Constantin Mayer, Alina Rühlemann, Andre Busch, Marcus Jäger
{"title":"Measures of Knee Capability in Handball Players Differ by Age: A Cross Sectional Study.","authors":"Constantin Mayer, Alina Rühlemann, Andre Busch, Marcus Jäger","doi":"10.1055/a-1926-0817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1926-0817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The return to sport after knee injury is challenging. This is burdensome for sports with a high incidence of injuries, such as team handball. Various tests guide decision making, but often the athlete's preinjury performance of these measures remains unknown. Moreover, objective return-to-sport criteria of a matching population are missing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objective measures of knee capability in handball depending on players' age. Two hundred sixty-one handball players performed a functional test battery designed to evaluate knee capability after an anterior cruciate ligament injury: two- and one-legged stability analysis, jumps, speed tests, and agility assessments. For age-specific evaluation, athletes were divided into three age groups (16-19; 20-29;≥30 years). Male players showed differences in two and one-legged jumping height (p<0.02) as well as power per body weight (p<0.01) between age groups. Young female players reached better results in two-and one-legged stability. Besides the quick feet test, results of females did not differ between age groups. Functional knee stability in healthy handball players is partly influenced by age, and females show better results in stability and male athletes in power measurements. This aspect should be considered for return to sports testing and underlines the importance of performance measures in athletic testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"6 2","pages":"E60-E68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e7/7b/10-1055-a-1926-0817.PMC9790767.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10454315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cordula Leonie Merle, Jan C Wuestenfeld, Fabian Fenkse, Bernd Wolfarth, Rainer Haak, Gerhard Schmalz, Dirk Ziebolz
{"title":"The Significance of Oral Inflammation in Elite Sports: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Cordula Leonie Merle, Jan C Wuestenfeld, Fabian Fenkse, Bernd Wolfarth, Rainer Haak, Gerhard Schmalz, Dirk Ziebolz","doi":"10.1055/a-1964-8538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1964-8538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, there has been intense discussion about sports dentistry and potential interactions between oral health and athletes' performance. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature about oral inflammation in sports. For this purpose, it presents the most common types of oral inflammation (gingivitis, periodontitis, pericoronitis, apical periodontitis), and their prevalence in athletes. Both the impact of oral inflammation on performance and causes for oral inflammation in athletes are discussed by presenting current literature. Finally, international recommendations for dental care in sports are presented. Several studies stated a high prevalence of oral inflammation in athletes, especially of gingivitis (58-97%) and periodontitis (41%). Also, many athletes report oral pain (17-30%) and a negative impact of oral health on training (3-9%). Besides this, a systemic impact of oral inflammation is discussed: In periodontitis patients, blood parameters and physical fitness are changed. In athletes, associations between muscle injuries and poor oral health are reported. There are deficits in oral health behavior. Furthermore, systemic changes due to physical stress could influence oral tissues. Overall, complex bidirectional interactions between competitive sports and oral inflammation are possible. Regular dental examinations and prevention strategies should be implemented in sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"6 2","pages":"E69-E79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/95/02/10-1055-a-1964-8538.PMC9839431.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9099335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua A J Keogh, Matthew C Ruder, Zaryan Masood, Dylan Kobsar
{"title":"The Ecological Validity of Countermovement Jump to On-Court Asymmetry in Basketball.","authors":"Joshua A J Keogh, Matthew C Ruder, Zaryan Masood, Dylan Kobsar","doi":"10.1055/a-1947-4848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1947-4848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jump-based asymmetry is often used as an indicator of sport performance and may be used to discern injury susceptibility. Due to task specificity, however, countermovement jump asymmetry may not be representative of on-court asymmetry. As such, we assessed the association between countermovement jump asymmetry and on-court impact asymmetry metrics (n=3, and n=4, respectively) using linear regressions (α=0.05). Fifteen female basketball athletes completed countermovement jump and on-court sessions across a competitive season. A significant negative association was found between peak landing force asymmetry and both overall and medium acceleration on-court asymmetry (b=-0.1, R <sup>2</sup> =0.08, p<0.001; b=-0.1, R <sup>2 </sup> =0.11, p<0.001, respectively), as well as between peak propulsive force asymmetry and on-court medium acceleration asymmetry (b=-0.24, R <sup>2</sup> =0.04, p=0.01). Alternatively, both peak landing and peak propulsive force asymmetry were significantly positively associated with on-court high acceleration asymmetry (b=0.17, R <sup>2 </sup> =0.08, p<0.001; b=0.35, R <sup>2</sup> =0.02, p=0.04, respectively). While some overlap may exist, countermovement jump and on-court impact asymmetry appear to be independent. Thus, sport-specific monitoring may be necessary to adequately monitor injury susceptibility using asymmetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":" ","pages":"E53-E59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/75/10-1055-a-1947-4848.PMC9635953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Winters, Steven Doty, Melanie Lott, James Baker
{"title":"Neuromechanical Integration of Pelvic-Thoracic Rotation among Youth Baseball Throwers.","authors":"Eric Winters, Steven Doty, Melanie Lott, James Baker","doi":"10.1055/a-1854-1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1854-1007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The kinetic sequencing involved in the overhead throw anticipates an orchestration of body movement in which the more proximal segments of the body initiate movement prior to the more distal segment. This investigation explored neuromuscular and kinematic characteristics associated with one aspect of this kinetic sequencing, pelvic-to-thoracic rotation. Neuromuscular activation was recorded using surface electromyography and kinematic data was acquired using 3D videography. Specific objectives included 1) to describe the maximum angulation between the pelvic and thoracic body segments (X <sub>max angle</sub> ), 2) to test the hypothesis that glove-side external oblique peak neuromuscular activation (GEOPA) occurs before X <sub>max angle</sub> , 3) to test the hypothesis that throwing-side external oblique peak neuromuscular activation (TEOPA) occurs following X <sub>max angle</sub> . Results show the mean X <sub>max angle</sub> to be 45.96 degrees (±10.83). The time of mean GEOPA (2.3653 sec±0.9094) occurred following the time of mean X <sub>max angle</sub> (2.2793 sec,±0.9026, p<0.01), thus refuting the first hypothesis. The time of mean TEOPA (2.3658 sec,±0.8978) occurred following the time of mean X <sub>max angle</sub> (2.2793 sec,±0.9026, p<0.01), thus confirming the second hypothesis. Results suggest that youth baseball participants may not adequately utilize the core of the body to fully benefit from the optimal kinetic sequencing postulated within the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":" ","pages":"E47-E52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/3f/10-1055-a-1854-1007.PMC9377834.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40621699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Physiological and Cardiologic Effects of Long Video Gaming Sessions in Adult Males.","authors":"Kasper Bygum Krarup, Jesper Mosgaard Rantanen, Morten Mørk, Inge Søkilde Pedersen, Jeppe Hagstrup Christensen, Søren Risom Kristensen, Aase Handberg, Henrik Bygum Krarup","doi":"10.1055/a-1858-8436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1858-8436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of long gaming sessions on energy intake, caffeine intake, blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, and biochemical cardiac injury markers is unknown. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the changes in healthy male adults during two consecutive 18-hour sedentary video gaming sessions. Nine participants were enrolled in the study. Energy intake was noted in food diaries. Heart rate variability was monitored continuously; blood pressure and cardiac injury markers were measured every three to six hours. During the 42-hour study, the participants had an energy and caffeine intake of 8004.9 kcal and 1354.4 mg, respectively. The participants had a significant decrease in energy intake in the second session (p=0.01). A strong, negative correlation was found between body mass index and total energy intake (R=-0.84, p=0.005) and waist circumference and total energy intake (R=-0.70, p=0.036) in the first session. No nightly dip in blood pressure or heart rate was observed. Based on this study, long-term adverse effects of gaming cannot be ruled out. The non-dip of HR and BP suggests that long gaming sessions could be detrimental to cardiovascular health long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":" ","pages":"E39-E46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/09/10-1055-a-1858-8436.PMC9307323.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40535002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Schedler, Stella Marie Graf, Thomas Muehlbauer
{"title":"Effects of Different Balance Training Volumes on Children's Dynamic Balance.","authors":"Simon Schedler, Stella Marie Graf, Thomas Muehlbauer","doi":"10.1055/a-1811-1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1811-1145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concerning balance training, the most effective design of several load dimensions (e. g., training frequency, volume) is unclear. Thus, we determined the effects of different balance training volumes on dynamic balance in healthy children. Three groups of 20 children (age: 11.0±0.7 years; 47% females) were randomly assigned to a balance training group using a low or a high training volume or an active control group that performed regular physical education lessons. All groups trained for 8 weeks (2 sessions/week), whereby balance training volume amounted to 4 min/session and 18-24 min/session for the low- and high-volume group, respectively. Pre- and post-training, balance performance was assessed using the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test and the Timed-Up-and-Go Test. Fifty-five children completed the study and significant Test x Group interactions were detected for both outcome measures in favor of the two balance training groups. Additionally, improvements in the high-volume group were significantly larger for some measures (Y-balance test anterior reach distance: <i>p</i> <.001, <i>d</i> =.94; Timed-Up-and-Go time: <i>p</i> =.003, <i>d</i> =.81) compared to the low-volume group. The results indicate that balance training is effective to improve balance performance in healthy children and it seems that a 36-48 min/week compared to an 8 min/week training volume provides additional effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":" ","pages":"E32-E38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/ea/10-1055-a-1811-1145.PMC9276332.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40506630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Hemodynamic Changes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Hiroaki Inoue, Yuji Arai, Shuji Nakagawa, Yuta Fujii, Kenta Kaihara, Kenji Takahashi","doi":"10.1055/a-1807-8549","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-1807-8549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The resumption of blood flow is an important factor in the remodeling process of the graft. The purpose of this study is to evaluate hemodynamic changes after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) as the evaluation of graft remodeling. Eleven knees that underwent anatomical MPFL reconstruction with the semitendinosus tendon were studied. We evaluated the blood flow around the bone tunnel wall in the arterial phase using MRA approximate 3 months and 1 year after surgery. Clinical and radiological evaluations were also analyzed. MRA showed an inflow vessel into the bone tunnel wall from the medial superior genicular artery on the femoral side, and from the articular branch of the descending genicular artery and the medial superior genicular artery on the patellar side. This contrast effect was decreased at 12 months after surgery in all cases. The clinical scores improved from baseline one year postoperatively. We revealed the blood flow to the bone tunnel wall after anatomical MPFL reconstruction is detected by MRA. The blood flow started within 2 or 3 months postoperatively and was sustained for 12 months. This study supported remodeling of the graft continues 3 months after surgery when the conformity of the patellofemoral joint stabilizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"6 1","pages":"E25-E31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9054922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42150718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tilman Engel, Anne Schraplau, Monique Wochatz, Stephan Kopinski, Dominik Sonnenburg, Anne Schomoeller, Lucie Risch, Hannes Kaplick, Frank Mayer
{"title":"Feasability of An Eccentric Isokinetic Protocol to Induce Trunk Muscle Damage: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Tilman Engel, Anne Schraplau, Monique Wochatz, Stephan Kopinski, Dominik Sonnenburg, Anne Schomoeller, Lucie Risch, Hannes Kaplick, Frank Mayer","doi":"10.1055/a-1757-6724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1757-6724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eccentric exercise is discussed as a treatment option for clinical populations, but specific responses in terms of muscle damage and systemic inflammation after repeated loading of large muscle groups have not been conclusively characterized. Therefore, this study tested the feasibility of an isokinetic protocol for repeated maximum eccentric loading of the trunk muscles. Nine asymptomatic participants (5 f/4 m; 34±6 yrs; 175±13 cm; 76±17 kg) performed three isokinetic 2-minute all-out trunk strength tests (1x concentric (CON), 2x eccentric (ECC1, ECC2), 2 weeks apart; flexion/extension, 60°/s, ROM 55°). Outcomes were peak torque, torque decline, total work, and indicators of muscle damage and inflammation (over 168 h). Statistics were done using the Friedman test (Dunn's post-test). For ECC1 and ECC2, peak torque and total work were increased and torque decline reduced compared to CON. Repeated ECC bouts yielded unaltered torque and work outcomes. Muscle damage markers were highest after ECC1 (soreness 48 h, creatine kinase 72 h; p<0.05). Their overall responses (area under the curve) were abolished post-ECC2 compared to post-ECC1 (p<0.05). Interleukin-6 was higher post-ECC1 than CON, and attenuated post-ECC2 (p>0.05). Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α were not detectable. All markers showed high inter-individual variability. The protocol was feasible to induce muscle damage indicators after exercising a large muscle group, but the pilot results indicated only weak systemic inflammatory responses in asymptomatic adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":" ","pages":"E9-E17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/42/cc/10-1055-a-1757-6724.PMC8934203.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40309015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Baptista, Rhai André Arriel, Ana Luiza de Castro Carvalho, Matheus M C Bispo, Alex Batista Rodrigues, Hiago Souza, Gustavo R Mota, Moacir Marocolo
{"title":"Influence of Wearing Blue Lenses on Melatonin Production and Performance in Volleyball Players.","authors":"Eduardo Baptista, Rhai André Arriel, Ana Luiza de Castro Carvalho, Matheus M C Bispo, Alex Batista Rodrigues, Hiago Souza, Gustavo R Mota, Moacir Marocolo","doi":"10.1055/a-1720-6083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1720-6083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analyzed the effects of wearing blue lenses on melatonin level, physical and cognitive performance. Fifteen youth volleyball players (15.0±1.5 yrs) attended the laboratory on 3 occasions (48-h interval): on the 1 <sup>st</sup> visit they were familiarized with the procedures of the study, and on 2 <sup>nd</sup> and 3 <sup>rd</sup> visits they were submitted to the testing protocol wearing transparent (control) or blue lens glasses in a counterbalanced crossover design. The protocol consisted of 10 min in \"total darkness,\" 30 min of light stimulation (wearing blue or transparent lenses), followed by an attentional test, and an agility T-test (without wearing the glasses). Samples of saliva (to determine melatonin concentration) were obtained pre- and post-exposure (30 min) to artificial light, wearing the lenses. Sleepiness, alertness, attention, mood, and perceived recovery status and performance variables (reaction time and T-test) were assessed after lens exposure. Melatonin levels did not differ within and between groups (blue lenses, pre: 0.79±0.73 and post: 1.19±1.374 pg/dl, p=0.252, effect size (ES)=0.38; control, pre: 0.97±1.00 and post: 0.67±0.71 pg/dl, p=0.305, ES=-0.35). Nonetheless, melatonin differences were significantly correlated with physical sedation for glasses with blue lenses (r=-0.526; p=0.04). No other variables differed (p>0.05) between protocols, including T-test performance (p=0.07; ES=0.41). Blue lenses do not influence melatonin levels, cognitive/physical performance, and mood status in amateur youth volleyball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"6 1","pages":"E1-E8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/35/10-1055-a-1720-6083.PMC8860502.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39959234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Friedemann Schneider, A. Runer, F. Burkert, Jesse Seilern und Aspang, S. Reider, H. Schneider, E. Pocecco
{"title":"Digital Workout Versus Team Training: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Athletes","authors":"Friedemann Schneider, A. Runer, F. Burkert, Jesse Seilern und Aspang, S. Reider, H. Schneider, E. Pocecco","doi":"10.1055/a-1734-5457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1734-5457","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sport practice and to identify measures adopted by individuals and sports organizations to allow a safe return to community sports. An electronic survey was launched worldwide in June 2020 in the German and English languages. The questionnaire collected anonymous data on sporting activity before, during, and after pandemic-induced confinement. Participants classified themselves as either recreational, competitive, or professional sports level athletes. A total of 1336 adults (30.5±11.7 years; 54.0% women) participated in the survey; 68.5% were active athletes, 10.1% coaches, 2.1% officials and 4.3% related medical staff, 3.6% had another function, and 11.4% indicated no regular sports activity. Most participants practiced their sport in Europe (93.8%); the majority (61.0%) was amateur athletes. During confinement, 15.7% could perform their main sport unrestricted, 43.5% stated a reduced amount of time spent on sporting activities, 46.4% a reduced intensity level. Most participants (77.5%) were neither aware of screening measures nor of guidelines for dealing with infected athletes (80.0%) or for return to sports after a coronavirus infection (88.6%). Preventive measures mentioned included basic hygiene, measures to reduce personal contacts or virus transmission, or to improve traceability of infections. During confinement, a higher age (p=0.004) and training in a club setting (p<0.001) were associated with reduced sporting activity, while the availability of online training (p=0.030 ) was linked to both increased extent and intensity levels. A lower age (p=0.001) and recreational sports level (p=0.005) were associated with decreased activity after confinement. Although isolation can be necessary to protect public health, it alters the amount and intensity of physical activity.","PeriodicalId":74857,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine international open","volume":"6 1","pages":"E18 - E24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}