Postepy psychiatrii neurologii最新文献

{"title":"Late-onset myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: an underrecognized entity in clinical practice; what does its course in later life teach us? A case report and narrative review.","authors":"Michalina Rzepka, Mateusz Toś, Piotr T Oleksy, Magdalena Reclik, Zuzanna Mularczyk, Aleksandra Śmigiel, Magdalena Błaszczyk, Joanna Siuda","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156790","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, presenting as optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. In 2023, international diagnostic criteria were established, integrating clinical, laboratory, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on late-onset MOGAD (LO-MOGAD), emphasizing its distinct clinical features, diagnostic difficulties, and treatment aspects compared to earlier-onset cases.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 60-year-old man developed bilateral optic neuritis, tested positive for MOG immunoglobulin G antibodies, and exhibited a demyelinating lesion in the cervical spinal cord. Five years earlier, he experienced progressive binocular vision loss. Brain MRI revealed non-enhancing supratentorial white matter lesions, and spinal MRI showed a lesion from C3-C5. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies and oligoclonal bands were absent.</p><p><strong>Comment: </strong>LO-MOGAD often presents with subacute onset, bilateral optic neuritis, and short-segment myelitis. Age-related comorbidities and inconsistent study protocols complicate diagnosis and management, highlighting the need for age-specific research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"294-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful invasive treatment of stroke in a patient with a left ventricle assist device - case report.","authors":"Anna Konopka, Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł, Małgorzata Misztal-Ogonowska, Elżbieta Smaga, Ilona Michałowska","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156792","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The article presents a case of invasively treated stroke in a patient with heart failure (HF) and implanted left ventricle assist device (LVAD), and risk factors suspected as the reasons behind the stroke.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 58-year-old patient with HF supported with LVAD, with atrial fibrillation (AF) and rapid heart rate, was admitted to intensive cardiac care unit due to episodes of AF falsely detected by implantable cardiac defibrillator as ventricular fibrillation (VF), provoking unnecessary defibrillator discharges and episodes of real VF in consequence. Twelve hours after admission, the patient displayed symptoms of stroke and was treated with mechanical thrombectomy of the occluded right middle cerebral artery, with good results.</p><p><strong>Comment: </strong>The treatment for stroke in a patient with multiple risk factors, who needed antithrombotic therapy due to LVAD, presented a significant challenge. Fortunately, timely diagnosis of stroke enabled quick invasive treatment with good results.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From youth to late age: a comparative analysis of clinical and demographic profiles in multiple sclerosis by age at onset.","authors":"Piotr T Oleksy, Aleksandra Tobiasz, Magdalena Reclik, Ewa Góralczyk, Justyna Talaska, Zuzanna Szatkowska, Michalina Rzepka, Tomasz Chmiela, Weronika Galus, Joanna Siuda","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156740","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare clinical and demographic characteristics, treatment approaches, and comorbidities among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with pediatric-onset (POMS), adult-onset (AOMS), and late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the medical records of 439 patients diagnosed with MS, hospitalized between 2018 and 2023 in the University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia. The patients were divided into categories based on their age at onset: POMS - < 18 years, AOMS - 18-49 years, and LOMS - ≥ 50 years. Age of onset, symptoms, age at diagnosis, diagnostic delay, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, course of the disease, relapse characteristics, comorbidities, and use of disease-modifying therapy were compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LOMS group was characterized by a higher proportion of males, had the longest diagnostic delay and disease duration, highest comorbidity rates, and a greater level of disability. Median EDSS score was highest in the LOMS group (3.16) and lowest in the POMS (0.73) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Relapsing-remitting MS was most prevalent in the POMS and AOMS groups, while progressive MS was more prevalent in LOMS (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The longest first-line therapy durations and the lowest rate of switching to second-line therapies were observed in the LOMS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Characteristics of MS vary, based on the age of onset, hence every patient requires a personalized approach. The higher prevalence of the progressive form, more frequent comorbidities and higher degree of disability observed in the LOMS group makes treatment of this group more challenging and treatment switching is more frequent.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"232-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religiosity and anxiety in relation to health-promoting attitudes toward COVID-19.","authors":"Wiktor Orlof, Justyna Sołowiej-Chmiel, Krzysztof Łazar, Oliwia Orlof, Napoleon Waszkiewicz","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156772","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between religiosity and health-related attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic, including views on sanitary restrictions and vaccination. The study also examined the impact of anxiety levels on these attitudes, as well as preferred coping strategies among religious and non-religious individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted online on a non-representative sample of 700 individuals, of whom 289 provided complete responses. A proprietary questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Mini-COPE inventory were used. Statistical analyses were performed using the χ² test and Student's <i>t</i>-test (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Religiosity was not significantly associated with adherence to preventive measures but was associated with greater skepticism toward restrictions in places of worship and vaccinations. Higher anxiety levels were associated with more frequent compliance with sanitary guidelines, regardless of degree of religiosity. Religious individuals were more likely to use coping strategies based on faith and social support, while non-religious ones more often relied on avoidance and helplessness strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Religiosity may serve a protective role in coping with pandemic-related stress but can also be associated with a lower acceptance of preventive measures. Anxiety emerged as a significant motivator for following recommendations, regardless of religious beliefs. These findings underscore the importance of addressing both emotional and spiritual factors in health communication strategies during epidemiological crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health and the broader consequences of illicit substance abuse beginning in adolescence.","authors":"Ejona Shaska, Francesk Mulita, Engjellushe Zenelaj, Andrin Tahiri, Ermelinda Durmishi, Taulant Gishto, Edvaldo Begotaraj, Vasileios Leivaditis","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156741","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adolescent drug abuse is a growing global public health concern, with early onset linked to a variety of harmful effects. This study examines the long-term mental, physical, social, and legal implications of adolescents' illicit drug usage, with an emphasis on psychiatric illnesses and risks associated with demographic factors such as cultural background and socioeconomic status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the \"Ali Mihali\" Psychiatric Hospital in Vlora, Albania, using clinical data spanning 10 years (2014-2024). The study comprised 312 individuals with a history substance use that began during adolescence (12-18 years). Patients were assessed using structured psychiatric interviews and standardized evaluation tools, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Data on mental, medical, and legal histories were obtained from the hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found a significant rise in early-onset substance use, with cannabis being most commonly used, followed by cocaine and heroin. The average age at the initiation of use ranged from 12 to 18 years, with 34.5% starting at 18. Psychiatric problems, including psychotic disorders (56.4%), bipolar disorder (21.8%), and personality disorders (17.9%) were observed. Physical health concerns were present in 39.7% of patients, including liver disease, respiratory issues, and infectious diseases (hepatitis, HIV). Moreover, 14.4% of patients had experienced legal issues, including drug trafficking and domestic violence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early drug misuse has long-lasting impacts on mental health, physical health, and social integration, according to this study. It highlights the necessity of all-encompassing, multisectoral approaches to prevention, early intervention, and rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, sense of control, and the rise of addictive behaviors: a study in Poland.","authors":"Monika P Górowska, Katarzyna Obarska, Karol Szymczak, Mateusz Gola, Jan Chodkiewicz","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156769","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As some addictive behaviors increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have attempted to identify their risks and protective factors against them. In this research, we have investigated the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and addictive behaviors and the role of general and COVID-19-specific sense of control, attitude to vaccination, and earlier recovery from COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 511 individuals aged 18-79 participated in the online survey. Women comprised 71.29% of the sample, men 27.93%, and 0.79% (<i>n</i> = 3) declined to provide information on their gender. Participants completed questionnaires assessing substance-related and substance-dependent behaviors, general and COVID-19-specific locus of control, fear of COVID-19, and attitudes toward vaccination. Moderation and mediation analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fear of COVID-19 was associated with increased internet, social media, and marijuana use. Lower sense of control (both general and COVID-19-specific) was associated with an increased severity of various addictions. A COVID-19-specific sense of control mediated the relationship between fear and addictive behaviors, particularly for women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the impact of fear and sense of control on addictive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Promoting a sense of control may mitigate the risk of addiction in the face of pandemic-related stress. Public health efforts should address the potential for long-term consequences of addictive behaviors exacerbated by such global health crises, as similar challenges may arise with future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"253-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as a rare first manifestation of AIDS: case report.","authors":"Aleksandra Kuls-Oszmaniec, Anna Nagańska, Jacek Kowalski, Grażyna Cholewińska, Marta Leńska-Mieciek, Urszula Fiszer","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.153597","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.153597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a lethal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by John Cunningham virus (JCV). PML develops due to the reactivation of latent JCV infection in individuals with cellular immunodeficiency. Since the beginning of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has remained a leading cause of PML with the condition recognized as an AIDS-defining illness. The clinical manifestations of PML may vary depending on the underlying condition. In AIDS-associated PML, the symptoms include motor weakness, speech or language disturbances, cognitive and behavioral changes and gait abnormalities and incoordination.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>We present the case of a male patient who developed PML as the first clinical manifestation of a newly diagnosed HIV infection.</p><p><strong>Comment: </strong>The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has led to a significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality due to the opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients. However, the improvement is least pronounced in case of PML.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 3","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive dysfunction and atrophic changes of selected cerebral structures in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Małgorzata Szymańska, Maciej Świat, Monika Adamczyk-Sowa","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.153592","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.153592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the results of the selected neuropsychological tests in patients with newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS) in relation to the selected volumetric brain measurements assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group consisted of 76 patients with newly diagnosed MS. Each patient underwent functional assessment using the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Battery (MSFC), the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and evaluation of cognitive function using a battery of tests. The patients also underwent head MRI with the assessment of the volume of the cortex and subcortical structures. Psychological assessment and head MRI were performed before initiating immunomodulatory treatment and after 12 months of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive correlations were obtained between partial brain volume and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT3\"), total volume of grey matter and Selective Reminding Test (SRT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Recognition Discrimination (BVMT-RD), the cortical volume and PASAT3\", SRT, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R) and BVMT-RD in assessing the relationship between atrophic changes in brain structures and the severity of cognitive impairment in MS patients at baseline. Significant relationships were found between the volumetric parameters and SRT-D. Positive correlations were obtained between the volumetric parameters and the scores of PASAT3\". No significant correlations were found between the severity of cognitive dysfunction and the duration of MS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a clear need to evaluate particular cognitive domains in patients with MS as early as from the onset of the disease, and to perform long-term follow-up of these changes. The assessment of the two most frequently impaired cognitive domains could be a screening indicator for detecting cognitive dysfunction in MS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 3","pages":"163-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of Collet-Sicard syndrome caused by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.","authors":"Karol Jakubik, Anna K Szewczyk, Mikołaj Jeżak, Grzegorz Staśkiewicz, Konrad Rejdak","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.151809","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.151809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Collet-Sicard syndrome (CSS) is a neurological condition secondary to various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, manifesting as palsy of the lower cranial nerves. This article aims to disseminate knowledge and share insights into this disorder.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 58-year-old male presented with a four-month history of progressive dysphagia and dysphonia. Neurological examination revealed cranial nerve IX, X, XI and XII palsy. Imaging demonstrated a focal lesion situated between the internal carotid artery and the jugular vein, ultimately diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient was referred for hematological treatment.</p><p><strong>Comment: </strong>A constellation of symptoms such as dysphagia, hoarseness or dysphonia, and tongue weakness should alert clinicians to the possibility of CSS. Awareness of the characteristic symptoms of CSS is essential for identifying the underlying cause and reducing delays in diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 3","pages":"216-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: insights, advances and challenges in research and practice.","authors":"Siva Prasad, Rahul Kumminimana","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.153717","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.153717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review mainly focuses on the aetiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) including genetic, neuro-biological, biochemical and environmental factors. It also emphasizes the possible management of the disorder. This knowledge will be essential for developing therapeutic interventions and prevention measures.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>ADHD is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder, characterized by pervasive patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. Globally, it affects up to 7-10% of elementary school children, and symptoms frequently persist into adulthood. Among adults, 2-5% experience ADHD symptoms worldwide. The aetiology and developmental trajectory of the disorder remain unknown. ADHD is caused by a combination of genetic, psychological, physiological, biochemical, and environmental factors. All of these factors are thought to permanently change the development of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic system, which is a fundamental neurobiological mechanism behind the disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Untreated ADHD can have long-term effects on individuals throughout their lifetime and cause adverse life trajectories such as poor educational and occupational outcomes, substance addiction, accidents, suicide, criminal activity, and co-occurring mental and physical health disorders. Principal management options include psychopharmacological treatments such as group cognitive behavioural therapy and social skills training, parent education programmes, and school-based initiatives, as well as medication employing stimulants and non-stimulants.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 3","pages":"196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}