Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100123
Yingqian Li, Yali Liu, Yan Liu, Xiaowei Ma, Liang Xu, Ping Liu
{"title":"Metal-free sulfenylation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline with diaryl disulfide facilitated by TBATB","authors":"Yingqian Li, Yali Liu, Yan Liu, Xiaowei Ma, Liang Xu, Ping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A direct metal-free C1–H sulfenylation reaction of pyrrolo[1,2-<em>a</em>]quinoxaline with diaryl disulfides was developed at 50 °C using tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB) as a promoter. Notably, raising the reaction temperature to 100 °C, TBATB played the dual role of both promoter and reactant, resulting in the simultaneous formation of C1–S bond and C3–Br bonds. The protocol has mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and good chemical and regioselectivity. In addition, the bifunctionalized reaction can be carried out smoothly at a gram-scale level, enabling the synthesis of structurally diverse pyrrolo[1,2-<em>a</em>]quinoxaline compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100122
Congyang Li , Ruochen Pang , Weiwu Ren
{"title":"Synthesis of novel benzo fused bridged azaheterocycles through the reaction of chalcone with hydrazone","authors":"Congyang Li , Ruochen Pang , Weiwu Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We reported a direct construction of aza-[3.3.1]-bicycles from 2-aminochalcones and hydrazone. Notably, this method formed a potentially biologically active bridged structure containing multiple nitrogen atoms under mild conditions with high yields. This reaction exhibits broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. This is a new type of benzo fused bridged azaheterocycles, which will be beneficial for further research on this skeleton.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supramolecular light-harvesting systems based on cyanostilbene derivatives","authors":"Fengyao Cui, Qiaona Zhang, Xiaoman Dang, Tangxin Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosynthesis provides a natural model for efficient light harvesting, inspiring the development of artificial systems designed to mimic this capability in capturing and converting solar energy. Artificial light-harvesting systems (LHSs) have thus become a key area of research, with promising applications in sensing, imaging, photocatalysis, and optoelectronics. Among the materials explored for LHSs, cyanostilbene derivatives stand out due to their ease of synthesis and unique photophysical properties, such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE) enhancement. These molecules can self-assemble into supramolecular structures through non-covalent interactions, including host–guest interactions, multiple hydrogen bonds, amphiphilic interactions, and metal-ligand coordination, offering tunable architectures for efficient energy transfer and light absorption. This minireview examines recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and functional performance of cyanostilbene-based supramolecular LHSs, analyzing their efficiency and adaptability in energy transfer processes. Future research may focus on integrating these systems with nanomaterials and exploring their potential in advanced energy conversion devices, offering new avenues for sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2025-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100119
Fen-Dou Wang , Jin Jiang , Tiantian Xu , Wen-Chao Yang , Shu-Peng Zhang , Min Wang , Pinhua Li
{"title":"Synthesis of Acylbenzo[b]thiophenes, benzofurans and indoles via intramolecular oxidative cyclization enabled by photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)","authors":"Fen-Dou Wang , Jin Jiang , Tiantian Xu , Wen-Chao Yang , Shu-Peng Zhang , Min Wang , Pinhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient strategy for intramolecular oxidative cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles toward 3-acylbenzo[<em>b</em>]thiophenes by photochemical hydrogen atom transfer catalysis has been developed. 3-Acylbenzo[<em>b</em>]selenophenes, benzofurans and indoles can also be prepared by this protocol. This reaction is convenient to perform at room temperature under simple conditions using air as the oxidant. Mechanistic studies revealed that the formation of α-thioalkyl radicals intermediate is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100118
Nadezhda V. Stoletova , Alexander F. Smol'yakov , Andrey A. Tyutyunov , Victor I. Maleev , Vladimir A. Larionov
{"title":"A radical hydrohaloalkylation of the ligand sphere of a chiral dehydroalanine Ni(II) complex: An asymmetric route to halogenated α-amino acid derivatives","authors":"Nadezhda V. Stoletova , Alexander F. Smol'yakov , Andrey A. Tyutyunov , Victor I. Maleev , Vladimir A. Larionov","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An asymmetric synthetic protocol for the access to chiral artificial halogenated α-amino acid (α-AA) derivatives was elaborated through the radical functionalization of a double bond in the ligand sphere of a robust chiral dehydroalanine Belokon's Ni(II) complex by hydrohaloalkylation reaction. A 4-cyano-pyrydine/B<sub>2</sub>Pin<sub>2</sub> system promoted the <em>in situ</em> generation of radicals from halocarbons (including the hetero halogen atoms) for the subsequent coupling with the Ni(II) complex, providing the desired complexes with the yields in the range of 40–65%. The further post-modification of the side AA chain allowed to obtain the complexes with cyclopropane ring and to substitute the bromine atom on hydrogen one as well. Exemplary, two enantiopure α-AAs, including (<em>S</em>)-2-amino-4,4,4-trichlorobutanoic acid, were isolated by an acidic decomposition of the single diastereomeric Ni(II) complexes along with the recovery of the chiral auxiliary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100115
Mikhail A. Emelyanov , Alexander V. Bachinskiy , Yana V. Derkach , Vasiliy A. Chaliy , Alexander F. Smol'yakov , Michael G. Medvedev , Aleksei A. Titov , Victor I. Maleev , Vladimir A. Larionov
{"title":"Design of a chiral molecular pocket in a Ni(II) complex to improve stereoselectivity in the kinetic resolution of racemic epoxides with CO2","authors":"Mikhail A. Emelyanov , Alexander V. Bachinskiy , Yana V. Derkach , Vasiliy A. Chaliy , Alexander F. Smol'yakov , Michael G. Medvedev , Aleksei A. Titov , Victor I. Maleev , Vladimir A. Larionov","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The kinetic resolution of racemic epoxides using the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) molecule is of significant practical interest because the reaction yields the valuable products – enantiomerically enriched cyclic carbonates (1,3-dioxolan-2-ones), along with the remaining opposite enantiomer of the epoxide. However, one is the main challenges in this direction is the absence of the universal and efficient chiral catalytic systems for the resolution of different epoxides by CO<sub>2</sub> with a high selectivity factor (<em>s</em>). In this context, we herein present a perspective proof-of-concept approach for the improvement of stereoselectivity in the resolution of terminal epoxides by a rational design of an appropriate chiral molecular pocket in a Ni(II) complex based on commercially available (<em>S</em>)-(2-aminomethyl)pyrrolidine and 3,5-di-<em>tert</em>-butylsalicylaldehyde. The obtained chiral Ni(II) complex with iodide-anion catalyzes the kinetic resolution of epoxides by CO<sub>2</sub> with <em>s</em>-factor up to 7.8, while the addition of a suitable chiral ligand to this system, particularly, (<em>S</em>)-(2-anilinomethyl)pyrrolidine led to the increasing of <em>s</em>-factor up to 11.5 in the case of challenging styrene oxide (<em>ee</em> of styrene cyclic carbonate was 82%) which is being one of the best results for this substrate to date. It is gratifying to note that even achiral co-ligands can be used, greatly simplifying the catalytic system. The experimental and spectral data and DFT calculations revealed the mechanism of catalysis and enantioselection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100114
Artem A. Antonov , Konstantin P. Bryliakov
{"title":"Direct selective azidation of C(sp3)−H groups","authors":"Artem A. Antonov , Konstantin P. Bryliakov","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic azides are convenient and versatile intermediates for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing scaffolds, including biologically active compounds, approved drugs, functional materials, etc. Designing general approaches to deliberately chemo-, regio-, and steroselective synthesis of aliphatic azides is an urgent task of synthetic chemistry. Particularly challenging is direct azidation of non-activated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H groups, capable of providing ready access to remote and late-stage functionalization of complex targets without need for re-designing existing multistep synthetic procedures. This contribution surveys the C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H azidation approaches known to date, both non-catalytic and catalytic, including enzyme-mediated ones, with the major focus on the synthetic perspective of these transformations. Essential mechanistic details are briefly discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100116
Binbin Huang
{"title":"Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for indazole synthesis","authors":"Binbin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The indazole core is prevalently found in the structures of bioactive molecules, demonstrating promising potential in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, which therefore has attracted sustained attention from the synthetic community. Over the recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in both organic photocatalysis and electrosynthesis, offering novel approaches for the efficient and sustainable synthesis of various functionalized indazoles. This mini-review highlights the emerging methodological advancements in photo-/electro-chemical synthesis of two common forms of indazole, namely 1<em>H</em>- and 2<em>H</em>-indazoles, which are classified by specific intramolecular bond formation patterns: (1) C–C bond formation, (2) C–N bond formation, and (3) N–N bond formation. The reaction conditions, representative scopes, and mechanistic understandings of these protocols are emphasized, to elucidate the advantages and limitations in current strategies, with an aim to inspire future innovations that may address challenges in modern indazole synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100113
Zhen Song, Yueming Wang, Ming Ma, Yuanhong Ma
{"title":"Synthesis of allenones via nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of propargyl esters with acyl chlorides","authors":"Zhen Song, Yueming Wang, Ming Ma, Yuanhong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling of two electrophilic components has proved to be a powerful and step-economic tool for forging diverse organic molecules. However, the application of such strategy for the synthesis of allenones that are very important in pharmaceutical chemistry and synthetic chemistry remains very limited and challenging. Herein, we have developed a nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of propargyl esters with acyl chlorides, which affords an alternative route for the synthesis of allenones. The current catalytic protocol features readily available starting materials, wide substrate scope, mild conditions and good regioselectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly efficient and selective anticancer approach through acrolein-triggered cycloaddition chemistry in patient-derived xenografts: Mechanistic and preclinical investigation","authors":"Yuria Takahashi , Kazuki Terashima , Taiji Shimoda , Masayuki Nagahashi , Koji Morimoto , Sayaka Urano , Kozo Kataoka , Hisashi Shinohara , Yasuo Miyoshi , Ambara R. Pradipta , Katsunori Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of anticancer treatments in the clinical setting can be improved by decreasing off-target effects. Chemistry-based methods are emerging as a promising strategy to overcome this limitation. We previously developed a prodrug strategy using mitomycin C (MMC) activated at the tumor site by the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of endogenous acrolein, which is overexpressed in various cancers. Herein, we report the results of mechanistic and preclinical studies using a prodrug of doxorubicin (DOX), which is used in the treatment of several cancers, but its dosage is restricted by off-target effects. First, we developed robust chemistry methods for the synthesis of large amounts of prodrug for animal experiments. The DOX prodrug showed high anticancer efficacy without off-target effects even at high doses. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, biodistribution, and serum protein binding studies supported the <em>in vivo</em> anticancer efficacy of DOX derivatization with the hydrophobic 2,6-diisopropyl azidobenzylcarbamate protecting group. This enhanced albumin binding, thereby increasing circulatory residence (serum stability). The stabilized prodrug could only be activated at the tumor site by reacting with endogenous acrolein to gradually release the required amounts of drug. Inhibiting overproduction of the drug and its circulation back into the blood minimized off-target effects. Nonspecific organ accumulation was not observed, supporting the safety of the prodrug <em>in vivo</em>. DOX and MMC prodrugs showed selective anticancer efficacy against patient-derived samples from lung, colorectal, gastric, and breast cancers. The proposed <em>in vivo</em> chemical strategy should be tested in clinical trials in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}