The review of international organizations最新文献

{"title":"How the United Nations targets human rights public diplomacy","authors":"Sam R. Bell, Risa Kitagawa","doi":"10.1007/s11558-026-09617-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-026-09617-7","url":null,"abstract":"International organizations employ public diplomacy like states, yet we know little about how they strategically allocate diplomatic resources. We examine determinants of high-level visits by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) to understand how this body balances principled goals with strategic constraints. We theorize that visits serve dual functions: signaling international scrutiny to repressive regimes while cultivating soft power where conditions favor human rights progress. Using original data on OHCHR delegation travel (1998-2019), we show that OHCHR visits target highly repressive states but are significantly more likely in places with a greater peacekeeping presence and democratization episodes, which we argue provide reach and create receptive local audiences, respectively. These findings suggest that OHCHR visits are jointly motivated by need and domestic political opportunities for influence. By demonstrating this international organization’s strategic use of visit diplomacy, we shed light on an understudied mechanism for advancing human rights norms.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Ambassador, you’re really spoiling us!” Diplomatic gifts and profligate autocrats","authors":"Ole Jacob Sending, Neil Ketchley, Morten Skumsrud Andersen","doi":"10.1007/s11558-026-09616-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-026-09616-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siloes of influence: The political economy of resourcing international organizations","authors":"Bernhard Reinsberg, Mirko Heinzel","doi":"10.1007/s11558-026-09615-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-026-09615-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147374272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home turf: Headquarters of international organizations and earmarked funding","authors":"Timon Forster","doi":"10.1007/s11558-025-09612-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-025-09612-4","url":null,"abstract":"To what extent do states act differently through international organizations based in their own country relative to those located abroad? Building on scholarship on headquarters as ecosystems, city diplomacy, and informal power, I argue that states are more lenient vis-à-vis international organizations with headquarters in their own country. States are likely to opt for loose, rather than stringent, delegation of authority in everyday decision-making—holding the promise of increased informal influence and greater mutual trust and embeddedness over time. In the context of earmarked funding by Western donors—my empirical case—I hypothesize that donors are likely to provide less stringent funding to international organizations with headquarters in their own countries. Examining voluntary contributions from 32 donors to 255 international organizations between 1990 and 2020, I find support for my argument: international organizations receive less stringent earmarked funding from the donor-country in which the organization is headquartered. In additional analyses, I show that these effects are driven by thematic earmarking, and that the magnitude of the effects increases over time. I also discuss the two extreme cases of the United States and Switzerland to illustrate potential mechanisms. Taken together, my findings have important implications for our understanding of the micro-foundations of state action, the geography of international organizations, and earmarked funding.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public opinion and international organizations","authors":"Lisa Dellmuth, Jonas Tallberg","doi":"10.1007/s11558-025-09614-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-025-09614-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfect scapegoats? Blaming and defending the International Monetary Fund","authors":"Tim Heinkelmann-Wild, Tom Hunter, Sujeong Shim","doi":"10.1007/s11558-025-09607-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-025-09607-1","url":null,"abstract":"International organizations (IOs) are considered ideal scapegoats for opportunistic member state governments. Yet we know surprisingly little about whether and when governments indeed shift blame onto IOs. We argue that IO scapegoating is not as pervasive as commonly assumed because blaming IOs is costly. Blaming IOs undermines governments’ credibility and threatens their cooperation gains. To reap cooperation gains, governments can instead <jats:italic>defend</jats:italic> the IO and bear public discontent. We theorize a <jats:italic>Cooperation-Contestation Trade-Off</jats:italic> that explains when governments blame or defend IOs: governments that rely heavily on international cooperation are more likely to defend IOs while governments that expect costly domestic contestation are more likely to blame them. We assess our theory by examining governments’ communication about the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – an IO commonly assumed to be a perfect scapegoat. With an originally collected dataset of more than 800 statements referring to the IMF made by heads of governments in major IMF borrower countries, we find supportive evidence for our expectations. Crucially, we observe that whilst governments do frequently blame the IMF, they in fact defend the Fund <jats:italic>more</jats:italic> than they blame it. Our findings yield important implications for international cooperation in times of heightened politicization of IOs.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donors’ technology interests and the allocation of development aid for climate change mitigation","authors":"Adrianna Pineda, Florian Egli, Tobias S. Schmidt","doi":"10.1007/s11558-025-09613-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-025-09613-3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates how technology differences shape the relationship between donor export interests and the allocation of official development assistance (ODA) for green electricity technologies (GETs). Utilizing ODA and export data from 22 OECD donor countries between 2006 and 2020, we employ quasi-binomial regression to examine how commercial interests influence bilateral and earmarked multilateral ODA commitments across wind, solar PV, hydropower, and grid technologies. Our findings reveal systematic variation in export-aid relationships across technologies. Stronger wind and hydropower export interests are associated with significantly higher aid shares. Evidence for this relationship is especially strong for ODA committed through directly donor-controlled bilateral channels, while tentative for project-earmarked multilateral aid. Conversely, solar PV exports are associated with reduced aid shares, while grid technology exports show no significant relationship with aid allocation. Notably, the association of aid and exports varies significantly across technologies, reflecting differences in technology and market characteristics. The positive relationships for wind and hydropower align with donor countries’ competitive advantages in complex, design-intensive technologies with high barriers to entry. The negative solar PV relationship reflects less competitive donor exports and the relevance of solar PV technologies for broader development objectives, likely leading exporters to prefer alternative promotion mechanisms. In the case of grid technologies, the lack of a statistically significant export-aid relationship is consistent with their role as enabling infrastructure benefiting diverse commercial and developmental interests. Our analysis indicates that commercial motivations in aid allocation vary systematically across technologies, including in donors’ commitments to international organizations. The results underscore the need for recipient countries and international organizations to consider technology-specific donor incentives when anticipating resource mobilization patterns. These findings have important implications for climate finance, as green industrial policies may stimulate aid flows for complex technologies while creating potential tensions between donor export strategies and recipient localization objectives.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Americanism and foreign aid preferences among political elites: Evidence from Tunisia","authors":"Alexandra Domike Blackman, Aytuğ Şaşmaz, Renu Singh, Scott Williamson","doi":"10.1007/s11558-025-09611-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-025-09611-5","url":null,"abstract":"International aid is a key resource for local development, and project implementation is influenced by local political elites. However, we know little about how these elites view aid and whether they are more likely to prefer some funding sources over others. We explore elite attitudes toward aid in Tunisia, arguing that local politicians are less likely to prefer development programs funded by the United States compared to other domestic or foreign sources. Through a conjoint experiment embedded in a survey of local Tunisian politicians, we find a strong aversion to local development projects funded by USAID. Analysis of subgroup effects and comparisons to other international donors suggests the negative reaction is driven by ideological rather than material concerns. This research provides insights into elite perceptions of foreign aid in recipient countries and contributes to our understanding of how anti-Americanism can affect policymaking in the Middle East.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization in American support for International Organizations, 2017–2024","authors":"Sevdenur Koru, Diana C. Mutz","doi":"10.1007/s11558-025-09605-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-025-09605-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twin diplomacy: Strategic co-author selection and resolution outcomes at the UNSC","authors":"Andrea Knapp","doi":"10.1007/s11558-025-09610-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-025-09610-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}