritative IOs are more regularly challenged by their own member states. There is some evidence that authoritative IOs experience fewer withdrawals, but we find stronger evidence for alternative factors such as preference heterogeneity between members, the existence of alternative IOs, and the democratic composition of an IO’s membership. Our study is significant for scholarly debates and real-world politics, as it implies that granting IOs more authority does not make them more prone to member state challenges.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The life cycle of international cooperation: Introduction to the special issue 国际合作的生命周期：特刊导言

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09558-z

Julia Gray

{"title":"The life cycle of international cooperation: Introduction to the special issue","authors":"Julia Gray","doi":"10.1007/s11558-024-09558-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-024-09558-z","url":null,"abstract":"International organizations’ lives often extend far beyond the moment of their initial contracting. How IOs do adapt to shifting circumstances in their member states global geopolitical changes, and even internal dynamics within the IO itself? This special issue on the life cycle of international cooperation explores the ebbs and flows of the IOs that underpin the international system. Firm theory, organizational sociology, and agency theory all have incorporated life cycles perspectives into the study of organizations, but IR has yet to fully harness these frameworks. A life cycles approach centers on, first, incorporating the IO itself as the core unit of analysis and, second, the dynamic processes within IOs — including life stages such as false starts, consolidation, inertia, growth, revitalization, death, and succession. Incorporating these dynamic processes into our understanding of IOs reminds us that historically, IOs have always experienced periods of both flourishing and faltering. Grasping the mechanisms that drive these changes is indispensable for a thorough understanding of the international system’s vitality and resilience. Articles in this issue explore the durability of IOs in the face of crises; the measures that IOs deploy to legitimize their existence; the role of individual leaders’ rhetoric in IO vitality; the tradeoffs that member states face between pulling the plug on an IO versus creating a new institution; the effect of member-state IO withdrawal on the international system overall; and the mass public’s perceptions of such withdrawals.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The defocalizing effect of international courts: Evidence from maritime delimitation practices 国际法院的非地方化效应：海洋划界实践的证据

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-024-09545-4

Ezgi Yildiz, Umut Yüksel

{"title":"The defocalizing effect of international courts: Evidence from maritime delimitation practices","authors":"Ezgi Yildiz, Umut Yüksel","doi":"10.1007/s11558-024-09545-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-024-09545-4","url":null,"abstract":"Can international courts influence state policies and facilitate interstate cooperation? Existing literature argues that they can. Courts can make cooperative outcomes easier for states by formulating or endorsing rules around which state expectations and practice can converge. While it is widely assumed that court rulings may become focal points and play a role in harmonizing state practices, we know little about the conditions under which they have such an effect. We suggest that court rulings can often have an opposite, defocalizing effect, which may durably harm the prospects of convergence around what the law requires. We introduce defocalization as a process and discuss its possible types and implications. We argue that defocalization may be driven by incongruence of court rulings with existing treaty law and state practice and inconsistency of rulings over time. We illustrate our argument by examining the effect of key judicial rulings on the convergence of state views about the appropriate maritime delimitation rules by relying on an original dataset. Our findings show how defocalization unfolds and suggest that complexity can accumulate over time through legal rulings that are incongruent with existing state practice or treaty law, and can be maintained through inconsistent court decisions.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0