Haftay Hailu Gebremedhn, Sintayehu Werkneh Dejene, Samuel Tuffa, Yayneshet Tesfay, Sylvanus Mensah, Adam John Mears Devenish
{"title":"The dynamics of vegetation diversity and biomass under traditional grazing in Ethiopia's Somali rangeland","authors":"Haftay Hailu Gebremedhn, Sintayehu Werkneh Dejene, Samuel Tuffa, Yayneshet Tesfay, Sylvanus Mensah, Adam John Mears Devenish","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Traditional grazing management practices are central to rangeland productivity and biodiversity. However, the degradation of rangelands and loss of ecosystem services have raised concerns about the future of pastoralism as a form of land use. It is imperative to understand how these practices influence vegetation attributes, e.g., herbaceous species diversity and composition, growth forms (grass, forbs), life form (annuals, perennials), tree metrics (density, canopy cover, and biomass). This study evaluates vegetation shifts under three grazing management practices‐enclosures, open grazing, and browsing lands‐in the Somali pastoral ecosystem of Ethiopia. Enclosures exhibited the highest diversity in herbaceous species, with open grazing lands favoring forbs and annuals. Distinct compositional shifts in herbaceous species were observed across regimes, especially in grass and annuals. Enclosures had three times higher herbage biomass of open grazing and double that of browsing management practice. Conversely, browsing management practices presented optimal wood biomass, density, and canopy cover. The results highlight that a transition to combined enclosure and browsing practices can elevate plant production and diversity, benefiting the Somali rangeland economy. Consequently, dryland restoration should incorporate indigenous knowledge to ensure future rangeland sustainability and biodiversity preservation.","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"47 37","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular constraints on tolerance‐resistance trade‐offs: Is there a cost?","authors":"J. Miles Mesa, Ken N. Paige","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plants possess myriad defenses against their herbivores, including constitutive and inducible chemical compounds and regrowth strategies known as tolerance. Recent studies have shown that plant tolerance and resistance are positively associated given they are co‐localized in the same molecular pathway, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. However, given that both defensive strategies utilize carbon skeletons from a shared resource pool in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway there are likely costs in maintaining both resistance‐tolerance strategies. Here we investigate fitness costs in maintaining both strategies by utilizing a double knockout of cyp79B2 and cyp79B3 , key enzymes in the biosynthetic process of indole glucosinolates, which convert tryptophan to indole‐3‐acetaldoxime (IAOx) and is further used to produce indole glucosinolates. These mutant plants are devoid of any indole glucosinolates thus reducing plant resistance. Results show that knocking out indole glucosinolate production and thus one of the resistance pathways leads to an approximate 94% increase in fitness compensation shifting the undercompensating wild‐type Columbia‐0 to an overcompensating genotype following damage. We discuss the potential mechanistic basis for the observed patterns.","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanobubbles in vase water inhibit transpiration and prolong the vase life of cut chrysanthemum flowers","authors":"Rie Nakazawa, Akito Tanaka, Naoki Hata, Hisato Minagawa, Emiko Harada","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nanobubble (NB) water has been shown to promote the growth of several types of plants and animals, but the mechanism underlying this promoting effect remains unclear. The present study evaluated the mechanism by which NBs maintain the freshness of cut flowers by keeping cut chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) flowers at the bud stage in vase water containing air NBs. The condition of petals and leaves was assessed to determine the vase life of these cut flowers. The NB treatment delayed bud opening and petal senescence of the inflorescences. Water absorption and transpiration by cut flower stems were lower in NB water than in distilled water (DW). Furthermore, when all the leaves were removed from the cut flower stems, no significant difference in vase life was observed between NB water and DW. These findings indicate that the inhibition of transpiration from leaves prolonged the vase life of NB‐treated cut chrysanthemum flowers. In the early stage of the treatment, NB treatment significantly reduced transpiration without closing stomata, suggesting that the reduction in transpiration observed in the NB‐treated plants might be due to the suppression of cuticular transpiration, defined as water loss through the epidermis. Surface tension, one of the important driving forces of water movement in plants, was not affected by the presence of NBs in water. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that transpiration from leaves is inhibited by NB treatment.","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"45 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabrina Dookie, Sirpaul Jaikishun, Abdullah Adil Ansari
{"title":"<i>Avicennia germinans</i> leaf traits in degraded, restored, and natural mangrove ecosystems of Guyana","authors":"Sabrina Dookie, Sirpaul Jaikishun, Abdullah Adil Ansari","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mangrove leaves have unique features that enable them to cope with shifting environmental conditions while preserving their general functionality and efficiency. We examined the morphological characteristics and chlorophyll content (spectroscopically) of 600 mature Avicennia germinans leaves selected from 30 trees located in one degraded, one restored, and one natural mangrove ecosystem along Guyana's coastline. Systematic sampling was carried out using the closest individual sampling method in the wet and dry seasons. We hypothesized that both habitat type and seasonality influence the leaf traits and chlorophyll content of A. germinans. Our findings showed that A. germinans leaves are mesophyllous, and traits such as leaf perimeter, area, length, width, dry mass, wet mass, turgid mass, leaf‐specific area, and relative water content showed fluctuations in ecosystems (one‐way ANOVA, p < .05) as well as seasonally (paired t ‐test, p < .05). Substantial, positive correlations ( p < .05, R > .75) were also established for over 10 leaf parameters in both seasons while PCA and multiple regression analyses further confirmed the strong relationships between leaf morphological features and their respective locations. Changes in chlorophyll concentration were most noticeable in the degraded ecosystem while variations in leaf traits were more pronounced in the restored mangrove area. This may be due to the various disturbances found in each ecosystem coupled with fluctuations in the seasons. Our results demonstrate that mangroves, to some extent, alter their plant structures to cope with environmental stressors present in the various ecosystems they thrive in to maintain their survival.","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A multi-level approach reveals key physiological and molecular traits in the response of two rice genotypes subjected to water deficit at the reproductive stage.","authors":"Bénédicte Favreau, Camille Gaal, Isabela Pereira de Lima, Gaétan Droc, Sandrine Roques, Armel Sotillo, Florence Guérard, Valérie Cantonny, Bertrand Gakière, Julie Leclercq, Tanguy Lafarge, Marcel de Raissac","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10121","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice is more vulnerable to drought than maize, wheat, and sorghum because its water requirements remain high throughout the rice life cycle. The effects of drought vary depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the events, as well as on the rice genotype and developmental stage. It can affect all levels of organization, from genes to the cells, tissues, and/or organs. In this study, a moderate water deficit was applied to two contrasting rice genotypes, IAC 25 and CIRAD 409, during their reproductive stage. Multi-level transcriptomic, metabolomic, physiological, and morphological analyses were performed to investigate the complex traits involved in their response to drought. Weighted gene network correlation analysis was used to identify the specific molecular mechanisms regulated by each genotype, and the correlations between gene networks and phenotypic traits. A holistic analysis of all the data provided a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms regulated by each genotype, and enabled the identification of gene markers. Under non-limiting water conditions, CIRAD 409 had a denser shoot, but shoot growth was slower despite better photosynthetic performance. Under water deficit, CIRAD 409 was weakly affected regardless of the plant level analyzed. In contrast, IAC 25 had reduced growth and reproductive development. It regulated transcriptomic and metabolic activities at a high level, and activated a complex gene regulatory network involved in growth-limiting processes. By comparing two contrasting genotypes, the present study identified the regulation of some fundamental processes and gene markers, that drive rice development, and influence its response to water deficit, in particular, the importance of the biosynthetic and regulatory pathways for cell wall metabolism. These key processes determine the biological and mechanical properties of the cell wall and thus influence plant development, organ expansion, and turgor maintenance under water deficit. Our results also question the genericity of the antagonism between morphogenesis and organogenesis observed in the two genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 5","pages":"229-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10564380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41222851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Halomonas ventosae</i> JPT10 promotes salt tolerance in foxtail millet (<i>Setaria italica</i>) by affecting the levels of multiple antioxidants and phytohormones.","authors":"Shenghui Xiao, Yiman Wan, Yue Zheng, Yongdong Wang, Jiayin Fan, Qian Xu, Zheng Gao, Changai Wu","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant growth-promoting bacterias (PGPBs) can increase crop output under normal and abiotic conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying the plant salt tolerance-promoting role of PGPBs still remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that <i>Halomonas ventosae</i> JPT10 promoted the salt tolerance of both dicots and monocots. Physiological analysis revealed that JPT10 reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation by improving the antioxidant capability of foxtail millet seedlings. The metabolomic analysis of JPT10-inoculated foxtail millet seedlings led to the identification of 438 diversely accumulated metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, coumarins, sugar, alkaloids, organic acids, and lipids, under salt stress. Exogenous apigenin and chlorogenic acid increased the salt tolerance of foxtail millet seedlings. Simultaneously, JPT10 led to greater amounts of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and their derivatives but lower levels of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonate (JA), and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) under salt stress. Exogenous JA, methyl-JA, and OPDA intensified, whereas ibuprofen or phenitone, two inhibitors of JA and OPDA biosynthesis, partially reversed, the growth inhibition of foxtail millet seedlings caused by salt stress. Our results shed light on the response of foxtail millet seedlings to <i>H. ventosae</i> under salt stress and provide potential compounds to increase salt tolerance in foxtail millet and other crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 5","pages":"275-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10564379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41222849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L V Y Weerarathne, Z Jahufer, R Schäufele, I Lopez, C Matthew
{"title":"A comparative analysis of agronomic water-use efficiency and its proxy measures as derived from key morpho-physiological and supportive quantitative genetics attributes of perennial ryegrass under imposed drought.","authors":"L V Y Weerarathne, Z Jahufer, R Schäufele, I Lopez, C Matthew","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water-use efficiency (WUE) is an under-researched but very important drought tolerance trait in forage breeding. This research estimated quantitative genetic parameters of morpho-physiological traits linked to agronomic water-use efficiency (WUE<sub>A</sub>) and its proxy measures based on δ<sup>13</sup>C (WUE<sub>i</sub>) or gas exchange (evapotranspiration, WUE<sub>AET</sub>, or stomatal conductance WUE<sub>ASC</sub>) of genotypes from half-sib families of <i>Lolium perenne</i> L. (PRG) in a simulated summer drought cycle. Principal component analysis (PCA) of trait data distinguished a group of PRG genotypes where high WUE<sub>A</sub> and dry matter yield was associated with deep rooting, leaf hydration at more negative leaf osmotic and water potential, and reduced soil moisture depletion. Plants with this trait association sustained net assimilation and postdefoliation regrowth in drought. However, WUEi, WUE<sub>ASC</sub>, and WUE<sub>AET</sub> were poorly correlated with most traits of interest at <i>p</i> < .05. Another PCA revealed a weak association between WUE<sub>A</sub> and its proxy measures under conditions tested. Quantitative genetic parameters including high estimates of narrow-sense heritability (<math><mrow><mrow><msubsup><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>></mo><mn>0.7</mn><mo>;</mo><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>.05</mn></mrow></mrow></math>) of WUE<sub>A</sub> and related traits emphasized the genetic potential of the key trait combination for selecting PRG for improved drought tolerance. Research findings highlight the relative importance of WUE<sub>A</sub> and its proxy measures in the broad definition of PRG drought tolerance for breeding purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 5","pages":"291-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41222850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Matros, Patrick Menz, Alison R Gill, Armando Santoscoy, Tim Dawson, Udo Seiffert, Rachel A Burton
{"title":"Non-invasive assessment of cultivar and sex of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. by means of hyperspectral measurement.","authors":"Andrea Matros, Patrick Menz, Alison R Gill, Armando Santoscoy, Tim Dawson, Udo Seiffert, Rachel A Burton","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. is a versatile crop attracting increasing attention for food, fiber, and medical uses. As a dioecious species, males and females are visually indistinguishable during early growth. For seed or cannabinoid production, a higher number of female plants is economically advantageous. Currently, sex determination is labor-intensive and costly. Instead, we used rapid and non-destructive hyperspectral measurement, an emerging means of assessing plant physiological status, to reliably differentiate males and females. One industrial hemp (low tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) cultivar was pre-grown in trays before transfer to the field in control soil. Reflectance spectra were acquired from leaves during flowering and machine learning algorithms applied allowed sex classification, which was best using a radial basis function (RBF) network. Eight industrial hemp (low THC) cultivars were field grown on fertilized and control soil. Reflectance spectra were acquired from leaves at early development when the plants of all cultivars had developed between four and six leaf pairs and in three cases only flower buds were visible (start of flowering). Machine learning algorithms were applied, allowing sex classification, differentiation of cultivars and fertilizer regime, again with best results for RBF networks. Differentiating nutrient status and varietal identity is feasible with high prediction accuracy. Sex classification was error-free at flowering but less accurate (between 60% and 87%) when using spectra from leaves at early growth stages. This was influenced by both cultivar and soil conditions, reflecting developmental differences between cultivars related to nutritional status. Hyperspectral measurement combined with machine learning algorithms is valuable for non-invasive assessment of <i>C. sativa</i> cultivar and sex. This approach can potentially improve regulatory security and productivity of cannabis farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 5","pages":"258-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10564378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41222852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Padmore B Ansah, Shalom D Addo-Danso, Ebenezer J D Belford, Joseph M Asomaning, Abena B Asare-Ansah, Naomi A Fosu, Rosalinda A Ankobiah
{"title":"Temperature and soil nutrients drive seed traits variation in <i>Pterocarpus erinaceus</i> (African rosewood) in Ghana.","authors":"Padmore B Ansah, Shalom D Addo-Danso, Ebenezer J D Belford, Joseph M Asomaning, Abena B Asare-Ansah, Naomi A Fosu, Rosalinda A Ankobiah","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10120","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among plant populations, variation in seed traits has important consequences on species recruitment and performance under different environmental conditions. Knowing such variations and understanding its environmental drivers could help with conservation efforts that protect against the loss of diversity. This information is however lacking in the extinction-threatened <i>Pterocarpus erinaceus</i> Poir (African rosewood) in Ghana. Here, we assessed variation in seed set, seed morphological and chemical traits, germinability, and seedling growth of African rosewood from four distant provenances (Tumu, Wa, Carpenter, and Ejura) in Ghana. We sought to answer how local environmental conditions influence the expression of seed traits by examining the relationship between seed traits and maternal environmental factors (temperature, rainfall, soil nutrient, and vegetation index) using regression models and correlation analysis. Seed size, mass, and nutrient composition differed considerably among provenances. Seed size and mass increased as the seed source moved further away from the forest-savanna transition toward the Guineo-Sudanian savanna regions. Temperature mainly accounted for the variability observed in seed traits. Phenology curves of the seed source vegetation expressed a strong correlation with monthly rainfall. Overall, the occurrence of samara containing whole seeds was low (<50%) except for Tumu provenance. Seeds were rich in carbohydrate and crude protein content consistent with most leguminous plants while mean percentage germination ranged between 30 and 62% among provenances. Our results highlight the adaptive strategies of African rosewood to different environments through the expression of their seed traits and suggest the need for priority action to maintain its conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 4","pages":"215-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10423977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10012704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthony E Melton, Kara Moran, Peggy Martinez, Paige Ellestad, Erin Milliken, Walker Morales, Andrew W Child, Bryce A Richardson, Marcelo Serpe, Stephen J Novak, Sven Buerki
{"title":"A genotype × environment experiment reveals contrasting response strategies to drought between populations of a keystone species (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>; Asteraceae).","authors":"Anthony E Melton, Kara Moran, Peggy Martinez, Paige Ellestad, Erin Milliken, Walker Morales, Andrew W Child, Bryce A Richardson, Marcelo Serpe, Stephen J Novak, Sven Buerki","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Western North America has been experiencing persistent drought exacerbated by climate change for over two decades. This extreme climate event is a clear threat to native plant communities. <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> is a keystone shrub species in western North America and is threatened by climate change, urbanization, and wildfire. A drought Genotype × Environment (G × E) experiment was conducted to assess phenotypic plasticity and differential gene expression in <i>A. tridentata</i>. The G × E experiment was performed on diploid <i>A. tridentata</i> seedlings from two populations (one from Idaho, USA and one from Utah, USA), which experience differing levels of drought stress during the summer months. Photosynthetic data, leaf temperature, and gene expression levels were compared between treatments and populations. The Utah population maintained higher photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic efficiency than the Idaho population under drought stress. The Utah population also exhibited far greater transcriptional plasticity than the Idaho population and expressed genes of response pathways distinct from those of the Idaho population. Populations of <i>A. tridentata</i> differ greatly in their drought response pathways, likely due to differences in response pathways that have evolved under distinct climatic regimes. Epigenetic processes likely contribute to the observed differences between the populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 4","pages":"201-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10423975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10012701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}