Soil securityPub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100207
Jarmila Makovníková , Stanislav Kološta , Boris Pálka , Filip Flaška
{"title":"Effects of Willow cultivation on soil health in contaminated and conventional agricultural sites (Slovakia)","authors":"Jarmila Makovníková , Stanislav Kološta , Boris Pálka , Filip Flaška","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The targeted cultivation of energy crops and trees enables the effective use of low-quality agricultural land, including areas degraded or contaminated by inorganic pollutants. In line with the EU Soil Strategy 2030, which promotes soil protection, sustainable use, and restoration, this study focused on soil health and phytoremediation through willow cultivation for bioenergy on contaminated and standard agricultural soils at two sites in Slovakia over a 10-year period. The study aimed to: (i) assess changes in the Soil Health Index (SHI) during willow cultivation under temperate European conditions; and (ii) evaluate willow as a nature-based solution for soil remediation. SHI was constructed using a linear combination of individual indicator values, converted into a scoring system based on indicator type and relevance to soil health. The “optimum is better” indexing method was applied. Both sites, Kuchyňa (contaminated) and Krivá na Orave (uncontaminated), responded positively overall, with no adverse impacts on soil health and quality. At Kuchyňa site, SHI increased from 3.0 to 7.5 (a 147 % improvement), indicating significant soil health recovery, enabling the land’s subsequent use for agricultural crop production. SHI at Krivá na Orave site declined slightly from 6.0 to 5.0 (a 16 % decrease) yet remained within acceptable quality levels. Profitability was achieved at both sites without the use of herbicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil securityPub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100204
Aditya Nugraha Putra , Novandi Rizky Prasetya , Naufan Hermawan , Michelle Talisia Sugiarto , Mochtar Lutfi Rayes , Sri Rahayu Utami , Watit Khokthong , Weijun Luo
{"title":"Integrating remote sensing and random forest for accurate prediction of soil and biomass phosphorus dynamics in rice fields across complex terrain","authors":"Aditya Nugraha Putra , Novandi Rizky Prasetya , Naufan Hermawan , Michelle Talisia Sugiarto , Mochtar Lutfi Rayes , Sri Rahayu Utami , Watit Khokthong , Weijun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus detection remains challenging despite advanced methods, especially with complex environmental factors across varied terrains. Phosphorus detection highlights the need to enhance soil security to reduce fertilizer overuse and policies. This study combines Random Forest analysis with remote sensing to detect soil available phosphorus (SAP), total phosphorus biomass (TPB), and phosphorus uptake efficiency (PUE). The study was conducted in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, where point observations were taken in volcanic, alluvial, and karst terrains. All three phosphorus indicators, SAP, TPB, and PUE, were analyzed using Random Forest models that incorporated a comprehensive set of environmental covariates, including topographic attributes, soil properties, climatic variables, and vegetation indices derived from remote sensing.. Performance optimization was done through hyperparameter tuning, with accuracy assessed via R², RMSE and RPIQ. The models demonstrated strong performance, with R² values of 0.928 for SAP, 0.927 for TPB, and 0.922 for PUE. The corresponding RMSE values were 10.192, 5.197, and 27.813, respectively. RPIQ scores of 1.19 (SAP), 2.45 (TPB), and 1.43 (PUE) further indicate reliable predictive accuracy across all models. Topographic attributes, soil properties, and climatic variables influenced phosphorus dynamics. Alluvial had the highest PUE due to favorable soil texture, while karst had lower efficiency due to phosphorus immobilization in carbonate-rich soils. Volcanic exhibited variable phosphorus availability. Despite weak correlations between environmental variables and phosphorus parameters, soil texture and slope were key determinants. Integration remote sensing and Random Forest model demonstrated high predictive accuracy and proving its effectiveness in estimating SAP, TPB and PUE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil securityPub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100203
Celine Basset , Quim Zaldo-Aubanell
{"title":"The role of AI-enhanced microscopy in soil biodiversity assessment: Advancing soil security, connectivity and governance with implications for the European Directive on Soil Monitoring and Resilience, and global agendas","authors":"Celine Basset , Quim Zaldo-Aubanell","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the cornerstone of civilization, soils are fundamental to human well-being and planetary health, yet they remain largely invisible within public awareness and policy frameworks that predominantly focus on climate change, landscapes, water and above-ground biodiversity. This oversight contributes to ongoing soil degradation, despite increasing international recognition of their non-renewable nature and critical roles in food security, climate regulation, socio-economic resilience, and national stability. Soil biodiversity both drives and reflects soil condition: microbial and faunal communities mediate pH buffering, nutrient cycling, water retention, and carbon stabilization, while shifts in abiotic factors, in turn, reshape the biological network. Due to this reciprocal linkage, biodiversity serves as a sensitive, integrative indicator of soil health and as a concept that non-experts can intuitively understand. Within the context of the European Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive, this paper examines high-throughput approaches, particularly AI-enhanced microscopy, as scalable pathways to connect soil condition data with decision-makers and inform evidence-based governance. By making soil life visible and measurable, these technologies bridge the gap between expert knowledge and public understanding, enabling the translation of scientific insights into actionable conservation and management strategies. Central to this framework, <em>Soil Community Hubs</em> serve as vital platforms for collecting local soil biodiversity metrics, enhancing stakeholder connectivity, fostering adaptive soil management and regulation across diverse pedoclimatic contexts, and reframing the perception of soils as dynamic, living systems essential to human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of health of soil in different climatic zones of European part of Russia depending on elemental composition","authors":"Tatiana Minnikova, Sergey Kolesnikov, Alexey Sherstnev","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the study was to assess of health of soils in different climatic zones of European part of Russia depending on elemental composition. We investigated 31 types of soils related to 6 climatic zones and combined them into 3 groups, more specifically true steppes, dry steppes and semi-deserts, and forest and meadow soils. The gross content of 19 elements was estimated in the soil as part of different compounds. The soil state was assessed by physicochemical parameters (pH, С<sub>soc</sub>, particle size distribution) and biological indicators (the activity of catalase and dehydrogenases and the total number of bacteria). Among forest and meadow soils, the highest content С<sub>soc</sub> and enrichment with enzymes and bacteria were found in mountain-meadow sod and brown forest gley soils; among soils of true and dry steppes, these indicators were intrinsic to ordinary chernozems and leached chernozems. Along with this, in dark gray soils, a whole group of elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) was contained in minimal quantities. A significant excess of Ca was characteristic of underdeveloped chernozems. The maximal composition of elements among semi-desert and dry steppe soils was found in chestnut and light chestnut soils (Ti, Fe, Co, Cu, As), as well as in dark chestnut soils (Al, V, Mn, Ni). The results of the study can be used to assess the quality and health of different types of soils in the corresponding climatic zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil securityPub Date : 2025-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100201
Eliakira Kisetu Nassary
{"title":"PRISMA-ScR: A scoping review of rooted resilience in advancing climate-adaptive agriculture for soil health and security","authors":"Eliakira Kisetu Nassary","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change threatens agricultural productivity and soil health through rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and land degradation. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize evidence on adaptive agricultural practices that support soil functionality, resilience, and productivity, particularly in climate-vulnerable regions. Using the PRISMA-ScR framework, 1587 sources were screened, and 178 peer-reviewed articles were included for detailed analysis. The review identified key strategies such as cover cropping, organic amendments, reduced tillage, diversified cropping systems, agroforestry, and targeted nutrient management. Across diverse agroecological settings, these practices increased soil organic carbon by 8–25 %, improved water retention and microbial activity, and supported yield gains of 10–40 % under climate stress. Despite documented benefits, adoption remains limited due to economic constraints, knowledge gaps, and lack of enabling policies. Integrated approaches that blend scientific research with local knowledge and context-specific management have shown potential to strengthen soil resilience. Findings highlight the importance of healthy soils for climate-adaptive agriculture, food security, and ecosystem services. Enhancing adaptive soil management offers a pathway toward more resilient and sustainable farming systems in the face of ongoing climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil securityPub Date : 2025-08-15DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100200
Natalie Sturm , Kelly R. Wilson , Haly L. Neely , Aaron Esser , Tim Waters , Reagan Noland , Jerry Clark , Natasha Paris , Jordan Kampa , Francisco Arriaga , David Drake
{"title":"Informing soil compaction research priorities with farmer focus groups in the United States","authors":"Natalie Sturm , Kelly R. Wilson , Haly L. Neely , Aaron Esser , Tim Waters , Reagan Noland , Jerry Clark , Natasha Paris , Jordan Kampa , Francisco Arriaga , David Drake","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil compaction is a widespread form of soil degradation that impacts soil functions and ecosystem services by limiting plant growth, reducing farm profitability, and impeding efforts to improve soil health. While mechanisms by which soil compaction occurs are widely understood, little has improved regarding its management in agroecosystems in the last century. Here, to better inform scientists of farmers’ soil compaction research needs, we implemented focus groups in six growing regions across Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. In each focus group, farmers completed surveys and participated in guided discussions centered on their soil compaction perceptions, experiences, and ideas. We evaluated surveys and discussion transcripts with quantitative (summary statistics) and qualitative (thematic coding) analyses to assess participants’ observations, questions, and possible management solutions. Results from this work indicate that knowledge gaps, especially regarding identification of critical thresholds for soil compaction at field scale and management options and their efficacies, influence farmers’ adoption of soil compaction management practices. Based on the needs identified in this study, key priorities for soil compaction research and education should include (1) techniques for assessing soil compaction at field scale, including both its presence and thresholds for management, (2) addressing knowledge gaps about controlled traffic farming, tillage, and crops, and (3) continued research and development of requested technologies and practices, including drones, amendments, and cover or perennial crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil securityPub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100199
Wirastuti Widyatmanti , David G. Rossiter , Destika Cahyana
{"title":"The definition of soil science from a geographical perspective","authors":"Wirastuti Widyatmanti , David G. Rossiter , Destika Cahyana","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a revised definition of “soil science” through the lens of geography, emphasizing the critical role of spatial dimensions and landscape relationships in shaping soil systems. While traditional definitions often neglect the geographical context, soil properties, formation processes, and functions are inherently influenced by spatial variability and environmental interactions. By examining the historical evolution of soil science, existing definitions, core geographical principles, and advancements in soil mapping, this paper proposes a refined definition of soil science that explicitly integrates geographical perspectives. This revised definition conceptualizes soil as a spatially heterogeneous and temporally dynamic system, governed by its geographical setting and spatial configuration. Incorporating this perspective not only deepens the theoretical foundations of soil science but also enhances its relevance to land use planning, environmental management, and sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil securityPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100198
Sandra J. Evangelista, Alex. McBratney, Budiman Minasny
{"title":"Approaches to assessing soil nutrient cycling condition: A case study in the Hunter valley Wine district","authors":"Sandra J. Evangelista, Alex. McBratney, Budiman Minasny","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing soil change is essential to understanding the impacts of management practices on the soil and for determining whether specific functionalities of soils have improved or degraded over time. This study applies the soil security assessment framework to investigate two approaches for estimating the condition dimension of the function \"soil as a store and regulator of nutrients\" in the Hunter Valley wine-growing region, NSW, Australia. The approaches evaluated include (i) the absolute difference and (ii) the relative difference between genosoils (reference state) and the respective phenosoils (current state) within the five main pedogenons of the study area (Stanleigh, Marrowbone, Tamburlaine, Sandalyn and Wandin). Additionally, we examined the application of these approaches at both the indicator stage and the final score stage, comparing the results using laboratory-based datasets and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy-derived datasets. It was observed that the relativistic data can enhance the contrast between soil that has improved or degraded in nutrient cycling, showing more variation when mapping the average condition. The laboratory results were consistent across the approaches applied at both stages. Estimating condition from the final stage was preferred. The MIR dataset only aligned with the laboratory dataset when using the relative difference at the indicator stage. It was found that the five pedogenons had varying responses to viticulture management. The nutrient cycling condition of phenosoils improved in most of the region as the dominant pedogenon, Stanleigh had improved on average as well as Marrowbone. However, the other pedogenons were shown to be degraded in nutrient cycling condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil securityPub Date : 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100197
Lorenzo Culqui, Nixon Haro, Jesús Rascón, Leider Tafur Chuquizuta, Carmen N. Vigo, Damaris Leiva-Tafur, Lily Juarez-Contreras, Manuel Oliva-Cruz
{"title":"Analysis of heavy metals in silvopastoral systems: a strategy for livestock sustainability in the district of Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru","authors":"Lorenzo Culqui, Nixon Haro, Jesús Rascón, Leider Tafur Chuquizuta, Carmen N. Vigo, Damaris Leiva-Tafur, Lily Juarez-Contreras, Manuel Oliva-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal contamination poses a latent threat to the sustainability of silvopastoral systems and animal health. This study evaluated the concentrations of toxic metals—iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and aluminum (Al)—in the soil, pastures, and trees of the small Molinopamba basin (Amazonas) by analyzing Root bioaccumulation (RB), foliar bioaccumulation (FB), and translocation factor (TF) to determine the risks of movement and accumulation in plant biomass. The results showed that most metals remained retained mainly in the soil, especially iron (Fe) (>2300 ppm) and lead (Pb) (up to 29.57 ppm), indicating limited transfer to plants. Zinc levels in grasslands were generally low; the highest value (30.25 ppm) was observed under the <em>Pinus patula</em> tree but remained within safe limits. Accumulation in roots exceeded accumulation in leaves in most species, especially in the case of iron and copper, and TF values were mostly less than one, indicating limited transfer to aerial organs. <em>Erythrina edulis</em> and <em>Alnus acuminata</em> showed favorable characteristics for plant fixation by limiting the transfer of metals to forage. These results provide fundamental evidence for the sustainable management of tropical silvopastoral systems, confirming the need to regularly monitor elements such as zinc and cadmium to prevent risks to livestock health and maintain food security in the Amazonas region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil securityPub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100196
Frank Rasche, Bernard Vanlauwe
{"title":"From strategy to action: leveraging transformative levers to support Africa's fertilizer and soil health strategy","authors":"Frank Rasche, Bernard Vanlauwe","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Africa’s vast arable land offers immense agricultural potential, yet productivity remains constrained by climate change, soil degradation, limited technology adoption, and socio-economic barriers. This has created the need for transformative change in the agricultural sector, with soil health playing a key role in this transition. Soil health is essential for agricultural productivity, economic viability, and ecosystem resilience, while also advancing sustainability and inclusivity. Achieving these outcomes depends on effective soil management, but slow growth in fertilizer use and limited understanding of its efficiency by farmers pose significant challenges. The Africa Fertilizer and Soil Health Summit (Nairobi, May 2024) underscored the urgency of these challenges, endorsing the African Fertilizer and Soil Health Action Plan. This commentary outlines key considerations for successful implementation of the plan, highlighting enabling conditions and strategic approaches: (1) trusted multi-sectoral partnerships fostering collaboration among farmers, governments, private companies, non-governmental organisations, and donors, (2) demand-driven research and development with strong focus on measurable development outcomes, (3) targeted investments and finance effectively expanding the role of the private sector, (4) effective policy mandates relying on comprehensive policy mixes, and (5) inclusive capacity-building using gender-transformative approaches. These strategic contributions are essential to achieving sustainable, equitable agricultural transformation in Africa. The transformation will demand innovation, long-term commitment, and coordinated action across sectors to ensure impact beyond the timeframe of the African Fertilizer and Soil Health Action Plan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}