PNAS nexus最新文献_第3页

Transmission networks of long-term and short-term knowledge in a foraging society. 觅食社会中长期和短期知识的传播网络。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-08 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf258

Haneul Jang, Daniel Redhead

{"title":"Transmission networks of long-term and short-term knowledge in a foraging society.","authors":"Haneul Jang, Daniel Redhead","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf258","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf258","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural transmission across generations is key to cumulative cultural evolution. While several mechanisms-such as vertical, horizontal, and oblique transmission-have been studied for decades, how these mechanisms change across the life course, beyond childhood, remains unclear. Furthermore, it is under-explored whether different mechanisms apply to distinct learning processes: long-term learning-where individuals invest time and effort to acquire skills-and short-term learning-where individuals share information of immediate use. To investigate the network structure of these two types of knowledge transmission-long-term learning of foraging skills and short-term learning of food location information-we present social network data (1,633 nominations) collected from all inhabitants (aged 4 to 75) of a BaYaka community in the Republic of the Congo. Applying latent network models that estimate and adjust for measurement biases typical to self-reported data, we find that the demographic structure of a population-age distribution, sex, kinship, and marriage-shapes the dynamics of community-wide knowledge transmission. Foraging skills are transmitted within smaller, sparser networks with limited reciprocity, whereas food location information is exchanged more widely and reciprocally among peers. Both long-term and short-term knowledge transmission extend into adulthood, with adults learning from older adults, peers, and marital partners, and sharing knowledge with younger generations. Crucially, individuals tend to report more accurately about the partners with whom they shared knowledge than about those from whom they received knowledge. Our findings provide important empirical evidence on how community-wide cultural transmission is structured by demography and perception, and how these factors operate across different learning processes in a contemporary foraging society.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing synthesis-free and enzyme-free rewritable DNA memory through frameshift encoding and nanopore duplex interruption decoding. 通过移码编码和纳米孔双工中断解码推进无合成和无酶可重写DNA记忆。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-05 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf233

Kai Tian, Sicheng Zhang, Sally Chen, Rugare G Chingarande, Chengrui Hou, Emily Ma, Jarett Ren, Shinghua Ding, Mia Stertzer, Binquan Luan, Shi-Jie Chen, Shi-You Chen, Li-Qun Gu

{"title":"Advancing synthesis-free and enzyme-free rewritable DNA memory through frameshift encoding and nanopore duplex interruption decoding.","authors":"Kai Tian, Sicheng Zhang, Sally Chen, Rugare G Chingarande, Chengrui Hou, Emily Ma, Jarett Ren, Shinghua Ding, Mia Stertzer, Binquan Luan, Shi-Jie Chen, Shi-You Chen, Li-Qun Gu","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf233","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf233","url":null,"abstract":"DNA data storage is a promising alternative to conventional storage due to high density, low energy consumption, durability, and ease of replication. While information can be encoded into DNA via synthesis, high costs and the lack of rewriting capability limit its applications beyond archival storage. Emerging \"hard drive\" strategies seek to encode data onto universal DNA templates without de novo synthesis, using methods such as DNA nanostructures and base modifications. However, these approaches face challenges including complexity, low data density, enzymatic constraints, and reliance on costly instrumentation. Here, we introduce a DNA memory system based on frameshift encoding, inspired by viral ribosomal frameshifting, to enable rapid, cost-effective, and parallel data writing on a universal DNA template, without synthesis, enzymatic processing, or labeling. Information is encoded as checkpoint frameshifts by annealing microstaples of varying lengths at predefined sites along a long template strand. Data are decoded using MspA nanopore duplex interruption sequencing, which leverages a novel unzipping marker we discovered and frameshift-induced current signatures to resolve individual bits while sequentially unzipping tandem template-microstaple duplexes. Importantly, the duplex structure enables efficient, bit-specific rewriting through toehold-mediated strand displacement. This approach presents a scalable and versatile framework for DNA-based hard drives, with potential applications extending into in-memory computing, encryption, and dynamic biomolecular sensing.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and characterization of all 2D fragile topological bands. 所有二维脆性拓扑带的设计和表征。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-05 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf285

Samuel Bird, Chiara Devescovi, Pascal Engeler, Agnes Valenti, Doruk Efe Gökmen, Robin Worreby, Valerio Peri, Sebastian D Huber

{"title":"Design and characterization of all 2D fragile topological bands.","authors":"Samuel Bird, Chiara Devescovi, Pascal Engeler, Agnes Valenti, Doruk Efe Gökmen, Robin Worreby, Valerio Peri, Sebastian D Huber","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf285","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf285","url":null,"abstract":"Designing topological materials with specific topological indices is a complex inverse problem, traditionally tackled through manual, intuition-driven methods that are neither scalable nor efficient for exploring the vast space of possible material configurations. In this work, we develop an algorithm that leverages the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy to optimize the Fourier representation of the periodic functions shaping the designer material's characteristics. This includes mass profiles or dielectric tensors for phononic and photonic crystals, respectively, as much as synthetic potentials applicable to ultra-cold atomic systems. We demonstrate our methodology with a detailed characterization of a class of topological bands known as \"fragile topological,\" showcasing the algorithm's capability to address both topological characteristics and spectral quality, and demonstrating the experimental feasibility of realizing all of the classified fragile topological phases. This automation not only streamlines the design process but also significantly expands the potential for identifying and constructing high quality designer materials across the wide range of platforms, and is readily extendable to other setups, including higher-dimensional and nonlinear systems.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time-space dynamics of income segregation in the city of Milan. 米兰市收入隔离的时空动态。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-05 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf283

Lavinia Rossi Mori, Vittorio Loreto, Riccardo Di Clemente

{"title":"Time-space dynamics of income segregation in the city of Milan.","authors":"Lavinia Rossi Mori, Vittorio Loreto, Riccardo Di Clemente","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf283","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf283","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional approaches to urban income segregation focus on static residential patterns, often failing to capture the dynamic nature of social mixing at the neighborhood level. We leverage high-resolution location-based data from mobile phones to capture the interplay of three different income groups (high, medium, and low) based on their daily routines. The three income groups define a novel 3D space embedded in the temporal dynamics of urban activities, which we propose as a framework to analyze social mixing. This framework offers a more detailed perspective on social interactions, closely linked to the geographical features of each neighborhood. While nighttime residential patterns show high segregation, the working hours foster inclusion, with the city center showing heightened levels of interaction. As evening sets in, leisure areas emerge as potential facilitators for social interactions, depending on urban features such as public transport and various Points Of Interest. These characteristics significantly modulate the magnitude and type of social stratification involved in social mixing, underscoring the significance of urban design in bridging or widening socio-economic divides.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative life-cycle analyses reveal interacting climatic and biotic drivers of population responses to climate change. 比较生命周期分析揭示了人口对气候变化响应的相互作用的气候和生物驱动因素。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-05 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf286

Esin Ickin, Eva Conquet, Briana Abrahms, Steve D Albon, Daniel T Blumstein, Monica L Bond, P Dee Boersma, Tyler J Clark-Wolf, Tim Clutton-Brock, Aldo Compagnoni, Tomáš Dostálek, Sanne M Evers, Claudia Fichtel, Marlène Gamelon, David García-Callejas, Michael Griesser, Brage B Hansen, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Kurt Jerstad, Peter M Kappeler, Kate Layton-Matthews, Derek E Lee, Francisco Lloret, Maarten J J E Loonen, Anne-Kathleen Malchow, Marta B Manser, Julien G A Martin, Ana Morales-González, Zuzana Münzbergová, Chloé R Nater, Neville Pillay, Maud Quéroué, Ole W Røstad, Teresa Sánchez-Mejía, Carsten Schradin, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Arpat Ozgul, Maria Paniw

{"title":"Comparative life-cycle analyses reveal interacting climatic and biotic drivers of population responses to climate change.","authors":"Esin Ickin, Eva Conquet, Briana Abrahms, Steve D Albon, Daniel T Blumstein, Monica L Bond, P Dee Boersma, Tyler J Clark-Wolf, Tim Clutton-Brock, Aldo Compagnoni, Tomáš Dostálek, Sanne M Evers, Claudia Fichtel, Marlène Gamelon, David García-Callejas, Michael Griesser, Brage B Hansen, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Kurt Jerstad, Peter M Kappeler, Kate Layton-Matthews, Derek E Lee, Francisco Lloret, Maarten J J E Loonen, Anne-Kathleen Malchow, Marta B Manser, Julien G A Martin, Ana Morales-González, Zuzana Münzbergová, Chloé R Nater, Neville Pillay, Maud Quéroué, Ole W Røstad, Teresa Sánchez-Mejía, Carsten Schradin, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Arpat Ozgul, Maria Paniw","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf286","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf286","url":null,"abstract":"Responses of natural populations to climate change are driven by how multiple climatic and biotic factors affect survival and reproduction, and ultimately shape population dynamics. Yet, despite substantial progress in synthesizing the sensitivity of populations to climatic variation, comparative studies still overlook such complex interactions among drivers that generate variation in population-level metrics. Here, we use a common framework to synthesize how the joint effects of climate and biotic drivers on different vital rates impact population change, using unique long-term data from 41 species, ranging from trees to primates. We show that simultaneous effects of multiple climatic drivers exacerbate population responses to climate change, especially for fast-lived species. However, accounting for density feedbacks under climate variation buffers the effects of climate change on population dynamics. In all species considered in our analyses, such interactions between climate and density had starkly different effects depending on the age, size, or life-cycle stage of individuals, regardless of the life history of species. Our work provides the first general framework to assess how covarying effects of climate and density across a wide range of population models can impact populations of plants and animals under climate change.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender-biased clustering of attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence: A social network analysis in south-central Ethiopia. 对身体亲密伴侣暴力态度的性别偏见聚类：埃塞俄比亚中南部的社会网络分析。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-03 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf282

Mhairi A Gibson, Eshetu Gurmu, Alexandra Alvergne, Daniel Redhead, Sarah Myers

{"title":"Gender-biased clustering of attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence: A social network analysis in south-central Ethiopia.","authors":"Mhairi A Gibson, Eshetu Gurmu, Alexandra Alvergne, Daniel Redhead, Sarah Myers","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf282","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf282","url":null,"abstract":"Changing social norms, shared beliefs about what is acceptable, is a key focus of global health campaigns aimed at ending intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). In Ethiopia, it is estimated that one in four women have been assaulted by a male partner, and over half the population hold attitudes supportive of this form of violence. To date, efforts to change people's attitudes towards IPVAW have been hindered by uncertainty over how social norms are acquired or learned. Here, we consider whether people's acceptance of IPVAW is maintained through social influence or \"contagion,\" using large-scale sociocentric social network data from 5,163 Arsi Oromo farmers in south-central Ethiopia. Bayesian analyses reveal that IPVAW attitudes cluster within social networks. People are more likely to accept IPVAW if the people they chat to, respect, or live with do too. However, exploration of the relationships between social ties indicates that this effect is gender stratified, i.e. driven by same-gender connections. Meanwhile, having IPVAW-accepting social ties of the opposite gender is predictive of a person rejecting IPVAW. Our results indicate that transmission paths may exist among social ties of the same gender: between friends and neighbors, from key respected community figures, and within and beyond households. This suggests that IPVAW prevention interventions that seek to target men and women, including key respected community figures of each gender, will be most effective in reducing the acceptability of IPVAW and thus eradicating this form of violence.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ingroup preferences, segregation, and intergroup contact in neighborhoods and civic organizations. 在社区和公民组织中的群体偏好、隔离和群体间联系。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-02 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf256

Kasimir Dederichs, Rob Franken, Dingeman Wiertz, Jochem Tolsma

{"title":"Ingroup preferences, segregation, and intergroup contact in neighborhoods and civic organizations.","authors":"Kasimir Dederichs, Rob Franken, Dingeman Wiertz, Jochem Tolsma","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf256","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf256","url":null,"abstract":"Segregation perpetuates social inequalities and undermines social cohesion. It can already emerge if individuals act upon weak preferences to associate with similar others. Yet, little remains known about how such ingroup preferences compare across social settings and different identity dimensions. To address this gap and to isolate ingroup preferences from other drivers of segregation, three large-scale, preregistered conjoint experiments on choices of neighborhoods and civic organizations were conducted (N 1 = 2,733, N 2 = 2,743, N 3 = 2,707). The results reveal powerful ingroup preferences in both settings and across all studied dimensions (age, ethnicity, education). These preferences are strongest among individuals with little real-life exposure to outgroups and do not depend on the expected intensity of contact. As an exception, lower-educated individuals display no ingroup preferences along educational lines. Altogether, the results highlight that ingroup preferences are pervasive, can pose a critical obstacle to intergroup contact, and should thus be carefully considered in desegregation efforts.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empirical evidence supports neither land sparing nor land sharing as the main strategy to manage agriculture-biodiversity tradeoffs. 经验证据既不支持土地节约，也不支持土地共享作为管理农业与生物多样性权衡的主要策略。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-02 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf251

Eva Augustiny, Anita Frehner, Ashley Green, Alexander Mathys, Francesca Rosa, Stephan Pfister, Adrian Muller

{"title":"Empirical evidence supports neither land sparing nor land sharing as the main strategy to manage agriculture-biodiversity tradeoffs.","authors":"Eva Augustiny, Anita Frehner, Ashley Green, Alexander Mathys, Francesca Rosa, Stephan Pfister, Adrian Muller","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf251","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf251","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural land-use change is a key driver of biodiversity loss. Two alternative strategies have been discussed to align biodiversity conservation with agricultural production in landscapes containing agriculture: (i) land sparing, with intensive agriculture strictly separated from natural land, and (ii) land sharing, a mosaic of low-intensity agriculture and natural elements. Sparing builds on high-yielding intensive production to provide more area for natural habitats; sharing aims to support biodiversity within agricultural landscapes by employing wildlife-friendly farming practices. A considerable body of literature addresses conceptual aspects of these strategies, but empirical evidence on how they support biodiversity is scarce. We assessed the empirical evidence by analyzing 57 peer-reviewed articles identified in a systematic literature review, of which only 17 allowed a comparison of the strategies. These 17 articles contained 27 cases of comparisons, of which 52% reported that context-specific solutions combining sharing and sparing performed best, and exclusively focusing on one strategy cannot balance the competing demands of food production and biodiversity. In 41% cases, land sparing performed best and in 7% land sharing. However, these 17 studies almost exclusively focus on specific contexts and metrics (e.g. species population density of tropical forest birds) and the other 40 studies lack important elements for a comparison, such as the assessment of agricultural production performance. The empirical basis is thus sparse and does not support statements claiming that, in general, either land sharing or land sparing strategies are unequivocally better. It rather highlights the importance of context-specific solutions for aligning agricultural production and biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The court of public opinion: The limited effects of elite rhetoric about prosecuting political leaders. 舆论法庭：起诉政治领导人的精英言论的有限影响。

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-02 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf253

Daniel B Markovits, Andrew O'Donohue

{"title":"The court of public opinion: The limited effects of elite rhetoric about prosecuting political leaders.","authors":"Daniel B Markovits, Andrew O'Donohue","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf253","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf253","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal prosecutions of political leaders have become salient election issues in the United States and globally, yet few studies have examined how such prosecutions affect public opinion. Donald Trump's criminal prosecution and ultimate victory in the 2024 US presidential election offer a valuable case to evaluate these effects. How does elite rhetoric about the accused leader's prosecution-from Donald Trump himself and from his federal prosecutor-shape public opinion? Using a preregistered survey experiment with 3,000 self-identified Republicans and independents, we test how alternative framings of Donald Trump's federal criminal prosecution affect public support for the accused leader, his prosecution and prosecutor, and democratic norms. Against theoretical expectations, we find that Trump's rhetoric attacking his prosecution does not increase support for him or for retaliatory violations of democratic norms. By contrast, legal rhetoric from Trump's federal prosecutor reduces intention of voting for the prosecuted leader, but only among respondents who do not view the leader favorably pretreatment. Legal rhetoric also increases normative evaluations of the prosecution overall but causes sharp backlash against the prosecutor among the leader's supporters. Finally, legal rhetoric increases support for democratic norms among some subgroups. Overall, elite rhetoric about Donald Trump's prosecution has strikingly limited effects on public opinion, as pretreatment favorability toward the prosecuted leader shapes whether or not citizens are receptive to rhetoric about legal accountability.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of short-chain fatty acid-producing gut microbiota and dietary habits with maternal depression in a subclinical population. 亚临床人群中产生短链脂肪酸的肠道菌群和饮食习惯与母亲抑郁症的关系

IF 3.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2025-09-02 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf169

Michiko Matsunaga, Mariko Takeuchi, Satoshi Watanabe, Aya K Takeda, Keisuke Hagihara, Masako Myowa

{"title":"Association of short-chain fatty acid-producing gut microbiota and dietary habits with maternal depression in a subclinical population.","authors":"Michiko Matsunaga, Mariko Takeuchi, Satoshi Watanabe, Aya K Takeda, Keisuke Hagihara, Masako Myowa","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf169","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf169","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of postpartum mental illness is steadily increasing, a tendency that was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies show that maternal depression is no longer confined to the perinatal period, and this necessitates long-term assessment and support for maternal mental health. It is critical to identify the factors that are related to depression among mothers, and this requires the development of integrated mental and physical health care encompassing both psychological aspects and intestinal microbiota, physical conditions, and dietary habits. Studies conducted in western countries have examined the association between gut microbiota and depressive disorders. However, little is known concerning postpartum mothers in healthy populations. In addition, even in healthy populations, some mothers will have severe depression. This is because mothers in Japan are typically hesitant to disclose psychiatric symptoms and tend not to consult specialists. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association of intestinal microbiota, physical condition, and dietary habits with depressed mood in healthy mothers in Japan. We found that microbiome diversity (Shannon α) and relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g. Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, and Subdoligranulum), obtained using 16S rRNA gene-sequencing analysis, were associated with high levels of depressive mood. Mothers who have this attribute showed poorer sleep quality and worse physical condition than mothers with low levels of depressive mood. The evaluation of dietary habits suggested that dietary patterns high in soy products, fermented food, seaweed, and mushrooms, as well as vegetables, are beneficial for depression and intestinal microbiota (e.g. Lachnospira, Agathobacter, and Subdoligranulum).","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"4 9","pages":"pgaf169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0