PLOS climate最新文献

{"title":"Mental health during wildfires in Southcentral Alaska: An assessment of community-derived mental health categories, interventions, and implementation considerations","authors":"Micah B. Hahn, Georgia J. Michlig, Amanda Hansen, Liam Manning, Jura L. Augustinavicius","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000300","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have linked wildfires to a range of adverse mental health outcomes, but there has been limited research on the mental health impacts of wildfire in Alaska, an area undergoing rapid environmental change. We used a multi-level qualitative approach to identify mental health and psychosocial problems, coping, existing support, and gaps in support among communities who were affected by the Swan Lake and McKinley fires in Alaska in 2019. We recruited 39 community members from Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula to participate in free list interviews, a community ranking workshop, and in-depth interviews, and we recruited 12 professional key informants including wildland firefighters, mental health providers, community advocates, policy makers, and public health professionals to participate in in-depth interviews and a discussion-based workshop. There were several locally-defined categories of mental health issues identified in relation to wildfires in southcentral Alaska in 2019. Key informants who work in the region identified a package of communications-related interventions as being the most impactful and actionable support for wildfire-related mental health concerns. Additional highly rated mental health supports centered around leadership acknowledging the connection between wildfire and mental health, connecting community members to formal or informal systems of mental health care, enhancing the emergency shelter system, and providing crises debriefing during wildfire evacuations. The results of this study can be utilized to facilitate implementation of prevention and response activities to support mental health resilience during wildfires in Alaska and other wildfire-affected regions.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate variability and water-related infectious diseases in Pacific Island Countries and Territories, a systematic review","authors":"Rose Hosking, Kayla Smurthwaite, Simon Hales, Alice Richardson, Suliasi Batikawai, Aparna Lal","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000296","url":null,"abstract":"Background Climate induced changes in water-related infectious disease (WRID) transmission are a growing public health concern. The effects of climate on disease vary regionally, as do key socioeconomic modifiers. Regional syntheses are necessary to develop public health tools like risk maps and early warning systems at this scale. There is a high burden of WRID in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). There has been significant work on this topic in the PICTs, however, to date, there has been no regional systematic review of climate variability and WRID. Methods We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus scientific databases in September 2022 using a combination of disease, climate, and country terms. We included studies that evaluated the association between climate or weather variability and a WRID in the PICTs using a quantitative epidemiological design. We assessed risk of bias using validated tools. We analysed spatiotemporal publication patterns, synthesised the outcomes of studies in relation to the international literature and identified missing evidence. Results & discussion We identified 45 studies of climate and malaria, dengue, diarrhoea, leptospirosis, and typhoid, which represent major WRIDs of concern in the Pacific Islands. More than half of the studies were set in Papua New Guinea or Fiji. The number of studies published each year increased exponentially over time from the 1980s to present. We found few comparable outcomes per disease and setting across epidemiological studies which limited the potential for meta-analysis. However, we identified consistent increased incidence of diarrhoea, dengue, leptospirosis, and typhoid following extreme weather events, highlighting the necessity for adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene access across the PICTs. Additionally, there were consistent positive associations between temperature and dengue incidence in New Caledonia, highly seasonal malaria in PNG, increased diarrhoea incidence with high and low rainfall, and positive associations between leptospirosis and rainfall. These findings are biologically plausible and consistent with the international literature. Future work on this topic in the PICTs can take advantage of increasingly available health and climate data to consolidate the field across a greater diversity of settings and apply these findings to strengthening climate resilient health systems. Registration This review is registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO CRD42022353853 ), in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Climate-Smart Forestry: Promise and risks for forests, society, and climate","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136097405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Arctic no more: Short- and long-term global-scale prospects for snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) under global warming","authors":"Darrell R. J. Mullowney, Krista D. Baker, Cody S. Szuwalski, Stephanie A. Boudreau, Frédéric Cyr, Brooks A. Kaiser","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000294","url":null,"abstract":"Snow crab is a sea-ice associated species that supports several economically important fisheries in northern latitudes. During the past decade considerable stock range changes have occurred, characterized by a general shift from sub-Arctic ecosystems into the Arctic. We developed predictive models for short-term biomass trajectories and long-term habitat potential under a changing climate. Sea ice extent and the Arctic Oscillation were important variables in the short-term models. Future sea ice extent was used as an analog for long-term habitat potential and was predicted as a function of projected atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and the Arctic Oscillation. Our results show that global scale snow crab habitat and biomass are currently at or near historically measured highs. Similar overall habitat potential to historic and current levels is expected to continue out to 2100 under best case CO 2 scenarios but declines below historic levels are projected to begin after about 2050 under worst cast CO 2 scenarios. In the short-term, most historical stock ranges are expected to maintain productive fisheries while new habitats open. In the long-term, under all CO 2 scenarios, we project a shift in habitats from historic ranges into new frontiers as sea ice recedes. Future population trajectories depend upon the ability of snow crab to track habitat shifts and we discuss possible forthcoming changes in context of potential socioeconomic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing an acceptable and fair carbon tax: The role of mental accounting","authors":"Mathilde Mus, Hugo Mercier, Coralie Chevallier","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000227","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its potential for curbing greenhouse gas emissions, carbon taxation encounters strong public resistance. However, acceptability depends on how tax revenues are used. We test the hypothesis that mental accounting theory can both explain systematic patterns in citizens’ preferences, such as the support for environmental earmarking, and help design a carbon tax scheme that is both acceptable and fair. Across six experiments conducted in the United Kingdom and in France (N total = 7100), we show that: (a) There is an acceptability boost when the use of tax revenues matches the tax domain thematically (e.g., allocating carbon tax revenues to green projects), as demonstrated by an interaction effect between the tax domain and the expenditure domain on the level of tax support. This result is consistent with the use of a mental accounting heuristic, by which people create mental budgets where the origin of revenues is matched thematically with their domain of use. (b) Carbon tax acceptability varies with the proportion of tax revenues earmarked for green projects. (c) A mixed carbon tax scheme, in which most revenues are earmarked for green projects and the rest is redistributed to low-income households to be spent on sustainable expenses, receives most support among the tested options. We also demonstrate the robustness of the mental accounting heuristic in two ways: by showing that the preference for environmental earmarking of carbon taxes is observed across all relevant subsections of the population, and that mental accounting also appears to shape preferences for health-related earmarking of tobacco taxes, and social-related earmarking of inheritance taxes.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coral reefs, cloud forests and radical climate interventions in Australia’s Wet Tropics and Great Barrier Reef","authors":"Benjamin K. Sovacool, Chad M. Baum, Sean Low, Livia Fritz","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000221","url":null,"abstract":"Given the inadequacy of current patterns of climate mitigation, calls for rapid climate protection are beginning to explore and endorse potentially radical options. Based on fieldwork involving original expert interviews (N = 23) and extensive site visits (N = 23) in Australia, this empirical study explores four types of climate interventions spanning climate differing degrees of radicalism: adaptation, solar geoengineering, forestry and ecosystems restoration, and carbon removal. It examines ongoing efforts to engage in selective breeding and assisted adaptation of coral species to be introduced on the Great Barrier Reef, as well as to implement regional solar geoengineering in the form of fogging and marine cloud brightening. It also examines related attempts at both nature-based and engineered forms of carbon removal vis-à-vis ecosystem restoration via forestry conservation and reforestation in the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area, and enhanced weathering and ocean alkalinization. This portfolio of climate interventions challenges existing categorizations and typologies of climate action. Moreover, the study identifies positive synergies and coupling between the options themselves, but also lingering trade-offs and risks needing to be taken into account. It discusses three inductive themes which emerged from the qualitative data: complexity and coupling, risk and multi-scalar effects, and radicality and governance. It elucidates these themes with an attempt to generalize lessons learned for other communities around the world considering climate interventions to protect forests, preserve coral reefs, or implement carbon removal and solar geoengineering.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household survey on climate change and human health in a low-income country: Associations between increased health emergencies and extreme changes in climate in Liberia","authors":"Madeline E. Ross, Antoinette H. Wright, Mark Luke, Abraham Tamba, Heounohu Romello Hessou, Stephen Kanneh, Kumeinu Da-Tokpah, Corey B. Bills","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000286","url":null,"abstract":"Liberia and other low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Yet, data on perceived risks of climate change among community residents in these countries are little known. We performed a cross-sectional survey of 800 households selected randomly through multistage cluster sampling from two regionally distinct areas of Liberia. A 91-item English survey was administered by trained research assistants verbally in the respondent’s preferred spoken language. Univariable comparison of climate related questions between the two regions was made by chi-squared analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to assess the association between known risks and the primary outcome of interest: a self-reported increase in health emergencies due to extreme heat, drought, flooding, wildfires, or other extreme weather events by climate change. Survey respondents were majority male (n = 461, 57.8%) with a mean age of 40.6 years (SD 14.7). Over 65% of households lived on less than 100 USD per month. A majority of respondents reported increased intensity of heat during the dry season (n = 408, 51.0%); increased intensity of rainfall during the rainy season (n = 433, 54.1%), and increased severity in endemic diseases (n = 401, 50.1%) over the past 5–10 years. In multivariable modeling, perceived water and food impacts (OR: 6.79, 95%CI 4.26–10.81; OR: 3.97, 95%CI 2.25–7.03, respectively), unemployment (OR: 3.52, 95%CI 1.89–6.56), and lack of electricity (OR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.23–3.38) were the strongest predictors of perceived increased health emergencies due to climate change. A significant proportion of households across multiple Liberian communities have already felt the health effects of climate change. Focused efforts on mitigating individual and household risks associated with the increased health effects of climate change is essential.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High ‘steaks’: Building support for reducing agricultural emissions","authors":"Linus Mattauch, Leona Tenkhoff","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association between health, local area characteristics and climate action plans in the UK: Cross-sectional analysis using administrative data from 2018 and a citizen science ranking of climate action plans from 2021","authors":"Heather Brown, Scott Butterfield, Jessica Davies, Steven Dodd, Abigail Morris","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000166","url":null,"abstract":"Local government has an important role to play in mitigation and adaption to climate change. In the UK, 82% of all emissions fall within the scope of local government. However, in UK climate legislation there is no statutory requirement for local government to address climate change. Eighty percent of local authorities have declared a climate emergency and developed climate action plans. The aim of this study is to explore the association between social vulnerability (poor health, financial resources, deprivation, house prices) and the quality of climate action plans as measured by a scorecard system created by Climate Emergency UK. We hypothesis that areas with lower levels of social vulnerability will have higher quality climate plans. We utilised a citizen science created dataset ranking local government’s climate action plans and administrative data on local area characteristics related to social vulnerability at the local authority level. Descriptive analysis and multivariate regression were employed. We found a very small but significant association between total weighted score, central government funding and average house prices. For the individual dimensions of the quality of climate action plans, higher male life expectancy and house prices were associated with better commitment and integration and having a greater percentage of the population over the age of 65 was associated with a lower score in this dimension. More urban areas and less deprived areas had higher scores for planning climate education, skills and training. We suggest that greater national guidance is needed including sharing good practice on how to build community support and additional funding for climate change mitigation/adaption in particular for education, skills, and training in more deprived areas may help to prevent variations in climate action plans increasing inequalities.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and the problem of social cost","authors":"William K. Jaeger","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000287","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the prospects for climate stabilization from both positive and normative economic perspectives, and with an eye to the conditions necessary for collective action across the three domains: domestic, international, and intergenerational. While it is well-established that international freeriding and transaction costs pose major impediments to successful environmental agreements, this analysis identifies the intergenerational domain as the source of intractability due to long delays between bearing the mitigation costs and enjoying their eventual climate benefits. This lag causes the net benefits for median-aged voters’ to be negative over their expected remaining lifespans. Drawing from several Integrated Assessment Models of the benefits and costs of climate stabilization actions, the analysis concludes that programs of domestic and international climate actions will be hopelessly stymied by the failure of the actions to pass individual and collective rationality tests. However, these dire findings leave the door open to the possibility that some other change in circumstances might undercut this conclusion. In particular, the assignment of rights has that potential. Indeed, these circumstances echo the canonical insights from Ron Coase’s observation in The Problem of Social Cost (1960) that the arrangement of rights can have large effects on welfare when transaction costs for an externality are high. Current climate rights amount to a de facto open access right to pollute the atmosphere. Were a right to a stable climate for both for current and future generations recognized, added weight or leverage would add potency to support for climate stabilization policies and international agreements. These legal changes could represent a counterweight to offset the inadequacy of support from the current self-interested generation. Indeed, some recent climate litigation argues that many nations’ constitutions already encompass an affirmative right to a stable climate, a proposition that could represent a powerful means to break the climate impasse.","PeriodicalId":74463,"journal":{"name":"PLOS climate","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}