Postepy psychiatrii neurologii最新文献

{"title":"A case report of Capgras syndrome with multiple imposters: a unique presentation of a rare syndrome.","authors":"Anas Ibn Auf, Afaf S Alabdali, Abdulaziz N Aljardahi","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159807","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This case study presents an unusually severe variant of Capgras syndrome involving multiple imposters, which is consi-dered a rare presentation.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 37-year-old male with schizophrenia exhibited complex delusional misidentification involving his parents, siblings, and ex-spouse, whom he believed had each been replaced by hundreds of different imposters. These imposters were diffe-rentiated by subtle physical and behavioral features. The delusional system extended to include persecutory beliefs involving secret organizations and supernatural entities. This elaborate form of serial substitution, rarely reported in the literature, reflects a highly systematized psychotic process and highlights the breadth of misidentification phenomena. Clinical assessment supported a diagnosis of schizophrenia with prominent delusional misidentification.</p><p><strong>Comment: </strong>The case adds to the growing recognition of how Capgras syndrome can manifest in atypical and exaggerated forms, raising important questions about the underlying neurocognitive and affective mechanisms driving these beliefs. Awareness of such presentations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and conceptual understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"35 1","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence in the prediction and prevention of suicide.","authors":"Zuzanna Wątek, Kamil Sokołowski, Stefan Modzelewski, Napoleon Waszkiewicz","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159801","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), such as natural language processing (NLP), neural networks (NN), and machine learning (ML), are often used in various fields of science, also to successfully predict acts of suicide. This, however, raises seve-ral ethical and practical concerns. In this study, we explore the moral and technological challenges involved, as well as the potential applications of AI in suicide prevention.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>According to the literature, AI can be used to assist clinicians in identifying and addressing mental health issues by incorporating data from social media platforms, health records, and conversations with chatbots or between users. This information can be integrated into algorithms to develop solutions. Our analysis of the articles reviewed suggests that, with the vast amount of data put into them, AI systems might be able to predict suicidal tendencies, provide faster diagnoses, and improve healthcare by providing clinicians with an additional tool to help identify patients in need of assistance. However, ethical dilemmas must be addressed, including concerns over the invasion of privacy, the risk of data leaks due to insufficient security, and potential algorithmic biases deriving from the datasets on which these systems are trained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI algorithms can help prevent and predict suicide by analyzing data from medical records, social media, and clinical databases. However, challenges like securing personal data and avoiding discrimination must be addressed. Proper programming and access control are crucial for ethical use. Despite these issues, AI's advantages and resolvable limitations make it a promising tool in the attempt to reduce suicide rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"35 1","pages":"52-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma and the risk of eating and shopping addiction in women.","authors":"Nina Ogińska-Bulik","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159796","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exposure to traumatic events and having symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are both risk factors for the development of addictions. The aim of the study was to determine the links between trauma and the intensity of eating and shopping behaviors and identify the predictors of eating and shopping addiction. The number of traumatic events experienced and PTSD symptoms were used as the indicators of trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted online. The participants were 90 women aged 22-56 years (<i>M</i> = 33.9; <i>SD</i> = 8.93) who completed four standard measurement tools and a survey developed for the purpose of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that eating behaviors are positively associated with symptoms of PTSD but are not linked to the number of traumatic events an individual has experienced. In turn, the shopping behaviors analyzed are associated with the number of traumatic events experienced indirectly, but not with PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PTSD is a risk factor for eating addiction, and the number of events experienced indirectly increases the risk of shopping addiction. There is a need for prevention programs aimed at reducing the risk of behavioral addictions by equipping people with skills that can help them cope with traumatic events.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, familial, and socio-cultural profile of children with mental health disorders in the Kurdistan region: a large retrospective cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kawthar Z Mala, Bahar M S Ismail, Deldar M Abdulah","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159797","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Numerous mental health disorders in childhood and adolescence typically begin during the early-to-middle years of childhood. Due to insufficient evidence in the Middle East, we reported the mental health profile of childhood and adolescence in the Kurdistan Region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we included 852 cases of children and adolescents from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center in Duhok City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, for ten years between 2015 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean value of age of the patients, aged 2-22 years, was 10.97 (<i>SD</i>: 4.31 years). The study found that 23.19% of the children had failed at school. The majority of the patients were from nuclear families (99.76%) and had 6-10 family members, followed by those who had 3-5 (40.33%). The study showed that 19.10% of the children have a family history of psychiatric disorders. The most common types of mental disorders among children were those of psychological development (69.25%) and neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (11.27%). The delivery types of the patients were normal vaginal delivery (74.19%), followed by cesarean section (22.58%) and difficult labor (3.23%). Preschool children were more likely to have normal medical conditions (20.51%) than other age groups (<i>p</i> = 0.0334). The patients with a family history were more likely to have mental disorders (95.68% vs. 90.43%; <i>p</i> = 0.0319) and neurodevelopmental disorders (94.62% vs. 87.57%; <i>p</i> = 0.0216).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most common types of psychiatric disorders in children were neurodevelopmental disorders and neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders, and were linked to a family history of mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"35 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression, trauma, stressful life events and childhood infections in patients with multiple sclerosis in the Polish population - a case-control study.","authors":"Katarzyna Rosiak, Przemyslaw M Waszak, Magdalena Pierucka, Dorota Dydjow-Bendek, Paweł Zagożdżon, Katarzyna Trzeciak-Bilska, Ewa Knitter","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159798","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the associations between depression, childhood infections, stressful life events, and multi-ple sclerosis (MS) in the Polish population. By exploring these relationships, the study seeks to provide deeper insight into the interplay of psychological, immunological, and environmental factors in the context of MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case-control study was conducted involving 210 Polish participants. All subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Recent Life Changes Questionnaire and an original survey that gathered data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, family medical history, and past illnesses, including childhood infections. Statistical analyses included both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to controls, individuals with MS were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed with depression (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-5.70). They were also significantly less likely to report a history of certain childhood infections, including strep throat (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.22-0.69), tonsillitis (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.19-0.67), pharyngitis (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25-0.78), rubella (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.32-0.98), and frequent episodes of fever (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.18-0.56).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with MS were approximately three times more likely to experience depression than healthy controls, underscoring the importance of psychological assessment and support in MS management. While the study provides insights into childhood infections and cumulative stress, it is important to note that its retrospective design may limit the generalizability of the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"35 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public attitudes toward psychedelics in Poland: a constructive commentary on Holas & Kamińska (2025).","authors":"Damian Świeczkowski, Aleksander Kwaśny, Wiesław J Cubała","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159808","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"35 1","pages":"83-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen exposure and circadian disruption in paediatric epilepsy: risks and technology-based approaches - a literature review.","authors":"Martyna A Czylok, Milena Prokopiuk, Katarzyna Meller, Grzegorz Nazar, Helena Kamieniecka, Wawrzyniec Jankowski, Marta Zawadzka, Maria Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159804","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2026.159804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The increased use of digital devices, particularly following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has raised concerns about their impact on sleep and seizure control in children with epilepsy. Blue light exposure from screens disrupts circadian rhythms by suppressing melatonin production, which can worsen sleep disturbances and potentially increase seizure frequency. This review aims to examine the relationships among technology use, sleep disturbances, and seizure control in paediatric patients with epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>We conducted a literature review of peer-reviewed studies from databases such as PubMed. The search terms included \"blue-light exposure,\" \"screen time,\" \"sleep disturbances,\" and \"epilepsy in children.\" Studies addressing the effects of blue light, screen time, and digital devices on sleep and seizure control in children with epilepsy were included. Data on sleep quality, seizure frequency, melatonin levels, and the use of mobile applications for sleep and seizure monitoring were analysed. Prolonged screen time was consistently linked to delayed sleep onset, reduced sleep duration, and poorer sleep quality, which may worsen seizure frequency. Children with epilepsy, especially those with photosensitivity, appear particularly susceptible to blue light's adverse effects. Some studies noted reduced melatonin and increased seizure activity following blue light exposure. The review also found growing interest in mobile apps and wearable devices for tracking sleep and seizures, though many tools lack validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Excessive screen time and exposure to blue light negatively affect sleep and seizure control in children with epilepsy. Digital tools offer promise for the nonpharmacological management of epilepsy but require further research to confirm their clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"35 1","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a potential marker of the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy.","authors":"Natalia Biedroń, Piotr Ziemecki, Aleksandra Bełżek, Firoz Rizvi, Agnieszka Permoda-Pachuta","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156775","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Neuroimaging and biological predictors of response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are still being sought, so as to enable a full understanding of its therapeutic effects. The present study aims to determine the role of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a potential predictor of response to treatment with and efficacy of ECT.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>Each of the currently used neuroimaging methods has its limitations; however, the advantages of fNIRS provide a starting point for the widespread use of this method in the assessment of ECT. Studies using fNIRS for measurement have shown that prior to undergoing ECT depressed patients have a bilaterally lower frontal oxyhaemoglobin response to cognitive tasks compared to healthy subjects. After ECT, there is a change in oxyhaemoglobin (oxy-Hb) values compared to pre-treatment ones. However, the results regarding changes in oxy-Hb values obtained by different groups of investigators were not consistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher oxy-Hb values are achieved in healthy subjects than in patients. Apart from that, oxy-Hb values in patients are altered after ECT. For this reason the use of fNIRS can be an objective assessment of its therapeutic effect on patients. However, for fNIRS to become a biomarker for ECT treatment, studies need to be conducted on a larger patient population, considering the time since the last ECT and various disease entities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of temperamental, biochemical trait variables determining appetitive behaviour and alcohol-dependent individuals' health status and nutrition - preliminary study.","authors":"Damian Czarnecki, Jan Chodkiewicz, Anna Długosz, Jacek Budzyński, Michał P Marszałł, Napoleon Waszkiewicz, Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda, Marta Gorzkiewicz, Anna Junkiert-Czarnecka, Małgorzata Michalska, Ewa Żekanowska, Marcin Ziółkowski","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156747","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the association of temperamental traits and biochemical variables that determine appetitive behaviour with the health status, food intake and anthropometric parameters of alcohol-dependent individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The total sample consisted of 154 adults with alcohol-dependence. The interview focused on basic socio-demographics, and the assessment of dietary preferences pertained directly to the variables studied, such as the biochemical and temperamental determinants of appetitive behaviour. The questionnaires used TCI, SADD, PACS, Y-BOCS, and the hunger scale (HS). Immunoenzymatic ELISA determined concentrations of orexin and neuropeptide Y.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Novelty Seeking subscale scores correlated with the Y-BOCS (<i>R</i> = 0.339), SADD (<i>R</i> = 0.473), HS (<i>R</i> = 0.234). The Harm Avoidance subscale scores correlated with PACS (<i>R</i> = 0.191), Y-BOCS (<i>R</i> = 214). The patients with more expressed Harm Avoidance traits took more doses of analgesics and had higher serum neuropeptide Y concentration, determined at week 6 of hospitalisation (1323 vs. 1064 pg/ml) and had higher Y-BOCS scores (17.00 vs. 15.00). Pre-meal hunger was higher in patients with the more expressed temperament trait of Novelty Seeking, as also shown by the higher scores of two questions in the HS, which indicate a lack of eating control associated with strong pre-meal hunger in these individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In alcohol-dependent individuals, the more expressed Novelty Seeking temperamental trait is associated with stronger feelings of alcohol craving and increased hunger or decreased control of eating by more irritability. The more expressed Harm Avoidance temperamental trait is associated with increased alcohol craving, a greater need to relieve pain, and a higher concentration of serum neuropeptide Y.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical aspects of the application of artificial intelligence in psychiatry.","authors":"Maciej Stępień, Andrzej Silczuk","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156785","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ppn.2025.156785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to discuss current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in psychiatry and the ethical issues involved. It also aims to identify the need for further research and collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and technology developers to safely and effectively implement AI in the care of patients with mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Views: </strong>The application of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses is a promising direction for modern psychiatry, but it involves many ethical challenges. AI is being used in a variety of areas, such as early disease detection, personalization of treatment and monitoring the progress of therapy. Examples include recognizing patterns in patient data, detecting the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases, and using digital games and mobile apps to treat mental disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. Despite the growing role of AI, there are a number of controversies related to the lack of empathy its use brings to patient in patient interactions, the threat to data privacy, and the opacity of decision-making processes in AI algorithms. Ethical challenges also include the risk of over-reliance on technology and the reduced role of human specialists in psychiatry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of AI in psychiatry comes with opportunities as well as serious ethical challenges. Ensuring the transparency of algorithms, protecting patients' privacy and clearly defining responsibility for decisions made with the support of AI remain crucial. Only a responsible approach to these issues will allow the full potential of AI to be realized without compromising basic ethical values.</p>","PeriodicalId":74481,"journal":{"name":"Postepy psychiatrii neurologii","volume":"34 4","pages":"285-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12757835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}