Soil security最新文献

{"title":"The 5C's of soil security guiding realization of ecosystem services in line with the UN-SDGs","authors":"Johan Bouma","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have a deadline of 2030 so, restricting attention to agriculture, development and implementation of management measures, aimed at reaching the goals, is urgent. Even though the current 159 very broad targets and 234 indicators for the SDGs don't mention soils, soils play a key role when addressing indicators 2.4.1 and 15.3.1 aimed at “sustainable agriculture” and “degraded land”, by introducing operational methods to assess soil health and interdisciplinary ecosystem services in line with the SDGs. Application of the soil security concept, combining biophysical and socioeconomic approaches, is essential for sustainability research where dominant socioeconomic considerations by stakeholders should frame the biophysical analysis. If stakeholders don't embrace SDG-inspired innovative management, nothing will materialize in the real world. Much research is still needed to address inter- and transdisciplinary sustainability issues but a plea is made at this critical point in time to also apply a relatively straightforward and pragmatic research approach, essentially based on available data and methods, to assess ecosystem services, defining indicators and thresholds, in line with five key SDGs. Reference is made to an exploratory Dutch case study in a:”Living Lab”. The National Soil Health Institute in the US has already pioneered such a pragmatic approach by first emphasizing socioeconomic aspects and by incorporating the soil health analysis in regenerative farm management that is recognized by farmers. But the five ecosystem services will still have to be assessed here to maintain the link with the SDGs and the policy arena. The 5C's of soil security apply very well at farm level. The soil science profession will benefit from showing specific examples of “Living Labs” where five thresholds of ecosystem services are met, creating: ”Lighthouses” showing examples of achieved sustainable development in which soil health plays a key role as demonstrated by specific measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47789980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nepalese farmers’ perceptions of nitrogen inputs and attitudes to soil management: Implications for soil health and environmentally sustainable farming","authors":"Rajendra Joshi ,&nbsp;Bigyapti Nepal ,&nbsp;Subodh Sharma ,&nbsp;Toritseju Begho","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Across Nepal, there is a decline in soil health. Thus, soils in Nepal requires effective management to ensure its sustainability. The success of these strategies is contingent upon understanding farmers' perceptions, opinions, and attitudes towards maintaining soil health. This paper investigates the current soil management practices, farmers' perceptions of soil nutrient use in relation to soil fertility, yield, and environmental impact, attitudes to soil management, and how these differ by personal and economic characteristics. The result is based on a survey of 300 Nepalese farmers. The findings are that there is a prevalence of practices such as puddling, deep tillage, and broadcasting without incorporation. Over 60% of farmers do not consciously consider the weather or environmental impact in soil management decisions. Financial returns are a significant motivating factor for changing current soil and crop management practices for many farmers. Further, the results highlight a perception amongst a larger proportion of farmers that compared to synthetic fertiliser; manure enhances soil fertility, increases crop yield, and does less harm to biodiversity. The potential for overuse and environmental pollution from misperception around manure are supported by the findings in this paper. The regression results indicate that farmers who perceive different nitrogen inputs as increasing yield, the quality of the harvest, or harming the soil, and those who manage their soil depending on the weather with considerations for the environment tend to use less nitrogen inputs. The paper highlights aspects of farming practices, opinions, and attitudes that can be improved to maintain healthy soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44436811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil security in floodplain and river restoration projects","authors":"Mariam El Hourani,&nbsp;Gabriele Broll","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Floodplains and their soils provide a vast range of ecosystem services for nature and humans. At the same time, however, these ecosystems are among the most degraded in the world. During the past decades an increased effort has been made towards the restoration of floodplains and rivers; however, in such projects, soil is often overlooked. To assess the actual status in Germany an online survey has been conducted to investigate the obstacles to soil protection from the restorer's view, and to find ways to better integrate soil protection in such projects. The results show that soil is already present in project planning and implementation, but a special focus is set on pollution. Not all aspects of the soil are equally considered, usually because of financial constraints. Besides the financial aspect, other obstacles include complicated regulations on soil protection in Germany and a lack of soil awareness. There are efficient tools to avoid harmful soil changes on construction sites like the Pedological Construction Supervision (PCS), however, this is often seen as an additional financial and organizational burden. To better integrate soil in restoration projects, a special interest lies on the connectivity component of the Soil Security concept that aims to increase soil awareness of all stakeholders. This is accompanied by planned new soil legislation on soil protection in Germany.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47127847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in soil law and policy in New Zealand","authors":"David Grinlinton","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New Zealand has a reputation for successful and efficient agricultural production, although it has a limited supply of high-quality versatile soils. These valuable resources are under threat, both from natural forces including extreme weather events, and from the pressures of expanding urban growth into adjacent areas of high-quality soils. In this article recent developments in the legal and policy framework for soils in New Zealand are considered, and in particular the effect of the National Policy Statement for Highly Productive Land 2022 (‘NPS-HPL’). Recent caselaw involving residential and urban expansion into rural areas, often to the detriment of the continued availability of high-quality soils, will also be examined. The significant effects of recent extreme weather events in New Zealand on soil issues and productive land will be discussed, and some observations made on the lessons that can be learnt as we face increasing impacts from climate change. Finally, some comments will be offered on future developments, including proposed major resource management legislative reforms, in the context of soil law and policy in New Zealand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil resource, a pending regulatory debt in Chile","authors":"Varoliza Aguirre ,&nbsp;Sharon Viscardi ,&nbsp;Miguel Aguayo ,&nbsp;Paulo Dumont","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil is a non-renewable resource on a human scale and highly vulnerable to erosion due to anthropogenic management and the variable effects of climate. In Chile, the lack of a legislative concept for soil and changes in Land Use Capacity (LUCap) have constituted the main facilitating agents of soil erosion. Given the inadequacy of current land regulations, and to guide and contribute to the sustainability of the resource, this study presents a proposal for new land use legislation in Chile. We analyse the current national legislation on changes in the LUCap and compare the current land use in the Claro River sub-basin, Chile, with existing LUCap classes, identifying the legal criteria for establishing a national land use regulation, by comparing with international law from Costa Rica and Spain. We carried out a qualitative review analysis of 20 Chilean land use regulations and a quantitative, multi-temporal analysis of LUCap change in the Claro River sub-basin, using spatial analysis tools (ArcGIS 10.1 and/or QGIS 3.14) in Raster and Vector format. Legislations from Costa Rica and Spain were chosen due to similarities with Chilean environmental regulations. We observed that Chile must introduce a Framework Land Law with principles of protection and sustainability for regulating soil. Deforestation was the main land loss driver (60% of native forest loss) in the study area during the 16-year study period, as well as inadequate agricultural management practices. It is essential to unify legislation, following the example of comparative laws of Spain, with the vision of Costa Rica.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48779546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural lime value chain efficiency for reducing soil acidity in Ethiopia","authors":"Ali M. Oumer ,&nbsp;Samuel Diro ,&nbsp;Geremew Taye ,&nbsp;Tadele Mamo ,&nbsp;Moti Jaleta","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil acidity is challenging agricultural production in Ethiopia. Above 43% of the farmland is under soil acidity problem and it leads to low crop yields and production losses. Ag-lime is widely considered as an effective remedy for amending soil acidity. This study assesses the current structure of ag-lime value chain and its functionality focusing on central parts of Ethiopia where lime is produced and channeled to acidity affected areas. The study uses Ethiopia as a case study and applies qualitative methods such as key informant interviews and focus group discussions to collect data from different actors in the ag-lime value chain. Key findings indicate that both public and private ag-lime producing factories are operating below their capacity. Due to limited enabling environments, the engagement of private sector in ag-lime value chain is minimal. In addition, farmers have a good awareness of soil acidity problem on their farms, and its causes and mitigation strategies in all regions. However, the adoption of ag-lime by smallholders was minimal. Overall, the current structure of the ag-lime value chain appears fragmented and needs improvement. Addressing soil acidity challenge through efficient ag-lime value chain could narrow lime supply-demand mismatches and increase widespread adoption by farmers to enhance crop productivity and food security in acidity-prone areas of the country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9816294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural farming intensification significantly reduced earthworm abundance and diversity in Usangu agro-ecosystems, Tanzania","authors":"Marco E. Mng'ong'o","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Earthworms an ecologically important group of invertebrates that are crucial to delivery of many ecosystem services, but also considered ecosystem engineers playing an important role in soil fertility and land productivity. Earthworms facilitate breakdown and decomposition of plant and animal materials releasing plant nutrients. Earthworm burrows allow air and water movement in the soil but also improve soil fertility and drainages. Earthworm population in agricultural soils is influenced by different factors i.e., tillage, farming activities, soil chemistry as well as chemical contaminants. Agricultural (paddy farming) intensification with increased and excessive use of agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides) may affect earthworm population in agricultural soils. Recently, there scant studies conducted to characterize earthworm abundance and diversity in Tanzania's agro-ecosystem. Therefore, the present study characterized earthworm population in agricultural soils of contrasting intensification in Usangu agro-ecosystem (UA) to understand influence of current land use on earthworm abundance and their diversity as they have a vital role in agro-ecosystem productivity and sustainability. This study found that current paddy farming and associated activities in UA negatively affect earthworm occurrence, distribution, and diversity. Where only four dominant earthworm species were determined (<em>Apporectodea caliginosa</em> (endogeic), <em>Lumbricus terrestris</em> (Anecic), <em>Pontoscolex corentrurus</em> (endogeic), <em>Fimoscolex sporadochactus</em> (Anecic)) compared to other tropical areas. But also, highly intensified paddy farming areas (i.e., Chimala, Igalako, Ihahi, Kapunga, Mahongole, and Uturo) were observed to have earthworm abundance &lt;25 individuals/m² an FAO recommended earthworm count/m² in healthy soils compared to less intensified schemes (25-40 earthworm/m²). The earthworm abundance and biomass determined in UA was below global average of 78 individuals per m² and 150 g/m^2, indicating that UA is in deteriorating quality. Thus, current farming practices creates unfavourable environmental conditions which likely leads to migration of earthworm to other land use or death due to harsh environment created. High earthworm abundance and biomass improve land productivity via nutrient recycling, thus low earthworm counts and diversity in UA likely to threaten agro-ecosystem sustainability. The present study provides baseline information on earthworm abundance and their diversity in UA and Tanzania.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45603060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating soil aggregate stability with infrared spectroscopy and pedotransfer functions","authors":"Thomas Chalaux Clergue ,&nbsp;Nicolas P.A. Saby ,&nbsp;Alexandre M.J.-C. Wadoux ,&nbsp;Bernard G. Barthès ,&nbsp;Marine Lacoste","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil aggregate stability is an important indicator of soil condition and is directly related to soil degradation processes such as erosion and crusting. Aggregate stability is conventionally measured by testing the aggregate resistance to water disturbance mechanisms. Such measurements, however, are costly and time-consuming, which make them difficult to implement at a regional or country scale. In this study, we explore two different approaches to estimate soil aggregate stability by means of commonly-measured soil properties or mid-infrared spectroscopy measurements. The first approach relies on land use and soil properties. In the second approach aggregate stability is estimated by a model fitted with mid-infrared spectroscopic data. We tested the two approaches with a dataset composed of 202 soil samples from mainland France, in which aggregate stability was measured with a fast wetting test. We found that simple linear models based on common soil properties and models based on mid-infrared spectral data yielded similar results. Interpretation of the models revealed well-known relationships: land use had a major role in predicting aggregate stability, followed by organic carbon and clay content. Overall, we conclude that both approaches offer a reliable, cheap and time-efficient alternative to estimating soil aggregate stability. These approaches offer a tool to estimate aggregate stability over large geographical areas, which can support the development of erosive risk management plans and the implementation of adaptive management strategies to mitigate threats to soil and improve the overall soil condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47501361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of bio-organic amendment of palm oil mill effluent manure and plant growth-promoting bacteria to enhance the yield and quality of maize grains in Cameroon","authors":"Mercy Abwe Ngone ,&nbsp;Dorine Mbeh-Boh Ajoacha ,&nbsp;Denis Tange Achiri ,&nbsp;Gylaine Vanessa Tchuisseu Tchakounté ,&nbsp;Silke Ruppel ,&nbsp;Aaron Suh Tening ,&nbsp;Christopher Ngosong","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achieving soil security is essential to improve maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) production that is affected by poor soil fertility, which is often mitigated using chemical fertilizers that cause deleterious environmental effects. The potential of bio-organic amendments to boost soil security was investigated in a field study with eight treatments including; Control–no input, chemical NPK (nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium) fertilizer, Manure (palm oil mill effluent–POME), Microbes (plant growth-promoting bacteria), NPK+Manure, NPK+Microbes, Manure+Microbes, and NPK+Manure+Microbes with four replications each. Results revealed significant (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001) variations in maize grain yield across treatments with the lowest (1.8 tons ha⁻¹) in control, and the highest (3.7 tons ha⁻¹) in integrated treatments of NPK and manure or microbes. A corresponding trend occurred for 1000–maize grain weight that differed significantly (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001) across treatments with the lowest (0.53 kg) in control and the highest (0.62 kg) in integrated treatment of NPK and manure or microbes. Proximate analysis of maize grains revealed significant (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001) increase in protein contents ranging between 0.4–13% across treatments with the highest in the integrated application of NPK+Manure+Microbes. In sum, maize performance was consistent with the significant (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) increase in soil nitrogen, phosphorus and C-N ratio, with greater effect of microbes, manure and their combination. Earthworm population varied significantly (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001) across treatments with the highest (241 individuals per m³) in manure and the lowest (38 individuals per m³) in NPK treatments. Overall, these results highlight the potential of POME manure and microbes to enhance soil security and boost maize productivity compared to NPK.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47770704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding common ground: Co-producing national soil policy in Wales through academic and government collaboration","authors":"Carmen Sánchez-García ,&nbsp;Erik S. Button ,&nbsp;Sophie Wynne-Jones ,&nbsp;Helen Porter ,&nbsp;Ian Rugg ,&nbsp;Jacqueline A. Hannam","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several agricultural reforms are in progress in the UK following its withdrawal from the EU. This is an opportunity to formulate a Welsh Soils Policy Statement (SPS) that raises the status of soils and ensures that their protection and sustainable management are integrated into future policy. We share and reflect on our novel approach at co-producing a SPS for Wales involving academic researchers and policy teams and provide clear insights into soil policy development. Building consensus among the various government departments and agencies formed the basis of our approach. For pragmatic reasons, it was decided to focus on agricultural soils, which cover 85% of Wales. A rigorous evidence review and synthesis formed the foundation for the development of the SPS, which devises a vision, and primary and secondary objectives for Welsh agricultural soils. A first draft was conceived by the researchers, with further iterations developed between the researchers and the policy team. The researchers were embedded into the policy teams, and this proved to be an effective mechanism for evidence-based policy development that also enhances the science-policy relationship in the longer term. New structures and incentives that promote the engagement between researchers and policymakers should be developed to support environmental policymaking across the board.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49858497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}