PNAS nexus最新文献

{"title":"Cultural proximity reveals a local premium in collective memory.","authors":"Mariana Macedo, Melanie Oyarzun, Cristian Candia, César A Hidalgo","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag308","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collective memory-shared information about the past that shapes a group's identity-is often examined through constructs such as familiarity or salience, conflating its local and global components. Here, we untangle these components using multilingual online attention traces for over 50,000 Wikipedia biographies spanning 137 billion pageviews and a large-scale behavioral recognition experiment in which more than 41,000 participants answered factual questions about famous biographies. Our experiment reveals a robust local memory premium, with people being around 10% points more likely to answer correctly questions about someone from their country and about five points more likely to answer correctly questions about biographies with whom they share a language. Finally, we study the impact of three major life events: Nobel Prizes, Oscars, and deaths in local and global online attention, finding these events produce brief but strong surges in local attention and slower but sustained increases in global attention. These findings add important spatial and temporal nuances to our understanding of collective memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 10","pages":"pgag308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge seismic phase picking: Model distillation for multimodal early-warning systems.","authors":"Hongyu Xiao, Jacob I Walter, Paul Ogwari","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seismic monitoring is entering a high data volume, multimodal sensing regime driven by dense sensor deployments, including micro-electro-mechanical systems arrays, large-N (100s-1000s) Nodal arrays, distributed acoustic sensing, and other geophysical instruments. Machine learning models, with appropriate tuning and calibration, are capable of achieving close to expert-level performance in seismic detection and phase picking. The emerging operational challenge is how to scale that machine intelligence across future multimodal sensing networks. Effective incorporation of these capabilities remains constrained by telemetry bandwidth, centralized computation architectures, and communication latency. Here, we present XiaoNet, a proof-of-concept edge machine learning architecture for seismicity monitoring based on a simple system principle: perform first-pass inference near the sensor and transmit concise metadata rather than continuous streams. Using knowledge distillation, we compress a state-of-the-art PhaseNet model by over 93% into XiaoNet, a 240 KB model designed for edge deployment, while preserving strong phase-picking performance across datasets. Deployment on a Raspberry Pi 5 shows sub-millisecond inference latency for 30-s 3-channel waveform windows. By shifting inference to the edge and transmitting concise event metadata payloads, the framework demonstrated the potential for edge inference to reduce communication latency. Substituting an event metadata message payload for continuous raw waveform stream largely mitigates the dominant source of variable telemetry delay under moderate to heavy load. This result supports a feasible architecture in which edge inference devices complements centralized observatories, potentially improving resilience and response speed for seismic monitoring and may extend to future multimodal subsurface and infrastructure sensing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 10","pages":"pgag322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HierX: Fast multiscale distance-decay interaction on million-node networks.","authors":"Alexander Hellervik, Joakim Bohlin, Claes Andersson","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag317","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many models across the sciences require global distance-decay interactions on large sparse networks. Gravity models, accessibility measures, spatial economic models, and network influence processes all evaluate distance-weighted potential fields: each location accumulates contributions from every other location, weighted by a decaying function of the shortest-path travel cost between them. Computed directly, such aggregate fields require the dense matrix of all pairwise network costs, which scales quadratically in time and memory. Common approximations either discard long-range contributions or fail when interaction is governed by network distances rather than geometric proximity. We introduce HierX, a hierarchical sparse-plus-correction operator for distance-decay potential fields on networks. HierX constructs multiscale representative layers with explicit correction terms ensuring each location pair contributes exactly once at the finest available resolution. Under bounded-growth assumptions common in spatially embedded networks, applying HierX scales as <math><mrow><mi>O</mi> <mo>(</mo></mrow> <mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow> <mspace></mspace> <mrow><mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>g</mi></mrow> <mrow><mspace></mspace> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> . Systematic benchmarks confirm quasi-linear scaling to 100,000 nodes. In head-to-head comparison with distance cutoff truncation and Nyström low-rank approximation on 25,000-zone networks, HierX achieves 5-9% root-mean-square error (RMSE) at a fraction of the computational work; Nyström degrades severely on steep decay kernels. Case studies compute population-weighted accessibility on the 2.58-million-node Great Britain driving network and the 1.77-million-node London pedestrian network: a one-time hierarchy construction ( <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </math> h) yields a compact reusable operator that then evaluates each national-scale accessibility field in under 1 s ( <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>700</mn></mrow> </math> ms for Great Britain, <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>150</mn></mrow> </math> ms for London). Open-source code and worked examples are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 9","pages":"pgag317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The seven virtues of <i>Samurai</i>: Revisiting a classic through computational language analysis.","authors":"Ryota Takano, Minoru Karasawa","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag314","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The longstanding dominance of values rooted in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies has increasingly come under scrutiny across the social sciences. This has renewed interest in how value systems cultivated in less-WEIRD contexts are articulated and widely received by WEIRD audiences. Recent advances in natural language processing make it possible to examine how such values are articulated in classical texts, using psychologically grounded analytical frameworks. The present study focuses on <i>Bushido: The Soul of Japan</i>, a widely read classic written by Inazo Nitobe to introduce Japanese ethical ideals to Western audiences. Using contextualized construct representation (CCR), a theory-driven computational approach to psychological text analysis, we examined how moral concerns are structured and expressed in <i>Bushido</i> relative to other texts related to Japanese culture, Christianity, and the Bible. Results showed that <i>Bushido</i> exhibits a distinct and structured moral profile that corresponds to psychologically defined moral dimensions. Moreover, among the Japanese culture-related texts, greater similarity to <i>Bushido</i> in moral profile was associated with broader reception in Western contexts, as indexed by independent indicators of publication, translation, and scholarly attention. Analyses of virtue-level structure further identified <i>Meiyo</i> (; honor) as the conceptual core of <i>Bushido</i>'s moral framework, a form of honor distinct from Western pride-based conceptions. Together, these findings suggest that <i>Bushido</i> conveys moral values rooted in Japanese cultural traditions in forms that are psychologically intelligible to Western readers, illustrating how less-WEIRD cultural values can be communicated across cultural boundaries without losing their distinctive meaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 9","pages":"pgag314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable sentiment and persistent dynamics in US economic news over 45 years.","authors":"Luis E C Rocha","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag318","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collective emotion is often inferred from the tone of mass media, but such emotion is not directly observed. One approximation is to extract sentiment from text and use sentiment indexes as proxies to study the temporal organization of news sentiment. Using a daily index of US economic news sentiment from 24 newspapers (1980-2025), we examine whether the response time of this sentiment process has changed. Although the average balance of positive and negative coverage has remained broadly stable, the persistence of news sentiment states has increased substantially. In dynamical terms, this implies longer residence times in optimistic or pessimistic regimes and weaker short-run correction of sentiment shocks. Complementary statistics show declining sentiment volatility, fewer reversals, and increasing bimodality, i.e. a stronger separation between positive and negative sentiment states. We also find an asymmetry between bursts of negative and positive sentiment, with negative bursts tending to last longer. These patterns are consistent with a minimal endogenous-memory model in which a slowly evolving latent sentiment component becomes more persistent while short-range corrective feedback weakens. The findings indicate a change in the temporal response of the US economic newspaper sentiment index over the last 45 years, with sentiment shocks leaving longer traces than expected under short-memory exponential decay. News-based sentiment is thus better modeled as persistent episodes rather than as daily reactions that reset after each event.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 10","pages":"pgag318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution measurement of near-surface bacterial swimming reveals bimodal cell-surface separations.","authors":"Hongbo Yu, Chi Zhang, Rongjing Zhang, Junhua Yuan","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag319","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial interactions with solid boundaries initiate surface sensing, adhesion, and biofilm formation, yet the dynamics of near-wall swimming remain difficult to quantify because the cell-surface gap is challenging to measure with high precision in real time. Here, we introduce a calibrated, exclusion-based fluorescence microscopy method that converts fluorescence intensity into absolute height using in situ microsphere calibration, enabling reconstruction of three-dimensional trajectories of swimming <i>Escherichia coli</i> with tens-of-nanometer axial precision over an ∼400-nm range. We observe that steady-state gap heights are bimodal: cells occupy two preferred separation regimes, a short-range state at ∼67 nm and a long-range hovering state at ∼240 nm. Increasing ionic strength enriches the short-range population and shifts it toward the surface, consistent with electrostatic screening predicted by Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, whereas the hovering state remains essentially unchanged, indicating a predominantly hydrodynamic origin. We further quantify how gap height covaries with swimming speed and trajectory curvature. This approach reconciles disparate estimates of cell-surface distances reported previously and offers a robust, noninvasive tool for investigating the mechanisms of bacteria-surface interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 9","pages":"pgag319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary roles of virtual and real trials in medicine: An interplay of virtuous spirals.","authors":"Ehsan Samei, Liesbeth Vancoillie, Michael Wilde, Alejandro F Frangi, Ehsan Abadi, Predrag R Bakic, Kristina Bliznakova, Hilde Bosmans, Ann-Katherine Carton, Dimitra G Darambara, Paul Kinahan, Mojtaba Lashgari, Rie Tanaka, Hongkai Wang, Arezoo Zakeri","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag310","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual trials provide medical knowledge and practical methods for generating evidence through computational methods. But extending beyond those advantages, they offer epistemic opportunities to add mechanistic explainability to predictive inference of real trials. Relating the distinct contributions and ontology of virtual and real trials enables a transformative convergence of biological and clinical insights that they embody.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 9","pages":"pgag310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attentional selection drives information convergence within macaque lateral prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Daniel J Mitchell, Mikiko Kadohisa, Makoto Kusunoki, Cheshta Bhatia, Mark J Buckley, John Duncan","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag311","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention is a coherent state, in which multiple brain regions converge to represent selected features of a focal object or event. Lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), with its flexible coding of multiple task features and their conjunctions, is widely believed to play a key role in this process. While much research has investigated biased competition between features within a brain region, and cofluctuations of activity between regions, less is known about the representational dynamics through which a coherent neural state emerges. Here, we examine directed mutual information concerning multiple feature-specific population codes, between dorsal and ventral LPFC, across three phases of an attentional selection task. We find bidirectional convergence of information regarding multiple task features, but specifically following the period of selection from the visual display. The results show that neural processes driving inter-region coherence are especially salient during a period of cued object selection, despite comparable local information representation during other task phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 9","pages":"pgag311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CatRange enables robust prediction of enzyme variant kinetic regimes.","authors":"Karuna Anna Sajeevan, Abraham Osinuga, Arunraj B, Sakib Ferdous, Nabia Shahreen, Mohammed Sakib Noor, Shashank Koneru, Laura Mariana Santos-Correa, Rahil Salehi, Niaz Bahar Chowdhury, Randy Aryee, Brisa Calderon-Lopez, Supantha Dey, Ankur Mali, Rajib Saha, Ratul Chowdhury","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag309","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predicting enzyme kinetics directly from sequence remains a central challenge in computational biology, particularly for mutations at catalytically essential residues. Existing models often default to wild-type predictions even when mutations cause substantial activity loss. This limits their utility for enzyme design and mechanistic inference. Here, we introduce CatRange, a machine learning framework trained on CatLog-27k, a human-in-the-loop, AI-agent curated dataset of 27,176 in vitro enzyme-substrate kinetic records. CatLog-27k was created through systematic audit and correction of BRENDA and SABIO-RK, with mutant entries manually reconciled against 2,158 source articles. CatRange reframes kinetic prediction as classification into log₁₀-spaced bins for catalytic turnover (<i>k</i> _<i>cat</i> ) and substrate affinity (<i>K_M</i> ), rather than exact-value regression. This formulation reflects the order-of-magnitude scale at which enzyme kinetics are commonly interpreted. It reduces sensitivity to assay variability while preserving distinctions among functional catalytic and binding states. Using joint enzyme-substrate representations and gradient-boosted classifiers, CatRange predicts kinetic ranges for wild-type and mutant enzymes across held-out, out-of-distribution, and few-shot mutation settings. The model achieves robust order-of-magnitude recovery and class-balanced discrimination. Moreover, it captures mutation-induced transitions across kinetic regimes, including activity losses caused by perturbations of annotated catalytic residues. CatRange also identifies nonenzyme sequence inputs. Together, CatLog and CatRange provide an interpretable, mutation-sensitive framework for enzyme engineering and kinetic metabolic modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 10","pages":"pgag309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadcast ritual dynamics among US Catholics during the 2025 papal conclave.","authors":"David Willinger, Selina Volsa, Stefan Stieger","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2025 papal conclave offered a natural experiment to trace how shared emotion and group identity evolve on the timescale of hours to days after a global broadcast ritual. Smartphone prompts delivered four surveys per day to 117 US Catholics from 2 days before the first ballot until 12 days after the inaugural blessing, yielding over 5,900 observations. Continuous-time models estimated that collective enthusiasm showed a small, instantaneous surge (0.25 SD) at the \"Habemus Papam\" announcement and then decayed by half within 16 hours. Religious identity changed more slowly, with a half-life of 42 h, and exhibited a comparable jump (0.20 SD) at the announcement, both jumps measured relative to the prevailing balloting-phase level. Dynamic cross-effects showed that elevated enthusiasm predicted modest gains in identity (cross-drift = 0.18 SD day^-1), whereas higher identity predicted reduced enthusiasm (cross-drift = -0.39 SD day^-1), suggesting regulatory feedback. Ritual phases also shifted trajectories: during secret balloting, constant inputs for enthusiasm (+0.13 SD) and identity (+0.12 SD) were modestly elevated relative to preballoting, whereas postannouncement phases slightly undershot preritual baselines. Finally, participants with above-average combined engagement showed little to no decline in self-rated religiosity, whereas those below average declined by 0.41 SD. These findings demonstrate a two-step process-an immediate wave of collective affective alignment followed by a slower, lasting identity build-and show that mediated rituals can align dispersed audiences and prolong the salience of group identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 10","pages":"pgag307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}