Soil security最新文献

{"title":"The impact of conservation tillage intensities on mean yields and yield risk","authors":"Ayesha Cooray ,&nbsp;Roderick M. Rejesus ,&nbsp;Serkan Aglasan ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Alex Woodley","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the productivity and production risk effects of conservation tillage practices are important so that growers can make better decisions about tillage systems appropriate for their farm operations. This study investigates the mean yield and yield risk effects of conservation tillage practices with varying levels of tillage intensity and timing. Long-term field trial data for corn (<em>Zea mays,</em> L.) and soybeans (<em>Glycine</em> max<em>,</em> L. <em>Merr.</em>) in the North Carolina Piedmont, together with moment-based regression models, were used to achieve the objective of the study. Our empirical analysis suggests that conservation tillage treatments (with lower tillage intensities and higher residue levels) consistently have higher mean yields than conventional tillage practices in the sandy loam soils of the North Carolina Piedmont. However, we find that conservation tillage practices with lower intensities (and higher residue levels) do not generally have a consistent statistically significant risk reducing effect based on the higher-order moments of the yield distribution (e.g., variance, skewness, and kurtosis). This indicates that conservation tillage does not consistently result in statistically lower production risk relative to conventional tillage methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45060458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of one-time biochar application with low dosage on soil health in temperate climates","authors":"R.W. Jiang ,&nbsp;M.A. Mechler ,&nbsp;M. Oelbermann","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of biochar to increase agricultural productivity has sparked considerable attention, yet our understanding of the impact of a low biochar dosage on soil health remains limited. It was hypothesized that a one-time application of biochar, combined with manure and/or fertilizer, at a low dosage would lead to improvements in both soil health and crop productivity compared to soil without biochar. It was established that soil with biochar exhibited significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) levels of available nitrogen, while orthophosphate levels were comparatively lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Soil water infiltration experienced a substantial increase of over 85% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) when biochar was incorporated with manure. Additionally, the blending of biochar with manure and fertilizer led to an increase in soil microbial biomass (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Principal components analysis determined that 45% of the variance in the data, based on the differentiation in microbial carbon source metabolism, was due to cropping season. There was no significant effect of biochar on crop nutrient acquisition, but a 27% increase in crop yield occurred in soils amended with biochar (481 g m⁻²) compared to those without biochar (379 g m⁻²). Additionally, a latent effect of biochar on crop yield, with the highest yield (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) observed in the final year of this study in the soil amended with biochar was noted. While results from this study only partially confirmed this hypothesis due to the limited influence of biochar on all evaluated soil properties and crop parameters, it is crucial to underscore the substantial role it plays in enhancing agroecosystem productivity and upholding environmental integrity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 5C's of soil security guiding realization of ecosystem services in line with the UN-SDGs","authors":"Johan Bouma","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have a deadline of 2030 so, restricting attention to agriculture, development and implementation of management measures, aimed at reaching the goals, is urgent. Even though the current 159 very broad targets and 234 indicators for the SDGs don't mention soils, soils play a key role when addressing indicators 2.4.1 and 15.3.1 aimed at “sustainable agriculture” and “degraded land”, by introducing operational methods to assess soil health and interdisciplinary ecosystem services in line with the SDGs. Application of the soil security concept, combining biophysical and socioeconomic approaches, is essential for sustainability research where dominant socioeconomic considerations by stakeholders should frame the biophysical analysis. If stakeholders don't embrace SDG-inspired innovative management, nothing will materialize in the real world. Much research is still needed to address inter- and transdisciplinary sustainability issues but a plea is made at this critical point in time to also apply a relatively straightforward and pragmatic research approach, essentially based on available data and methods, to assess ecosystem services, defining indicators and thresholds, in line with five key SDGs. Reference is made to an exploratory Dutch case study in a:”Living Lab”. The National Soil Health Institute in the US has already pioneered such a pragmatic approach by first emphasizing socioeconomic aspects and by incorporating the soil health analysis in regenerative farm management that is recognized by farmers. But the five ecosystem services will still have to be assessed here to maintain the link with the SDGs and the policy arena. The 5C's of soil security apply very well at farm level. The soil science profession will benefit from showing specific examples of “Living Labs” where five thresholds of ecosystem services are met, creating: ”Lighthouses” showing examples of achieved sustainable development in which soil health plays a key role as demonstrated by specific measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47789980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nepalese farmers’ perceptions of nitrogen inputs and attitudes to soil management: Implications for soil health and environmentally sustainable farming","authors":"Rajendra Joshi ,&nbsp;Bigyapti Nepal ,&nbsp;Subodh Sharma ,&nbsp;Toritseju Begho","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Across Nepal, there is a decline in soil health. Thus, soils in Nepal requires effective management to ensure its sustainability. The success of these strategies is contingent upon understanding farmers' perceptions, opinions, and attitudes towards maintaining soil health. This paper investigates the current soil management practices, farmers' perceptions of soil nutrient use in relation to soil fertility, yield, and environmental impact, attitudes to soil management, and how these differ by personal and economic characteristics. The result is based on a survey of 300 Nepalese farmers. The findings are that there is a prevalence of practices such as puddling, deep tillage, and broadcasting without incorporation. Over 60% of farmers do not consciously consider the weather or environmental impact in soil management decisions. Financial returns are a significant motivating factor for changing current soil and crop management practices for many farmers. Further, the results highlight a perception amongst a larger proportion of farmers that compared to synthetic fertiliser; manure enhances soil fertility, increases crop yield, and does less harm to biodiversity. The potential for overuse and environmental pollution from misperception around manure are supported by the findings in this paper. The regression results indicate that farmers who perceive different nitrogen inputs as increasing yield, the quality of the harvest, or harming the soil, and those who manage their soil depending on the weather with considerations for the environment tend to use less nitrogen inputs. The paper highlights aspects of farming practices, opinions, and attitudes that can be improved to maintain healthy soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44436811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil security in floodplain and river restoration projects","authors":"Mariam El Hourani,&nbsp;Gabriele Broll","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Floodplains and their soils provide a vast range of ecosystem services for nature and humans. At the same time, however, these ecosystems are among the most degraded in the world. During the past decades an increased effort has been made towards the restoration of floodplains and rivers; however, in such projects, soil is often overlooked. To assess the actual status in Germany an online survey has been conducted to investigate the obstacles to soil protection from the restorer's view, and to find ways to better integrate soil protection in such projects. The results show that soil is already present in project planning and implementation, but a special focus is set on pollution. Not all aspects of the soil are equally considered, usually because of financial constraints. Besides the financial aspect, other obstacles include complicated regulations on soil protection in Germany and a lack of soil awareness. There are efficient tools to avoid harmful soil changes on construction sites like the Pedological Construction Supervision (PCS), however, this is often seen as an additional financial and organizational burden. To better integrate soil in restoration projects, a special interest lies on the connectivity component of the Soil Security concept that aims to increase soil awareness of all stakeholders. This is accompanied by planned new soil legislation on soil protection in Germany.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47127847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in soil law and policy in New Zealand","authors":"David Grinlinton","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New Zealand has a reputation for successful and efficient agricultural production, although it has a limited supply of high-quality versatile soils. These valuable resources are under threat, both from natural forces including extreme weather events, and from the pressures of expanding urban growth into adjacent areas of high-quality soils. In this article recent developments in the legal and policy framework for soils in New Zealand are considered, and in particular the effect of the National Policy Statement for Highly Productive Land 2022 (‘NPS-HPL’). Recent caselaw involving residential and urban expansion into rural areas, often to the detriment of the continued availability of high-quality soils, will also be examined. The significant effects of recent extreme weather events in New Zealand on soil issues and productive land will be discussed, and some observations made on the lessons that can be learnt as we face increasing impacts from climate change. Finally, some comments will be offered on future developments, including proposed major resource management legislative reforms, in the context of soil law and policy in New Zealand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil resource, a pending regulatory debt in Chile","authors":"Varoliza Aguirre ,&nbsp;Sharon Viscardi ,&nbsp;Miguel Aguayo ,&nbsp;Paulo Dumont","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil is a non-renewable resource on a human scale and highly vulnerable to erosion due to anthropogenic management and the variable effects of climate. In Chile, the lack of a legislative concept for soil and changes in Land Use Capacity (LUCap) have constituted the main facilitating agents of soil erosion. Given the inadequacy of current land regulations, and to guide and contribute to the sustainability of the resource, this study presents a proposal for new land use legislation in Chile. We analyse the current national legislation on changes in the LUCap and compare the current land use in the Claro River sub-basin, Chile, with existing LUCap classes, identifying the legal criteria for establishing a national land use regulation, by comparing with international law from Costa Rica and Spain. We carried out a qualitative review analysis of 20 Chilean land use regulations and a quantitative, multi-temporal analysis of LUCap change in the Claro River sub-basin, using spatial analysis tools (ArcGIS 10.1 and/or QGIS 3.14) in Raster and Vector format. Legislations from Costa Rica and Spain were chosen due to similarities with Chilean environmental regulations. We observed that Chile must introduce a Framework Land Law with principles of protection and sustainability for regulating soil. Deforestation was the main land loss driver (60% of native forest loss) in the study area during the 16-year study period, as well as inadequate agricultural management practices. It is essential to unify legislation, following the example of comparative laws of Spain, with the vision of Costa Rica.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48779546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural lime value chain efficiency for reducing soil acidity in Ethiopia","authors":"Ali M. Oumer ,&nbsp;Samuel Diro ,&nbsp;Geremew Taye ,&nbsp;Tadele Mamo ,&nbsp;Moti Jaleta","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil acidity is challenging agricultural production in Ethiopia. Above 43% of the farmland is under soil acidity problem and it leads to low crop yields and production losses. Ag-lime is widely considered as an effective remedy for amending soil acidity. This study assesses the current structure of ag-lime value chain and its functionality focusing on central parts of Ethiopia where lime is produced and channeled to acidity affected areas. The study uses Ethiopia as a case study and applies qualitative methods such as key informant interviews and focus group discussions to collect data from different actors in the ag-lime value chain. Key findings indicate that both public and private ag-lime producing factories are operating below their capacity. Due to limited enabling environments, the engagement of private sector in ag-lime value chain is minimal. In addition, farmers have a good awareness of soil acidity problem on their farms, and its causes and mitigation strategies in all regions. However, the adoption of ag-lime by smallholders was minimal. Overall, the current structure of the ag-lime value chain appears fragmented and needs improvement. Addressing soil acidity challenge through efficient ag-lime value chain could narrow lime supply-demand mismatches and increase widespread adoption by farmers to enhance crop productivity and food security in acidity-prone areas of the country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9816294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural farming intensification significantly reduced earthworm abundance and diversity in Usangu agro-ecosystems, Tanzania","authors":"Marco E. Mng'ong'o","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Earthworms an ecologically important group of invertebrates that are crucial to delivery of many ecosystem services, but also considered ecosystem engineers playing an important role in soil fertility and land productivity. Earthworms facilitate breakdown and decomposition of plant and animal materials releasing plant nutrients. Earthworm burrows allow air and water movement in the soil but also improve soil fertility and drainages. Earthworm population in agricultural soils is influenced by different factors i.e., tillage, farming activities, soil chemistry as well as chemical contaminants. Agricultural (paddy farming) intensification with increased and excessive use of agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides) may affect earthworm population in agricultural soils. Recently, there scant studies conducted to characterize earthworm abundance and diversity in Tanzania's agro-ecosystem. Therefore, the present study characterized earthworm population in agricultural soils of contrasting intensification in Usangu agro-ecosystem (UA) to understand influence of current land use on earthworm abundance and their diversity as they have a vital role in agro-ecosystem productivity and sustainability. This study found that current paddy farming and associated activities in UA negatively affect earthworm occurrence, distribution, and diversity. Where only four dominant earthworm species were determined (<em>Apporectodea caliginosa</em> (endogeic), <em>Lumbricus terrestris</em> (Anecic), <em>Pontoscolex corentrurus</em> (endogeic), <em>Fimoscolex sporadochactus</em> (Anecic)) compared to other tropical areas. But also, highly intensified paddy farming areas (i.e., Chimala, Igalako, Ihahi, Kapunga, Mahongole, and Uturo) were observed to have earthworm abundance &lt;25 individuals/m² an FAO recommended earthworm count/m² in healthy soils compared to less intensified schemes (25-40 earthworm/m²). The earthworm abundance and biomass determined in UA was below global average of 78 individuals per m² and 150 g/m^2, indicating that UA is in deteriorating quality. Thus, current farming practices creates unfavourable environmental conditions which likely leads to migration of earthworm to other land use or death due to harsh environment created. High earthworm abundance and biomass improve land productivity via nutrient recycling, thus low earthworm counts and diversity in UA likely to threaten agro-ecosystem sustainability. The present study provides baseline information on earthworm abundance and their diversity in UA and Tanzania.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45603060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating soil aggregate stability with infrared spectroscopy and pedotransfer functions","authors":"Thomas Chalaux Clergue ,&nbsp;Nicolas P.A. Saby ,&nbsp;Alexandre M.J.-C. Wadoux ,&nbsp;Bernard G. Barthès ,&nbsp;Marine Lacoste","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil aggregate stability is an important indicator of soil condition and is directly related to soil degradation processes such as erosion and crusting. Aggregate stability is conventionally measured by testing the aggregate resistance to water disturbance mechanisms. Such measurements, however, are costly and time-consuming, which make them difficult to implement at a regional or country scale. In this study, we explore two different approaches to estimate soil aggregate stability by means of commonly-measured soil properties or mid-infrared spectroscopy measurements. The first approach relies on land use and soil properties. In the second approach aggregate stability is estimated by a model fitted with mid-infrared spectroscopic data. We tested the two approaches with a dataset composed of 202 soil samples from mainland France, in which aggregate stability was measured with a fast wetting test. We found that simple linear models based on common soil properties and models based on mid-infrared spectral data yielded similar results. Interpretation of the models revealed well-known relationships: land use had a major role in predicting aggregate stability, followed by organic carbon and clay content. Overall, we conclude that both approaches offer a reliable, cheap and time-efficient alternative to estimating soil aggregate stability. These approaches offer a tool to estimate aggregate stability over large geographical areas, which can support the development of erosive risk management plans and the implementation of adaptive management strategies to mitigate threats to soil and improve the overall soil condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47501361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}