Soil security最新文献_第9页

Soil security under salt attack: Protection of the soil against the salinization caused by drying up of Lake Urmia 盐渍化下的土壤安全:保护土壤免受乌尔米亚湖干涸造成的盐渍化

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100113

Masoud Faryadi

{"title":"Soil security under salt attack: Protection of the soil against the salinization caused by drying up of Lake Urmia","authors":"Masoud Faryadi","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, Lake Urmia (LU), a hypersaline lake in northwestern Iran, has suffered significant water loss due to both human-induced and natural causes. This drought could lead to the emission of millions of tons of saline particulates from its dried bed, resulting in saline dust storms that compromise soil and food security in LU basin as an agricultural region. Despite some restoration programs by the central government and provincial administrations, efforts have not been sufficient to revive LU and mitigate risks. This paper explores the legal dimensions of the impact of LU's drying on soil security and assesses current legal initiatives for LU restoration and soil security along with their challenges. The study concludes that current legal initiatives for soil security against LU drought are inadequate, and without significant changes in sustainable water and soil governance, soil and food security in the region will be impossible. The paper recommends taking more serious actions to prevent LU drying according to the precautionary principle, promoting sustainable and polycentric soil and water governance, shifting economic and agricultural priorities, and protecting the environment and local people against the impacts of this catastrophe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49766253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establish governance systems for securing black soils in China based on a new law 建立以新法律为基础的中国黑土地保护治理体系

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100112

Jian Wang , Qi Xing , Yuxin Tong , Zhenzhong Wang , Baoguo Li

引用次数: 0

Unpacking the legal conundrum of nature-based soil remediation and sustainable biofuels production in the European Union 揭开欧盟自然土壤修复和可持续生物燃料生产的法律难题

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100109

Matteo Fermeglia, Marko Perišić

{"title":"Unpacking the legal conundrum of nature-based soil remediation and sustainable biofuels production in the European Union","authors":"Matteo Fermeglia, Marko Perišić","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fight against soil contamination and the development of sustainable fuels constitute major environmental and climate change objectives under the European Green Deal. At the same time, the uptake of nature-based solutions is increasingly advocated in the European Union as viable techniques to enhance soil ecosystem services while addressing the soil vs. food vs. energy conundrum to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the European Green Deal objectives. This contribution deals with unlocking the potential of <em>phytoremediation</em> both a soil remediation technique and a source of sustainable feedstock for advanced biofuels. Phytoremediation consists of the use of plants and their associated microbes to extract, volatilize, stabilize, or degrade soil pollutants. Furthermore, phytoremediation's by-products may be used to develop advanced, low indirect land use change biofuels thus contributing to the EU's climate change mitigation objectives.</p><p>The value chain entailed in the deployment of phytoremediation techniques and recovery of phytoremediation's output materials for biofuels production faces an array of legal and policy roadblocks in the European Union. Importantly, such barriers relate both to material legal obstacles, policy fragmentation and lack of a holistic approach towards complex processes. This contribution aims to provide a comprehensive overview of such legal and policy roadblocks with a view to champion the embedding of phytoremediation in the existing EU legal framework also in relation to the development of low-Indirect Land Use Change biofuels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal changes in labile soil phosphorus pools in grassland receiving P recycled from dairy processing sludge 接受奶牛加工污泥磷循环的草地土壤活性磷库的时间变化

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100110

Olha Khomenko , Owen Fenton , J.J. Leahy , Karen Daly

{"title":"Temporal changes in labile soil phosphorus pools in grassland receiving P recycled from dairy processing sludge","authors":"Olha Khomenko , Owen Fenton , J.J. Leahy , Karen Daly","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Replacing chemical fertilisers with recycled products will require new advice for phosphorus (P) use.. Emerging P fertilisers derived from dairy processing sludge (DPS) include products such as struvite and hydrochar. A field study monitored temporal changes in available, exchangeable, and Mehlich3 P pools in a P deficient grassland amended with DPS-derived hydrochar and struvite. Herbage P content and yields were compared with data from plots amended with a mineral P fertiliser. Regardless of fertiliser used, there was no statistical difference in dry matter yield. However, herbage P content varied depending on the fertiliser type. The optimal P content in herbage for cattle feed (0.3–0.4 %) was reached using struvite and mineral fertiliser. Application of struvites increased available, exchangeable, and Mehlich3 P, raising the available P levels to the agronomic optimal value for crop production (>5 mg <span>l</span>-1) within one month. In hydrochar amended plots, the optimal level of P was reached 4 months after fertilisation, at the end of the growing season. During the low growth or dormancy period, soil P levels decreased and remained low regardless of the treatment. In the struvite amended plots, available and exchangeable P pools recovered at the beginning of the second season. This effect was not observed in mineral fertiliser and hydrochar amended plots. A single application of struvite can replace mineral fertilisers supplying crops with P for more than one season. This needs to be reflected in the advice for growers to avoid excessive P application and legacy P deposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genosoil and phenosoil mapping in continental Australia is essential for soil security 澳大利亚大陆的基因土壤和表型土壤制图对土壤安全至关重要

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100108

Mercedes Román Dobarco , José Padarian Campusano , Alex B. McBratney , Brendan Malone , Budiman Minasny

{"title":"Genosoil and phenosoil mapping in continental Australia is essential for soil security","authors":"Mercedes Román Dobarco , José Padarian Campusano , Alex B. McBratney , Brendan Malone , Budiman Minasny","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The intensification of human pressures on soil can reduce pedodiversity and decrease soil multifunctionality impacting soil security. Mapping genosoils (least modified soils within a soil class or soil map unit by contemporary drivers of soil change) and phenosoils (variants resulting from land use history and management) can be a preliminary step for quantifying soil security dimensions and prioritising areas for soil preservation and regeneration. Genosoil properties can be used as a baseline for assessing the effects of management on soil condition for a particular pedological, climatic and landscape context. In this study, we stratified Australia into 1370 pedogenons (i.e., groups with relatively homogeneous environmental covariates, proxies of soil-forming factors) that represent soil classes prior to the European settlement from 1788 onwards. We overlayed the maps of global Human Modification and the Habitat Condition Assessment System for Australia for identifying areas with minimum human influence on terrestrial ecosystems and soils. Areas with very low human influence were defined as genosoils at the continental level. The percentage of land mapped as genosoils accounted for 56% of the continent and had a median area of 2550 km<sup>2</sup>. There were 32 pedogenon classes that did not have any remaining genosoils while 218 pedogenon classes had less than 5% of their area as genosoils. The proportion of genosoils protected in conservation areas or managed resource protection varied widely, although almost 25% of the genosoils had at least half of their area under conservation. In addition to soil multifunctionality, the criteria for prioritising soil conservation areas could consider: 1) endangered genosoils and 2) genosoils closest (in the scorpan feature space) to the phenosoils without an existing reference soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grazing summer cover crops mix impact on carbonnitrogen cycling, soil water, and wheat yields 放牧夏季覆盖作物混合对碳氮循环、土壤水分和小麦产量的影响

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100107

Partson Mubvumba , Paul B. DeLaune , Frank M. Hons

{"title":"Grazing summer cover crops mix impact on carbonnitrogen cycling, soil water, and wheat yields","authors":"Partson Mubvumba , Paul B. DeLaune , Frank M. Hons","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Summer fallow practice is common in the US semiarid Southern Great Plains ecoregion. Its primary objective is to store water to enhance winter wheat production for grain and grazing. Prior research on replacing fallow with legume cover crops (CC) (green manure) reported a yield loss through soil moisture depletion for winter wheat. Recent research has shown the potential of grass CC to enhance soil physical properties compared to legume CC. Cost-benefit analyses of CC make it difficult to justify their adoption. Grazing, however, offers an opportunity to mitigate CC costs. The impact of a grazed CC mix on stored soil water, C<img>N cycling, intercropping, and wheat yields was evaluated. Although CC used soil moisture early in the growing season and nitrate+nitrite-N, they recharged soil moisture by the critical wheat seeding and dormancy-breaking periods. In the summer of 2014, net mineralization in CC increased nitrate+nitrite-N by 10-fold compared to 2013 concentrations, resulting in no significant differences in yields in 2015. Nitrate+nitrite-N was reduced by 28% in 2015 compared to the preceding year due to CC growth and net nitrate+nitrite-N immobilization in residues, resulting in 25% less yield in CC treatments in 2016 compared to no-till (NT) fallow. Grazed and ungrazed CC enhanced organic N by up to four times that in NT fallow and sequestered particulate organic N and C by 7–17% and 6–10%, respectively, in micro-aggregates. Despite reducing biomass by 56%, grazing did not differ from most ungrazed measured soil parameters, offering the potential for mitigating CC production costs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49759726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling 漫反射中红外光谱学无需精细铣削也是可行的

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100104

Jonathan Sanderman , Colleen Smith , José Lucas Safanelli , Cristine L.S. Morgan , Jason Ackerson , Nathaniel Looker , Cara Mathers , Rebecca Keating , Ashok A. Kumar

{"title":"Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy is viable without fine milling","authors":"Jonathan Sanderman , Colleen Smith , José Lucas Safanelli , Cristine L.S. Morgan , Jason Ackerson , Nathaniel Looker , Cara Mathers , Rebecca Keating , Ashok A. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (mid-DRIFTS) has been established as a viable low-cost surrogate for traditional soil analyses, the assumed need for fine milling of soil samples prior to analysis is constraining the commercial appeal of this technology. Here, we reevaluate this assumption using a set of 2380 soil samples collected across North American agricultural soils. Cross-validation indicated that the best preprocessing (standard normal variate) and model form (memory-based learning) resulted in very good and nearly identical predictions for the <2 mm preparation and fine-milled preparation of these soils for total organic carbon (TOC), clay, sand, pH and bulk density (BD). Application of larger models built from the USDA NRCS mid-DRIFTS library also resulted in minimal performance differences between the two sample preps. Lower predictive performance of the existing library was attributed to less-than-perfect spectral representativeness of the library. Regardless of model form, there was very little variability between replicates of the <2 mm prep, suggesting that the lack of fine milling did not lead to more heterogeneous subsamples. Additionally, there was no relationship between residual error and soil texture, implying these results should be robust across most soil types. Overall, in agreement with other recent findings, these results suggest that routine scanning of standard <2 mm preparation does not degrade predictive performance of mid-DRIFTS-based inference systems. With good standard operating procedures including quality control and traditional analysis on a small percent of samples, mid-DRIFTS can become a routine tool in commercial soil laboratories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Climate change and soil protection in Zambia's law and policy 气候变化和土壤保护在赞比亚的法律和政策

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100106

Chipasha Mulenga

{"title":"Climate change and soil protection in Zambia's law and policy","authors":"Chipasha Mulenga","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change has been a topical subject for decades. This has led to concerted efforts, at a global level, channelled towards combating its adverse effects. This has resulted in the consequential adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the setting of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 which obliges States Parties to incorporate climate change measures into national policies. The government of Zambia has adopted, amongst others, the National Policy on Climate Change (NPCC) 2016 which has led to ongoing discussions and consultations on the drafting of the Climate Change Bill. The measures on climate change mitigation, though laudable, are bereft of provisions that are specifically aimed at soil protection. Soil protection thrives, in part, on proper soil use which can help to mitigate climate change. Unfortunately, Zambia's legal and policy frameworks have not adequately protected the soil which omission potentially exacerbates the effects of climate change. Of grave concern is the failure to recognise the inter-relatedness of soil protection and climate change which necessitates ingraining provisions on soil protection provisions in climate change mitigation measures.</p><p>In this article, the author argues that the absence of specific provisions on soil protection in Zambia's climate change law and policy militates against the protection of the soil thereby exacerbating climate change effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term economic impacts of no-till adoption 免耕的长期经济影响

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100103

Yuyuan Che , Roderick M. Rejesus , Michel A. Cavigelli , Kathryn E. White , Serkan Aglasan , Lynn G. Knight , Curt Dell , David Hollinger , Erin D. Lane

{"title":"Long-term economic impacts of no-till adoption","authors":"Yuyuan Che , Roderick M. Rejesus , Michel A. Cavigelli , Kathryn E. White , Serkan Aglasan , Lynn G. Knight , Curt Dell , David Hollinger , Erin D. Lane","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>No-till has long been considered a sustainable agricultural practice because of its potential to provide on-farm productivity benefits as well as off-site environmental benefits. However, “economic concerns” have been identified as one of the largest barriers to adopting no-till (i.e., costs associated with adoption possibly being greater than the returns in the short term). This study evaluates the long-term economic impact of no-till adoption using rich plot-level data from a long-term field experiment over the period 1996–2019. Linear fixed-effect models and partial budgeting techniques are used in the empirical analysis. Estimation results reveal that there are generally no statistically significant differences between long-term yields from no-till relative to the conventional tillage practice when considering corn, soybean, and wheat. Nonetheless, the partial budgeting analysis using the long-term data suggests that net returns (or profits) per acre tend to be greater for no-till compared to conventional tillage for all three crops. This is primarily due to the statistically lower farm operation costs associated with no-till. Moreover, our analysis also suggests that relative profitability of no-till increases as the practice is used longer over time. This insight supports suggestions from previous studies that long-term adoption of continuous no-till is important to best realize the benefits from the practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49766249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil governance: A review of the current legislative framework for managing soil resources in Uzbekistan 土壤治理:对乌兹别克斯坦管理土壤资源的现行立法框架的审查

Soil security Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100105

Shovkat Kholdorov , Zafarjon Jabbarov , Tulkin Shamsiddinov

{"title":"Soil governance: A review of the current legislative framework for managing soil resources in Uzbekistan","authors":"Shovkat Kholdorov , Zafarjon Jabbarov , Tulkin Shamsiddinov","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review examines the current legal framework for managing soil resources in Uzbekistan, as well as potential areas for improvement. The six types of normative legal acts in Uzbekistan consist of legislative acts and subsequent laws. In order to combat soil degradation, increase soil fertility, and promote sustainable land use, the effectiveness of current soil governance practices in Uzbekistan is evaluated. In addition, it outlines the primary obstacles and opportunities for enhancing soil governance in Uzbekistan and suggests potential directions for enhancing the legal system and soil management procedures. The review identifies several flaws and limitations in the current legal framework for managing soil resources in Uzbekistan, including the absence of specific regulations for biologically based soil surveys, regulatory documents for quality control of soil laboratory activities, and the basis for the soil's capacity to store carbon and its connection to climate change. Also, there is an opportunity to boost NGOs contribution to soil governance. This review's findings can support sustainable soil management practices and have significant ramifications for other nations facing comparable soil governance issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1