Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100103
Subba Rao Cheekatla
{"title":"Triquinane based natural products via cycloadditions and metathesis","authors":"Subba Rao Cheekatla","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triquinane natural products are an interesting class of polycyclic frameworks that have attracted considerable interest because of their distinct structures and diverse array of biological applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties and biological diversity of these scaffolds make them promising candidates for drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. These frameworks have a central structure of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring which is linked to another cycloalkane ring generating the a unique tricyclic arrangement. The design and synthesis of triquinane framework is very challenging because of their intricate three-dimensional structure and the requirement for accurate organization of numerous stereocenters. Based on thorough review of literature, cycloadditions and metathesis play a pivotal role for constructing these exciting class of complex frameworks in an efficient and selective manner. In this review we focused mainly on how cycloadditions and metathesis strategies are significant in total synthesis of these interesting class of scaffolds. Here, we summarized the synthetic strategies of linear, angular, and propellane types of triquinane natural products <em>via</em> different cycloaddition protocols as well as photothermal and olefin metathesis which are used as key steps in the total synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly efficient and selective anticancer approach through acrolein-triggered cycloaddition chemistry in patient-derived xenografts: Mechanistic and preclinical investigation","authors":"Yuria Takahashi , Kazuki Terashima , Taiji Shimoda , Masayuki Nagahashi , Koji Morimoto , Sayaka Urano , Kozo Kataoka , Hisashi Shinohara , Yasuo Miyoshi , Ambara R. Pradipta , Katsunori Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of anticancer treatments in the clinical setting can be improved by decreasing off-target effects. Chemistry-based methods are emerging as a promising strategy to overcome this limitation. We previously developed a prodrug strategy using mitomycin C (MMC) activated at the tumor site by the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of endogenous acrolein, which is overexpressed in various cancers. Herein, we report the results of mechanistic and preclinical studies using a prodrug of doxorubicin (DOX), which is used in the treatment of several cancers, but its dosage is restricted by off-target effects. First, we developed robust chemistry methods for the synthesis of large amounts of prodrug for animal experiments. The DOX prodrug showed high anticancer efficacy without off-target effects even at high doses. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, biodistribution, and serum protein binding studies supported the <em>in vivo</em> anticancer efficacy of DOX derivatization with the hydrophobic 2,6-diisopropyl azidobenzylcarbamate protecting group. This enhanced albumin binding, thereby increasing circulatory residence (serum stability). The stabilized prodrug could only be activated at the tumor site by reacting with endogenous acrolein to gradually release the required amounts of drug. Inhibiting overproduction of the drug and its circulation back into the blood minimized off-target effects. Nonspecific organ accumulation was not observed, supporting the safety of the prodrug <em>in vivo</em>. DOX and MMC prodrugs showed selective anticancer efficacy against patient-derived samples from lung, colorectal, gastric, and breast cancers. The proposed <em>in vivo</em> chemical strategy should be tested in clinical trials in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100105
Tomas Hardwick, Nisar Ahmed
{"title":"Automation in electrifying flow organic synthesis","authors":"Tomas Hardwick, Nisar Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic electrochemical synthesis may be combined with continuous flow and automation technology. Here, the authors highlight the benefits of such chemical engineering approaches along with technology and software directions taking organic chemistry into the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100087
Rajiv Karmakar , Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
{"title":"l-Proline catalyzed synthesis of biologically promising heterocycles under sustainable conditions","authors":"Rajiv Karmakar , Chhanda Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Catalysis field wherein a tiny organic molecule like <span><em>l</em></span>-proline is an efficient and selectively catalyzed organic reaction. Catalyst-supported organic synthesis is confirmed to be involved in the fast synthesis of novel compounds with selectivity and enhanced biological activities. <span><em>l</em></span>-proline catalyzed reactions are valuable tools for the making of different heterocycles, acyclic, and carbocyclic scaffolds that signify the main framework of most of the bio-active compounds. A few decades ago, novel tools for the manufacturing of bio-active molecules had a huge impact on organic chemistry. Subsequently, the synthesis of biologically important heterocycles through a synthetically proficient and environmentally benign route is the important purpose of modern synthetic chemistry. In this review, we discuss only <span><em>l</em></span>-proline catalyzed organic reactions (including condensation, addition, asymmetric, multi-components, and other modular reactions) for the sustainable synthesis of biologically promising heterocycles in a single trencher that may provide as a piece of reliable literature for further research in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X24000263/pdfft?md5=7360970aaabda90d1ad3e7b8516a7217&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X24000263-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100085
Heorhii V. Posternak , Olena D. Semoshkina , Vasyl Y. Hys , Demyd S. Milokhov , Pavlo A. Virych , Svitlana V. Shishkina , Yulian M. Volovenko , Alexey V. Dobrydnev
{"title":"Expedient synthesis of 8-membered azasultams: A combined synthetic, DFT, and in vitro study","authors":"Heorhii V. Posternak , Olena D. Semoshkina , Vasyl Y. Hys , Demyd S. Milokhov , Pavlo A. Virych , Svitlana V. Shishkina , Yulian M. Volovenko , Alexey V. Dobrydnev","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein we describe the novel approach to the synthesis of functionalized ind(az)olo-fused 1,2,4-thiadiazocine 1,1-dioxides through the CSIC (<em>Carbanion-mediated Sulfonate (Sulfonamide) Intermolecular Coupling (Intramolecular Cyclization</em>) reaction strategy. 1,2,4-Thiadiazocine 1,1-dioxides (put simply 8-membered <em>aza</em>sultams) are increasingly popular but quite underrepresented in the literature compounds, were prepared in two simple steps and good yield from readily available reagents. Particularly, the alkylation of 7-functionalized ind(az)oles with <em>N</em>-(chloromethyl)-<em>N</em>-methylmethanesulfonamide gave the corresponding <em>N</em>-((1<em>H</em>-ind(az)ol-1-yl)methyl)-<em>N</em>-methylmethane-sulfonamides which underwent base-mediated cyclization affording the target 8-membered <em>aza</em>sultams. The method worked well and provided <em>aza</em>sultams decorated with a set of synthetically valuable handles. The conducted DFT calculations explained and rationalized the experimental data thus allowing us to formulate the rules of the structure‒activity relationship. Despite the prepared compounds showing weak cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, they are considered novel building blocks and perspective pharmacological templates prone to further optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X2400024X/pdfft?md5=8a5acacf07f97bf098fa955907034fa1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X2400024X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100088
Mohammad Nuruzzaman , Zeinab M. Nizam , Jun Ohata
{"title":"Fluoroalcohols for chemical modification of biomolecules","authors":"Mohammad Nuruzzaman , Zeinab M. Nizam , Jun Ohata","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While their broad utility in various chemistry fields were well recognized for decades, fluoroalcohols have recently emerged as a unique solvent system for bioconjugation development. This review describes examples and roles of fluoroalcohols such as trifluoroethanol (TFE) and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) for chemical modification of biomolecules such as polypeptides, nucleic acids, and saccharides. Many chemical modification processes were facilitated by notable functions of those fluoroalcohols such as a proton shuttle, reversible adduct formation with reactive species, and compatibility with electrochemistry/photochemistry. The usefulness of the fluoroalcohol solvents can be even promoted by its combination with a different solvent system for reaction enhancement and protein stabilization. The collection of the various chemical transformations in this review is an indication of the rapid growth of the solvent-assisted bioconjugation field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X24000275/pdfft?md5=d9767242f2ace4ca37be9903a81b356c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X24000275-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100080
Sheng Zhang, Man-Bo Li
{"title":"Repurposing HER catalysis toward metal hydride-mediated electro-reductive transformations","authors":"Sheng Zhang, Man-Bo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is known as one of the most cardinal reactions in energy chemistry. In the field, tremendous efforts have been devoted to discovering highly efficient catalysts and investigating the reaction mechanism. Metal hydrides are the most critical intermediates in the HER catalysis, and they also exhibit versatile reactivity in organic transformations. Redirecting HER catalysis for metal hydride-mediated electrochemical transformations would provide effective solutions for some challenging issues in conventional organic chemistry. Although some remarkable progress has recently been achieved in the cross-subject, the synthetic chemistry community has yet to fully understand the related catalytic mechanism and catalyst design. Herein, we conclude the catalytic HER mechanism and catalyst design principles to facilitate the repurposing HER catalysis toward organic electrochemistry. Recent examples of metal hydride-mediated electro-reductive transformations have also been covered, including the reduction of unsaturated bonds and the functionalization of C–H bonds. Additionally, we discussed challenges and future developments in the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X24000196/pdfft?md5=69ceaa5807bacf0325ed1656a32e9535&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X24000196-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100084
Hiroshige Ogawa, Hugh Nakamura
{"title":"Atroposelective total synthesis of strecintide 839","authors":"Hiroshige Ogawa, Hugh Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The first total synthesis of the recently isolated strecintide 839 is reported. Strecintide 839 is one of the RiPP natural products that have been vigorously isolated in recent years and is known to possess the extremely rare and highly strained atrop-Trp-Trp linkage. This study details the comprehensive investigation into the construction of the highly strained atrop-Trp-Trp linkage and its application in the total synthesis of strecintide 839.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X24000238/pdfft?md5=030aa36d47ed9088ca853406782b001e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X24000238-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100077
Changmei Liu , Chengyue Miao , Xiaorui Chen , Yan Zhang , Yijian Rao , Zhenbo Yuan
{"title":"Biocatalytic reactions, crystal structures and mechanisms of kynurenine formamidases","authors":"Changmei Liu , Chengyue Miao , Xiaorui Chen , Yan Zhang , Yijian Rao , Zhenbo Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kynurenine (Kyn) as a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is prevalent in various bioactive natural products, and plays a pivotal role in metabolism and related diseases. Thus, several synthetic methods toward Kyn have been established with the employment of acid/base-mediated hydrolysis reaction to remove the formyl group of <em>N</em>-formylkynurenine (NFK), which is not satisfied with the trend of green chemistry. Learning from nature, kynurenine formamidase is considered a promising biocatalyst to realize the hydrolysis of NFK as alternative to the environmentally unfriendly acid or base. For these reasons, interest in the kynurenine formamidase has increased, but the research area still remains relatively underexplored. In this review, the recent investigations on the biocatalytic reactions, crystal structures and mechanisms of the kynurenine formamidases in combination with the homologous enzymes with inferred kynurenine formamidase activity are summarized. This review may help researchers understand kynurenine formamidase further and apply them in the preparation of Kyn for natural products synthesis and drug development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X24000160/pdfft?md5=9ac8cf7e28a6ada9565c2b45b1d4231c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X24000160-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141333242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100081
Ronit S. Bernard , Ajit Kumar Jha , Marcin Kalek
{"title":"Electrochemical oxidations through hypervalent iodine redox catalysis","authors":"Ronit S. Bernard , Ajit Kumar Jha , Marcin Kalek","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, a growing number of oxidations that involve electrochemical regeneration of catalytic hypervalent iodine species has been developed. These transformations benefit from the combination of rich reactivity offered by hypervalent iodine compounds and sustainability advantage provided by electrocatalysis, which eliminates the need for any stoichiometric redox reagents. This review provides a systematic overview of this emerging field, covering the most abundant two-electron electrocatalysis with iodoarenes via I(I)/I(III) redox cycle, the isolated existing example of I(V)/I(VII) cycle, and a newly developed approach exploiting iodoarenes as I(I)/I(II) single-electron transfer mediators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X24000202/pdfft?md5=9e1b9a3fd8e3b72f0ea145bc80235b83&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X24000202-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}