RSC sustainability最新文献

{"title":"A review on bio-inspired nanoparticles and their impact on membrane applications","authors":"Sinki Puri, Swathi Divakar, K. Pramoda, B. M. Praveen and Mahesh Padaki","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00460D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00460D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Incorporation of nanoparticles into the membrane matrix plays a pivotal role in water purification and treatment. In this review, the recent advances in coupling green nanoparticles, encompassing diverse materials, such as metallic-, metal oxide-, and carbon-based nanoparticles, for tailoring NPs for specific membrane applications are elucidated. The green approach involves the synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts, enabling precise control over the size, shape, and surface properties of NPs. The incorporation of NPs improves the underlying hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, mechanical strength, and selectivity of the membrane matrix for various separations, including water purification, desalination, and wastewater treatment. This review also addresses the potential challenges in utilizing green-synthesized nanoparticles in membrane technology for targeted applications. Factors such as scalability, stability, and long-term environmental impact are assessed to ensure the practical viability and sustainability of this approach. In conclusion, the integration of green-synthesized nanoparticles in membrane applications represents a sustainable and innovative paradigm in the field of membrane technology. This approach not only augments the performance of membranes but also aligns with global efforts towards eco-friendly and sustainable practices in synthesis of materials and environmental remediation. This review encourages further research and development in this area, paving the way for greener and more efficient membrane-based separation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 3","pages":" 1212-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00460d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen production via water splitting using noble gas plasma-collisional splitting (NgPCS)†","authors":"Souma Yoshida, Yoshiyuki Takatsuji and Tetsuya Haruyama","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00697F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00697F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Noble gas plasma-collisional splitting (NgPCS) is an emerging hydrogen production technology. Conventional methods, such as fossil fuel-based decomposition and water electrolysis (the latter requiring large amounts of electrolytes), have been widely used, but NgPCS eliminates the need for electrolytes, offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative for producing hydrogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 3","pages":" 1333-1338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00697f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold plasma activated CO2 desorption from calcium carbonate for carbon capture†","authors":"Hongtao Zhong, Daniel Piriaei, Gennaro Liccardo, Jieun Kang, Benjamin Wang, Matteo Cargnello and Mark A. Cappelli","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00491D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00491D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This work investigates the non-equilibrium regeneration of one scalable sorbent material for carbon capture, calcium oxide, in a customized flow reactor coupled to a low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma source. The results show that such a plasma is capable of desorbing CO<small>₂</small> from CaCO<small>₃</small>, with an operating temperature far below the thermal decomposition temperature of carbonate. The desorbed CO<small>₂</small> is further converted to CO <em>in situ</em>. The energy cost is 1.90 × 10<small>³</small> kWh per tCO<small>₂</small>, as the same order of magnitude as the state-of-the-art high temperature regeneration technology. A non-equilibrium kinetic mechanism is proposed in which CO<small>₂</small> desorption is coupled into air plasma chemistry. Electron-impact reactions in air lead to the generation of vibrationally excited nitrogen and ozone. Subsequent quenching of atomic oxygen on the carbonate surface can regenerate CaO, while NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> will pollute the surface. Compared with the previous methods used in sorbent regeneration, plasma-based technologies offer an electrified, sustainable, and low-temperature solution based on the non-equilibrium plasma chemistry. Possible scaling strategies include fluidization, flow pulsation, and plasma catalysis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of non-equilibrium plasma processing of the sorbent material for cyclic capture and regeneration in atmospheric air using thermally low-intensity processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 2","pages":" 973-982"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00491d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanobacterial green chemistry: a blue-green approach for a sustainable environment, energy, and chemical production","authors":"Priyul Pandey, Deepa Pandey, Anjali Gupta, Rinkesh Gupta, Sapna Tiwari and Shailendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00448E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00448E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Increased human activity due to the ever-increasing global population has necessitated the urgent need for a sustainable environment, food, and energy. Cyanobacteria, classically known as blue-green algae, are oxygen-producing photosynthetic organisms that are emerging as an option to achieve sustainable development goals. These Gram-negative prokaryotes can efficiently sequester atmospheric CO<small>₂</small> due to an efficient carbon concentrating mechanism and divert it to the production of energy-rich compounds, <em>i.e.</em>, biofuel, and other valuable chemicals, using their flexible metabolic chassis. Additionally, cyanobacteria also minimize the emission of methane, which is another greenhouse gas, by providing oxygen to methane-oxidizing bacteria. In recent years, several genetically engineered strains of cyanobacteria have been developed that can produce biofuels and several other valuable chemicals. Strains have also been engineered for bioplastic production and bioremediation purposes. These organisms have gained attention as biofertilizers and can increase the quality and fertility of soil. Thus, cyanobacteria are promising CO<small>₂</small> sinks that can contribute to global efforts in carbon capture and storage initiatives while producing bioenergy, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and several other valuable chemicals. Therefore, these blue-green cells can be used for green chemistry while minimizing the atmospheric CO<small>₂</small> concentration. In this review, we present various applications of cyanobacterial biomass to achieve sustainable development goals. We also discuss challenges associated with the wide application of cyanobacteria and the future direction to make full use of these robust organisms to fulfill our future demands in an environment-friendly manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 2","pages":" 661-675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00448e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventing a secure future: material stewardship as chemistry's mission for sustainability","authors":"Stephen A. Matlin, Sarah E. Cornell, Klaus Kümmerer, Peter G. Mahaffy and Goverdhan Mehta","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00576G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00576G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As the science of transformation of matter, chemistry provides knowledge, innovation and practice that are fundamental to the current efforts to achieve sustainability in the face of challenges that include multiple environmental crises (including pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss) and looming shortages of ‘critical’ materials. This article presents the case for chemistry and the chemical sciences adopting material stewardship as a central mission, whose aim is to transform and use the Earth's available stock of material resources in ways consistent with ensuring sustainability for people and for the physical and biological systems of the planet on which all life depends. The implications of this mission are examined, including for chemistry's contributions to extending knowledge, processes and products required for stewarding the Earth's physical and biological materials and systems. The mission includes supporting energy transitions necessary to stabilise Earth systems that are increasingly perturbed by anthropogenic effects. An overview is presented of how chemistry's mission of material stewardship interconnects with sustainability frameworks providing broad principles and goals, including the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and the Planetary Boundaries and Human Security frameworks, as well as with specific chemistry movements and orientations (including green, sustainable, circular and one-world chemistry) and enabling tools (<em>e.g.</em> systems thinking, material circularity and life cycle assessment) that provide guiding concepts, pathways and capacities for chemistry's contributions towards sustainability. The utility of the material stewardship mission is exemplified through three case studies, related to a product type, a sustainability tool, and a sustainability movement. The need is emphasised for the chemistry profession to work across disciplines to help shape policy and practice towards a sustainable future. This includes engaging with others in the processes of negotiation that shape global agreements on goals, policies and programmes that impact on sustainability. Critical ones currently in progress include the efforts to find mechanisms to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming to the UN's target of not more than 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050, and to establish a UN Science-Policy Panel on chemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 2","pages":" 804-821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00576g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green and efficient one-pot synthesis of the bio-based platform molecule 4-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural on a multigram scale†","authors":"Kubilay Ceyhan, Mattis Rottmann and Harald Gröger","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00790E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00790E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study outlines a detailed process development of dendroketose preparation and its conversion to the bio-based platform molecule 4-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (4-HMF) through a dehydration reaction in water as a green and sustainable solvent. Initially, dendroketose was synthesized <em>via</em> a monoaldol reaction of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) as a glycerin- or CO-based product, simply using NaOH as a catalyst at various DHA concentrations. We successfully demonstrate preparation of a high loading of dendroketose, resulting in an ecological factor (E-factor, EF) of EF = 1. For the subsequent dehydration of dendroketose to 4-HMF, an optimized process was designed after evaluating various solvents and catalysts. Saturated aqueous NaCl solution offered the highest 4-HMF:5-HMF reaction selectivity of 95%. Optimal conditions for the 4-HMF synthesis were determined as 0.25 M HCl, 80 °C, 100 g per L dendroketose, and a reaction time of 120 minutes, achieving an 80% selectivity towards the formation of total HMF. In addition, scale-up experiments on an elevated lab scale of 100 g dendroketose in combination with a tailor-made reactor set-up for smooth product removal confirmed the identified preferred process conditions, leading to an 89% reaction yield over nine cycles, with an isolated 4-HMF yield of 76%, a purity of 92% and an EF = 0.67. These results also underline the potential of this process and reactor set-up for efficient and scalable 4-HMF production, with further optimization opportunities identified in salt selection, catalyst loadings, and process control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 4","pages":" 1762-1773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00790e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal pretreatment methods for organic wastes: advances and challenges in biomass valorization","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia, Shashi Lata Bharati, Sunita Singh, Azhagu Madhavan Sivalingam, Shiv Shankar and Ashutosh Mani","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00582A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00582A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Food wastes, municipal solid wastes, sewage sludge, plant materials, animal biomasses, aquatic and terrestrial wastes, agricultural and forestry wastes, industrial and domestic wastes and many other lignocellulosic biomasses are grouped under the category of organic wastes or bio-wastes. Various techniques, mainly mechanical (high-pressure homogenization and ultra-sonication), thermal (temperature-based), microwave-assisted, chemical, and biological pretreatments, have been found to be effective in organic waste valorization. Fungal pretreatment of organic wastes is a promising biological technology because of its excellent efficiency in the decomposition of various types of organic wastes, such as food wastes, ligno-cellulosic biomasses, hemicellulose, agricultural wastes, hardwoods, softwoods, switchgrass, spent coffee grounds, park wastes, cattle dung, and solid digestate, which are specifically reviewed. Fungal pretreatment of organic waste materials can generate advantageous products such as biogas, alternative energy sources, monomeric or oligomeric sugar products, and different types of acids. However, the major challenge associated with fungal pretreatment technology is the requirement of a longer time to achieve a greater degree of biomass valorization, which increases the cost and vulnerability to contamination. However, the use of fungal pretreatment with other pretreatment techniques may shorten the time and enhance the functionality of the method with a higher rate of biomass valorization. Heat generation in the fungal pretreatment process and need for feedstock sterilization before fungal pretreatment are some other challenges that need to be properly addressed for its efficient application on an industrial scale. In this review, the use of different fungal pretreatment methods for the valorization of different types of biomasses and production of valuable products is evaluated and discussed. We performed a comprehensive assessment of the fungal pre-treatment of various types of organic wastes together with a concise but effective discussion on organic solid wastes and different pretreatment techniques involved in bio-waste digestion processes. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis, challenges and future perspectives are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 3","pages":" 1234-1266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00582a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon removal efficiency and energy requirement of engineered carbon removal technologies","authors":"Daniel L. Sanchez, Peter Psarras, Hannah K. Murnen and Barclay Rogers","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00552J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00552J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To ensure carbon negativity, processes that achieve carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere must consider lifecycle emissions and energy requirements across the entire system. We conduct a harmonized lifecycle greenhouse gas assessment to compare the carbon removal efficiency and total energy required for twelve engineered carbon removal technologies. The goal of this comparison is to enable the assessment of diverse engineered carbon removal approaches on a consistent basis. Biomass-based CDR approaches generally maintain higher carbon removal efficiency than direct air capture (DAC) and, to a lesser extent, enhanced rock weathering (ERW) due to the high concentration of carbon within the biomass and the relatively low energy requirements for processing the biomass for removal. Nevertheless, there is high variance in CDR approaches, as some biomass conversion processes (<em>e.g.</em>, pyrolysis for biochar or gasification for fuels) exhibit high, yet variable, carbon losses, while DAC and ERW can utilize low-carbon energy inputs for more efficient removal. Regarding energy use, ERW and biomass-based approaches generally require less energy than DAC today, but biomass approaches again exhibit more variation. Displacement of products, when included, increases the total climate benefits of biomass used for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and biochar. These two measures are intuitive metrics to guide allocation of scarce resources amongst potentially competing uses of biomass and low-carbon energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 3","pages":" 1424-1433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00552j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible fire-safe hybrid organic–inorganic cellulose aerogels from sol–gel casting†","authors":"Björn K. Birdsong, Antonio J. Capezza, Rhoda Afriyie Mensah, Patric Elf, Mikael S. Hedenqvist, Fritjof Nilsson and Richard T. Olsson","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00568F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00568F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The flexibility of hybrid silicon-oxide cellulose aerogels was achieved through the formation of thin, uniform silica coatings on cellulose fibres, or local regions of a classical spherical aerogel (Kistler aerogel) combined with areas of less coated cellulose fibres, making use of the flexible properties of the cellulose nanofibres. Furthermore, the inclusion of cellulose during the sol–gel formation allowed the use of traditional freeze-drying instead of CO<small>₂</small> critical point drying as a method for the removal of the liquid phase. The silicon oxide morphologies revealed the possibility of fine-tuning the coating's structure by the choice of the silicon-oxide precursors. Using methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) resulted in the formation of classical aerogel or spherical particles, while the use of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) yielded “pearl-necklace” fibres, and the mix of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) with MTMS yielded smooth uniform coatings. The prepared coating morphologies markedly influenced the aerogel's properties (mechanical stiffness/flexibility, flame resistance and hydrophilicity). The silica coatings endured high-temperature exposure and the thermal removal of the cellulose template without substantial morphological changes was confirmed, showing the possibility to use cellulose as an effective template for the synthesis of silicon-oxide nanofibres. The possibility to selectively control aerogel properties already at the synthesis stage, using abundant and renewable materials together with the possibility of using more energy-conservative freeze-drying (rather than critical point drying), is a promising method for more sustainable aerogel preparation towards high-end commercial applications such as electrical fuel cell insulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 2","pages":" 1009-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00568f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrification of fertilizer production via plasma-based nitrogen fixation: a tutorial on fundamentals","authors":"Mikhail Gromov, Yury Gorbanev, Elise Vervloessem, Rino Morent, Rony Snyders, Nathalie De Geyter, Annemie Bogaerts and Anton Nikiforov","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00726C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00726C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are key chemicals for our population, ensuring the constantly growing demands in food production. Fertilizers promote vegetative growth, specifically through the formation of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. However, the current synthesis method relies on the Haber–Bosch process for ammonia synthesis, one of the largest-volume chemicals made globally, having a significant environmental impact. The need for a sustainable and green industry with low CO<small>₂</small> emission triggers the demand to reconsider the current fertilizer production approach. In this context, electrified, local, small-scale production emerges as a promising option to address current environmental and economic challenges. This approach allows production to be consumer-oriented while adhering to environmental regulations. In light of this, non-equilibrium plasma technology has gained a wave of attention. Plasma-based nitrogen fixation has a long history, starting more than a century ago. It was one of the first nitrogen fixation methods invented and later replaced by more energy-efficient technologies. In the current paradigm, this approach can fulfill all industrial and social demands: it perfectly aligns with non-stable renewable energy, is carbon-neutral, relatively simple to maintain, and can provide a valuable source of fixed nitrogen on a small-scale, on-farm production with complete control over land processing. The plethora of existing publications on plasma-based nitrogen fixation addresses the concept of synthesizing nitrogen-containing fertilizers. However, despite significant advancements in the field and the availability of numerous reviews, they tend to focus on specific aspects, such as plasma physics (<em>e.g.</em>, the role of vibration excitation), plasma-initiated chemistry (<em>e.g.</em>, nitrogen oxidation or reduction), or reactor design. This tutorial review aims to bridge these gaps by presenting an integrated and accessible explanation of the interconnections between different aspects affecting plasma-based nitrogen fixation. It is designed both for newcomers to the field and those who want to broaden their knowledge, highlighting the current state-of-the-art and offering insights into future research directions and implementations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 2","pages":" 757-780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00726c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}