PLOS climate最新文献

{"title":"Designing an acceptable and fair carbon tax: The role of mental accounting","authors":"Mathilde Mus, Hugo Mercier, Coralie Chevallier","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000227","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its potential for curbing greenhouse gas emissions, carbon taxation encounters strong public resistance. However, acceptability depends on how tax revenues are used. We test the hypothesis that mental accounting theory can both explain systematic patterns in citizens’ preferences, such as the support for environmental earmarking, and help design a carbon tax scheme that is both acceptable and fair. Across six experiments conducted in the United Kingdom and in France (N total = 7100), we show that: (a) There is an acceptability boost when the use of tax revenues matches the tax domain thematically (e.g., allocating carbon tax revenues to green projects), as demonstrated by an interaction effect between the tax domain and the expenditure domain on the level of tax support. This result is consistent with the use of a mental accounting heuristic, by which people create mental budgets where the origin of revenues is matched thematically with their domain of use. (b) Carbon tax acceptability varies with the proportion of tax revenues earmarked for green projects. (c) A mixed carbon tax scheme, in which most revenues are earmarked for green projects and the rest is redistributed to low-income households to be spent on sustainable expenses, receives most support among the tested options. We also demonstrate the robustness of the mental accounting heuristic in two ways: by showing that the preference for environmental earmarking of carbon taxes is observed across all relevant subsections of the population, and that mental accounting also appears to shape preferences for health-related earmarking of tobacco taxes, and social-related earmarking of inheritance taxes.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coral reefs, cloud forests and radical climate interventions in Australia’s Wet Tropics and Great Barrier Reef","authors":"Benjamin K. Sovacool, Chad M. Baum, Sean Low, Livia Fritz","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000221","url":null,"abstract":"Given the inadequacy of current patterns of climate mitigation, calls for rapid climate protection are beginning to explore and endorse potentially radical options. Based on fieldwork involving original expert interviews (N = 23) and extensive site visits (N = 23) in Australia, this empirical study explores four types of climate interventions spanning climate differing degrees of radicalism: adaptation, solar geoengineering, forestry and ecosystems restoration, and carbon removal. It examines ongoing efforts to engage in selective breeding and assisted adaptation of coral species to be introduced on the Great Barrier Reef, as well as to implement regional solar geoengineering in the form of fogging and marine cloud brightening. It also examines related attempts at both nature-based and engineered forms of carbon removal vis-à-vis ecosystem restoration via forestry conservation and reforestation in the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area, and enhanced weathering and ocean alkalinization. This portfolio of climate interventions challenges existing categorizations and typologies of climate action. Moreover, the study identifies positive synergies and coupling between the options themselves, but also lingering trade-offs and risks needing to be taken into account. It discusses three inductive themes which emerged from the qualitative data: complexity and coupling, risk and multi-scalar effects, and radicality and governance. It elucidates these themes with an attempt to generalize lessons learned for other communities around the world considering climate interventions to protect forests, preserve coral reefs, or implement carbon removal and solar geoengineering.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household survey on climate change and human health in a low-income country: Associations between increased health emergencies and extreme changes in climate in Liberia","authors":"Madeline E. Ross, Antoinette H. Wright, Mark Luke, Abraham Tamba, Heounohu Romello Hessou, Stephen Kanneh, Kumeinu Da-Tokpah, Corey B. Bills","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000286","url":null,"abstract":"Liberia and other low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Yet, data on perceived risks of climate change among community residents in these countries are little known. We performed a cross-sectional survey of 800 households selected randomly through multistage cluster sampling from two regionally distinct areas of Liberia. A 91-item English survey was administered by trained research assistants verbally in the respondent’s preferred spoken language. Univariable comparison of climate related questions between the two regions was made by chi-squared analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to assess the association between known risks and the primary outcome of interest: a self-reported increase in health emergencies due to extreme heat, drought, flooding, wildfires, or other extreme weather events by climate change. Survey respondents were majority male (n = 461, 57.8%) with a mean age of 40.6 years (SD 14.7). Over 65% of households lived on less than 100 USD per month. A majority of respondents reported increased intensity of heat during the dry season (n = 408, 51.0%); increased intensity of rainfall during the rainy season (n = 433, 54.1%), and increased severity in endemic diseases (n = 401, 50.1%) over the past 5–10 years. In multivariable modeling, perceived water and food impacts (OR: 6.79, 95%CI 4.26–10.81; OR: 3.97, 95%CI 2.25–7.03, respectively), unemployment (OR: 3.52, 95%CI 1.89–6.56), and lack of electricity (OR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.23–3.38) were the strongest predictors of perceived increased health emergencies due to climate change. A significant proportion of households across multiple Liberian communities have already felt the health effects of climate change. Focused efforts on mitigating individual and household risks associated with the increased health effects of climate change is essential.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High ‘steaks’: Building support for reducing agricultural emissions","authors":"Linus Mattauch, Leona Tenkhoff","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association between health, local area characteristics and climate action plans in the UK: Cross-sectional analysis using administrative data from 2018 and a citizen science ranking of climate action plans from 2021","authors":"Heather Brown, Scott Butterfield, Jessica Davies, Steven Dodd, Abigail Morris","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000166","url":null,"abstract":"Local government has an important role to play in mitigation and adaption to climate change. In the UK, 82% of all emissions fall within the scope of local government. However, in UK climate legislation there is no statutory requirement for local government to address climate change. Eighty percent of local authorities have declared a climate emergency and developed climate action plans. The aim of this study is to explore the association between social vulnerability (poor health, financial resources, deprivation, house prices) and the quality of climate action plans as measured by a scorecard system created by Climate Emergency UK. We hypothesis that areas with lower levels of social vulnerability will have higher quality climate plans. We utilised a citizen science created dataset ranking local government’s climate action plans and administrative data on local area characteristics related to social vulnerability at the local authority level. Descriptive analysis and multivariate regression were employed. We found a very small but significant association between total weighted score, central government funding and average house prices. For the individual dimensions of the quality of climate action plans, higher male life expectancy and house prices were associated with better commitment and integration and having a greater percentage of the population over the age of 65 was associated with a lower score in this dimension. More urban areas and less deprived areas had higher scores for planning climate education, skills and training. We suggest that greater national guidance is needed including sharing good practice on how to build community support and additional funding for climate change mitigation/adaption in particular for education, skills, and training in more deprived areas may help to prevent variations in climate action plans increasing inequalities.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and the problem of social cost","authors":"William K. Jaeger","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000287","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the prospects for climate stabilization from both positive and normative economic perspectives, and with an eye to the conditions necessary for collective action across the three domains: domestic, international, and intergenerational. While it is well-established that international freeriding and transaction costs pose major impediments to successful environmental agreements, this analysis identifies the intergenerational domain as the source of intractability due to long delays between bearing the mitigation costs and enjoying their eventual climate benefits. This lag causes the net benefits for median-aged voters’ to be negative over their expected remaining lifespans. Drawing from several Integrated Assessment Models of the benefits and costs of climate stabilization actions, the analysis concludes that programs of domestic and international climate actions will be hopelessly stymied by the failure of the actions to pass individual and collective rationality tests. However, these dire findings leave the door open to the possibility that some other change in circumstances might undercut this conclusion. In particular, the assignment of rights has that potential. Indeed, these circumstances echo the canonical insights from Ron Coase’s observation in The Problem of Social Cost (1960) that the arrangement of rights can have large effects on welfare when transaction costs for an externality are high. Current climate rights amount to a de facto open access right to pollute the atmosphere. Were a right to a stable climate for both for current and future generations recognized, added weight or leverage would add potency to support for climate stabilization policies and international agreements. These legal changes could represent a counterweight to offset the inadequacy of support from the current self-interested generation. Indeed, some recent climate litigation argues that many nations’ constitutions already encompass an affirmative right to a stable climate, a proposition that could represent a powerful means to break the climate impasse.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The seasonality of nutrition status in Shawi Indigenous children in the Peruvian Amazon","authors":"Andrea Valdivia-Gago, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Cesar Carcamo, Lea Berrang-Ford, Guillermo Lancha, Pedro Pizango, Junior Chanchari, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Patricia J. García, Walter Vílchez, Nia King, Rosa Silvera, Sherilee L. Harper","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000284","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the impact of seasonal and climatic variability on childhood nutritional status in the Amazon is limited. We examined how the nutritional status of Shawi children under five years changed seasonally and explored parental participation in food system activities (fishing, livestock, agriculture, hunting) as a potential influence. Using a community-based research approach with Indigenous Shawi Peoples, we conducted cross-sectional surveys in pre-harvest (July-August 2014) and post-harvest (November-December 2015) seasons. Sociodemographic data, parental participation, weight, height, and hemoglobin concentration were collected for childhood nutritional assessment. We employed bivariable linear regression to analyze associations between seasonal variations in children’s nutrition and parental food system engagement. The study took place across eleven Indigenous Shawi communities in Loreto, Peruvian Amazon. In total, 74 Shawi children and their parents were analyzed. Results indicated a decrease in childhood wasting (4.9% to 0.0%) and persistent anemia (66.2% to 66.2%), while stunting increased (39.2% to 41.9%) from pre-harvest to post-harvest. Parental participation in food activities varied seasonally, but its impact on childhood nutritional status was not statistically significant. Our findings highlight significant levels of undernutrition in Indigenous Shawi children, with slight seasonal variation. Future interventions must consider seasonal dynamics, and further exploration of parental roles in children’s diets is warranted.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135151514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining knowledge and epistemic justice in the design of nature-based solutions for water management","authors":"Johan Arango-Quiroga, Alaina Kinol, Laura Kuhl","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000194","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for water management have gained traction as triple-win options for climate action due to their ability to address social, economic, and environmental challenges. Recent developments in the literature of NbS have resulted in a body of work addressing questions about knowledge and justice. In line with these developments, this paper proposes the Knowledge and Epistemic Injustice in NbS for Water Framework (KEIN Framework) to identify the production of epistemic injustices in the design of NbS for water management. The KEIN framework draws on questions about knowledge and power raised by Avelino and five mechanisms that lead to epistemic injustice based on work by Fricker and Byskov. We apply the framework to examine a proposal presented to the Green Climate Fund (GCF) that included both NbS for water management and Indigenous People in South America. Rather than being an analysis of the project or the GCF per se, the goal of this analysis is to demonstrate the utility of the framework to analyze proposals during the design stage. We argue that proposals submitted to the GCF are reflective of a broadly held international environmental logic. We also identify indications that knowledge was organized and treated in a way that favored external actors at the expense of local actors. Our analysis also revealed prejudices against people’s epistemic capacities, with potential implications for how the generation of local knowledge is adopted on the ground. The framework illustrates how the design of NbS may minimally disrupt power relations due to the influential role of some actors in generating knowledge. This study contributes to the operationalization of epistemic justice in designing NbS. Through the application of the proposed framework, the study contributes to future work advancing the construction of epistemically just NbS.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate action in the United States","authors":"Sabrina McCormick, Annette Aldous, Laurilee Yarbrough","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000175","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals can act to mitigate climate change and its consequences by changing their own behavior, working with others to address community issues, or advocating for government action. However, little is known about what people are doing or the factors shaping their engagement. We surveyed 741 respondents in the United States to understand their current beliefs, motivations, and behaviors related to climate action. Our respondents report frequently taking everyday actions, such as talking to others about climate change and buying climate friendly products with less frequent, but still higher than expected, advocacy-oriented actions like signing petitions or contacting representatives. We find wide agreement on the importance of government action and the need for government to hear people’s concerns, with more variability in the importance assigned to community and individual actions. Lack of access to resources, social support, or fun approaches to addressing climate change represent obstacles to further action.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135982434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest therapy as a trauma-informed approach to disaster recovery: Insights from a wildfire-affected community","authors":"Cat Hartwell, Juliette M. Randazza, Gregory N. Bratman, David P. Eisenman, Blake Ellis, Eli Goodsell, Chaja Levy, Nicole A. Errett","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000096","url":null,"abstract":"A trauma-informed approach to disaster recovery recognizes the potential impacts of trauma, promotes resilience to protect against retraumatization, and can support catering the needs of disaster survivors in affected communities. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that interaction with nature is associated with a number of physical and mental health benefits, though literature surrounding nature-based therapy and disaster survivors is limited. Through key informant interviews with forest therapy guides from a program in wildfire affected Butte County, CA, this exploratory study investigates if and how “Forest Therapy ’’ can serve as a trauma-informed approach to promote wellbeing in the face of climate change and associated disasters. We find that community-based forest therapy programs offer a promising, flexible approach to community-based trauma-informed mental health servicest in disaster-affected communities. Findings also identify opportunities to tailor implementation of future programs to better reach populations most impacted by disasters, including through targeted outreach and diverse guide recruitment. Future research should investigate the impacts of forest therapy on the mental health and wellbeing of participants, as well as the scalability of forest therapy programs in disaster-affected communities.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46282905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}