Postepy psychiatrii neurologii最新文献

{"title":"Mental health of university students during the pandemic. Threats to their mental health and proposals for university student support in Poland.","authors":"Lidia Zabłocka-Żytka","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.117931","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2022.117931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The article is an application report. It focuses on the mental health difficulties currently experienced by university students in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have a significant impact on the study process. The work also presents examples of support implemented at higher education institutions during the pandemic, aimed at maintaining and strengthening students' mental health.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>Mental health is closely related to physical/somatic health, among other things, in terms of health behaviour and immuno-logical processes. Thus, any physical, life-threatening and therefore life-altering illness has a potentially negative impact on an individual's overall mental health. A pandemic such as COVID-19 in 2020 is a potential additional risk factor for mental health that is not yet well understood. Pandemic-related changes such as remote learning, reduced interpersonal contact, the uncertainty surrounding this pandemic of unknown magnitude, as well as its dynamic and often surprising course may have an impact on the functioning of young people and their daily activities, including studying.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is essential to monitor mental health in different population groups, including students-young adults, specifically in relation to the threat of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, prevention activities and the treatment of COVID-19 patients. It is important to introduce parallel activities to support students' mental health, in line with the sanitary regime, e.g. by using new technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 2","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/bc/PPN-31-47429.PMC9881574.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9753993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of antipsychotics - their influence on intracellular signaling pathways, and epigenetic and post-transcription processes.","authors":"Paulina Rok-Bujko","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.117963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.117963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to describe some aspects of the intra-cellular mechanism of action of neuroleptics, drugs widely used in psychiatry in treatment of psychotic and affective disorders. The ability of neuroleptics to influence and modify the metabolic, energetic and structural processes of neurons, as well as their apoptosis, probably influence their therapeutic potential. The direct and indirect mechanisms of antipsychotics are discussed on the basis of epigenetic, intra-cellular and post-transcription processes.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>Antipsychotic drugs facilitate chromatin remodeling, decreasing or increasing histone acetylation, and affect DNA methylation differently. Antipsychotics modulate the intracellular signaling cascades like the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a variety of ways that contribute to their different clinical and side-effect profiles. Among the cellular processes involved in the activity of antipsychotics are energy and metabolism, protein synthesis and processing, cytoskeleton functions like microtubule dynamics, dendritic branching, and spine dynamics, as well as cell adhesion and synaptic activity. Finally, antipsychotics have the ability to modulate the expression of a large number of miRNAs, which is related to oxidative stress and metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the efficacy of antipsychotics in treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorders over the last several decades, their molecular mechanisms of action turn out to be very complex and have not yet been fully elucidated. Recent thinking about a more personalized and endophenotype-specific diagnosing and treatment requires a more advanced genomic and proteomic approach and seems to be the next step in the treatment of mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 2","pages":"74-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/06/d3/PPN-31-47443.PMC9881575.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of psychotic disorders among prelingually deaf individuals.","authors":"Małgorzata J Juraś","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.118131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.118131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review discusses the assessment of psychotic disorders in prelingually deaf patients and the related challenges.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>Although prelingually deaf patients are often diagnosed with psychotic disorders, the clinical presentation of this group is complex and no clear guidelines regarding the assessment process can be formulated due to the lack of valid, reliable research. Sign language dynamics or language dysfluency may be falsely recognized as disorganized thinking. Some of the symptoms indicating disorganized thinking in the case of spoken languages may fulfill specific functions when used in sign language (for example object chaining). Furthermore, deaf individuals experience multiple stressors that may be considered as risk factors for developing delusions, especially for those growing up in hearing, non-signing families. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that some seemingly delusional beliefs shared by prelingually deaf people may be associated with the lack of assisted learning, gullibility, low level of confidence in healthcare or deaf communities' social norms. The question concerning the sensory modality of hallucinations experienced by deaf individuals remains unresolved. Patients' accounts suggest that hallucinations described as auditory may be perceived as lip-reading without identifying the speaker's face, among others. However, for those who provide help it is far more important to recognize the function of hallucinations and to differentiate them from normative experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is essential to expand our knowledge regarding the clinical presentation of psychotic disorders in deaf individuals in order to develop assessment guidelines and tools and, above all, increase the well-being of those suffering from psychotic disorders, as well as of those whose diagnosis remains unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 2","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/9b/PPN-31-47488.PMC9881577.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9753992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of teachers' mental health - implications for practice.","authors":"Magdalena Gawrych,&nbsp;Ewelina Cichoń,&nbsp;Beata Hintze","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.115238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.115238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify teachers' mental health predictors of stress, anxiety and depression within the sociodemographic, health-related, work-related and COVID-19-related factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between March 3 and April 11, 2021 the cross-sectional national online survey of Polish teachers of all educational levels was conducted. The semi-structured questionnaire used in the study included demographic data (place of residence, gender, age, marital status, education), exposure to people infected with COVID-19, critical life events and pandemic-related stressors, health variables, work-related characteristics (duration of remote teaching), as well as DASS-21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2,757 completed responses, 86% of the respondents were female and the mean age was 46.14 (SD = 9.35); 21.3% had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19; 38.8% of the respondents (<i>n</i> = 1,069) were employed in primary schools (grades 4-8) and 34% worked in the secondary level education. The mean years of work experience in the sample was 20.94 (SD = 10.60). At the moment of completing the survey, most of the respondents (<i>n</i> = 1,488; 54%) were working on-site, 24% were still working remotely and 22.1% were engaged in the hybrid model. Sociodemographic variables, mental and physical illness, fear of the negative consequences of COVID-19, and the deaths of a family member or friend due to COVID-19 were significant predictors of stress, anxiety, and depression. Stress and depression were also predicted by remote working methods and working in a very large city. The cases of COVID-19 in groups of co-workers or students predicted only stress. COVID-19 deaths of co-workers/students/parents of students and COVID-19 diagnosis predicted anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most vulnerable group of teachers turned out to consist in young women, working in a big city, mostly teaching remotely. Sustainable support and care systems adapted to the teachers' needs should be developed. Also some essential predictors of mental health deterioration among teachers should be considered when designing long-term prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/bc/PPN-31-46805.PMC9881570.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomic aphasia after COVID-19 infection: a case report.","authors":"Andreia S Gonçalves,&nbsp;Francesco Monteleone,&nbsp;Eduarda Machado,&nbsp;Miguel E Pereira","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.114770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.114770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This case reports on anomic aphasia related to COVID-19. Increasing knowledge about rare symptoms and complications may aid in the characterization of the disease, understand its pathophysiology, identify more quickly possible infected people and break the transmission chain.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>This work reports on the case of a middle-aged man who presented to his assistant psychiatrist complaining about difficulty with naming objects in his daily routine surroundings, with ten weeks of duration and following a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The organic study, including brain magnetic resonance imaging, was unremarkable. The symptoms resolved spontaneously within fourteen weeks.</p><p><strong>Comment: </strong>Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 may be related to the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, resulting in immune cell infiltration and neuroinflammation that can persist for weeks or months after the resolution of the infection. Weakened health after overcoming the infection acute phase is being reported increasingly and called post-COVID-syndrome. Rare disorders such anomic aphasia can occur in this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 1","pages":"35-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/22/PPN-31-46663.PMC9881568.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High levels of benzodiazepines after treatment of moderate alcohol withdrawal syndrome: the problem of incomplete detoxification.","authors":"Anna R Basińska-Szafrańska","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.114662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.114662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Some alcohol-dependence relapses occur soon after a concluded detoxification treatment. A popular agent used in that treatment is diazepam, which effectively relieves withdrawal symptoms due to its long half-life and affinity to the same receptors. It is hypothesized here that these attributes, after nominally completed detoxification, result in, respectively, persisting benzodiazepine (BZD) influence and a distorted (optimistic) clinical presentation. This could contribute to later reemergence of withdrawal symptoms caused by delayed final elimination of BZDs, as the evidence puts into doubt the concept of a gentle self-taper of a long-acting drug.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum-BZD concentration levels were measured with a radioimmunoassay at the end of routine treatment of moderately- intense alcohol withdrawal syndrome. These data were cross-referenced with individual diazepam administration schedules, including the maximal daily dose and the day of its administration, and the day of overall diazepam cessation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients revealed clinically relevant serum-BZD levels. These correlated with the doses but also with the day of maximal- dose administration and the day of diazepam withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The confrontation with actual abstinence comes after detoxification. Delayed elimination of diazepam may be a contributing factor in the re-emergence of symptoms and early post-detox relapses. The optimization of the procedure has been discussed in terms of concentration evolution and known treatment schedules. Maximal initial dosage compression and further decisive counteracting the tendencies of diazepam towards accumulation increase the patient's chance of going through the low-concentration crisis under medical assistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/37/PPN-31-46646.PMC9881567.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of research on the effectiveness of using probiotics for children with autism spectrum disorders, in order to reduce the core and accompanying autism symptoms. Review of randomized clinical trials.","authors":"Ewa Brzóska-Konkol,&nbsp;Barbara Remberk,&nbsp;Anna Papasz-Siemienuk","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.115244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.115244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased tenfold over the last 40 years and the World Health Organization (WHO) has placed it alongside other globally occurring common illnesses, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. As there are yet no effective methods for treating ASD, the most frequently used therapeutic interventions are psychological, psychosocial, rehabilitation and developmental support, which in combination aim to support patients and their families. Early intervention improves the prognosis, but usually a cure is impossible. Patient's lives are often burdened with social difficulties in contact with their families, peers and in education, particularly when other disorders, diseases or intellectual impairment are present, leading to undesirable behaviours, including aggression or self-aggression. Aim of the study was to review the literature available, so as to determine the effectiveness of probiotics used for treating core and accompanying symptoms of autism in patients diagnosed with ASD, with a particular focus on children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>The randomised clinical trials available on the clinicaltrials.gov register (accessed on June 27^th, 2021) and the PubMed database (search: probiotic + autism, probiotic + ASD, probiotic + Asperger syndrome, probiotic + pervasive developmental disorder, randomised controlled trial filter) have been analysed in the present study. All studies were included, without any operational time limit. The same PubMed search was also re-run for open-label trials. Out of the 140 papers found, five were open-trials. We also supplemented our study by additionally analysing the studies cited by the latest papers on probiotics in autism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are still no consistent outcomes in studies on the use of probiotics in children and adolescents with ASD, and the scope of existing studies is limited. Nevertheless, the authors considered it worthwhile to explore whether probiotic interventions can indeed reduce the severity of ASD-related symptoms and behaviours. Further studies are required on specific indications, duration of treatment and the effectiveness of interventions in the defined problem areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/d0/PPN-31-46807.PMC9881571.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression, anxiety, stress and trauma-related symptoms and their association with perceived social support in medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine.","authors":"Dmytro Martsenkovskyi,&nbsp;Viktoriia Babych,&nbsp;Inna Martsenkovska,&nbsp;Olexandr Napryeyenko,&nbsp;Natalija Napryeyenko,&nbsp;Igor Martsenkovsky","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.114657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.114657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In a public health crisis medical professionals face immense psychological tension that leads to onset of negative mental health outcomes. We aimed to estimate the self-reported level of posttraumatic, anxiety, depression, and stress-related symptoms and their association with the level of perceived social support among healthcare professionals during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional web-based survey conducted during the second wave of the pandemic involved 330 participants. Mental health variables were assessed via the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The level of perceived social support was assessed via the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DASS-21 median score was 42.0 (IQR = 28.0-56.0), with 50.5% of respondents reporting moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms; 55.4% had moderate-to-severe anxiety levels; 42.4% had moderate-to-severe stress levels. The PCL-5 median score was 21.0 (IQR = 12.0-32.0), with 20% of the participants meeting the full criteria for PTSD. The MSPSS median score was 5.3 (IQR = 4.3-6.1), with 61.8% of the participants reporting high, 29.4% medium, and 8.8% low levels of social support, respectively. Logistic analysis revealed that being a younger person, female, having had previous exposure to COVID-19, working in inpatient facilities with COVID patients, and experiencing a lower level of social support were significant risk factors for the onset of mental disorders. Almost 75% of participants exhibited low-to-moderate adherence to psychological/psychiatric care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Health professionals working with COVID patients need to be screened for mental disorders. A campaign aimed at achieving the de-stigmatization of mental care is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 1","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/38/PPN-31-46644.PMC9881566.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute psychomotor agitation - challenges for psychiatrists and neurologists: a case study.","authors":"Piotr Luchowski,&nbsp;Michał Sojka,&nbsp;Izabela Oleksak,&nbsp;Aleksandra Jartych,&nbsp;Michał Piwoński,&nbsp;Konrad Rejdak","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2022.115120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2022.115120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bilateral thalamic ischemia can, paradoxically, manifest itself with various non-sensory clinical symptoms, thereby complicating diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 59-year-old woman was admitted to an Emergency Department about and hour and a half after she was found with altered mental status. Her initial symptoms were psychomotor agitation and slight confusion. No evident focal neurological deficit was observed at that time and computed tomography was negative. After acute drug intoxication was excluded, a transfer to a psychiatric unit was considered. Simultaneously, short stenosis of the left posterior cerebral artery was diagnosed with the use of computed tomography angiography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral acute ischemia of the medial parts of the thalamus, and immediate thrombolysis and thrombectomy treatment was initiated. Both procedures were successful and the patient was discharged in good general condition.</p><p><strong>Comment: </strong>Psychomotor agitation may be an atypical manifestation of a bilateral thalamic ischemia. This may lead to misdiagnosis and reduce the likelihood of proper treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"31 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/95/01/PPN-31-46771.PMC9881569.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases in the adult human brain.","authors":"Tomasz Stępień","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2021.111950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2021.111950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adult human brain neurogenesis is the process of cell division, differentiation, and integration of the new neurons in the brain. The neurons that arise in subventricular zone migrate to the olfactory bulb, while the newly formed neurons in the dentate gyrus migrate locally. In adult neurogenesis starting from neural stem cells, in addition to glial neurons astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are also formed. Neurogenesis is regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the proliferation potential of progeni tor cells and accelerating the rate of development of the dendritic connections of newly formed neurons.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>The slow, initial process of a developing neurodegenerative disease may have a stimulating effect on neurogenesis. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors may contribute to the formation of new neurons. A similar hypothesis seems to be confirmed by data in the literature. The importance of proneurogenic effects during inflammation is shown by proteins secreted by active microglia, mainly CD 47 and CD 55 and interleukin 4 and 10. On the other hand, the unfavorable effect of the inflammatory process in the brain is usually associated with chronic disease in it, when stimulated microglia increase the concentration of cytokines that have a negative effect on neurogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Restoring the balance between dying and emerging neurons is important and offers hope for new therapy directions in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We note common points that could become the target of further research. Attention should be paid to disorders of the calcium metabolism, so important in signal transduction, the state of mitochondria with enzymes involved in the formation of ATP, and the reduction of inflammation in neurogenic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"30 4","pages":"287-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/d6/PPN-30-45928.PMC9881642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9442700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}