Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献

{"title":"Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration triggers redistribution of nitrogen to promote tillering in rice.","authors":"Juan Zhou, Yingbo Gao, Junpeng Wang, Chang Liu, Zi Wang, Minjia Lv, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Yong Zhou, Guichun Dong, Yulong Wang, Jianye Huang, Dafeng Hui, Zefeng Yang, Youli Yao","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (eCO₂) often reduces nitrogen (N) content in rice plants and stimulates tillering. However, there is a general consensus that reduced N would constrain rice tillering. To resolve this contradiction, we investigated N distribution and transcriptomic changes in different rice plant organs after subjecting them to eCO₂ and different N application rates. Our results showed that eCO₂ significantly promoted rice tillers (by 0.6, 1.1, 1.7, and 2.1 tillers/plant at 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha^-1 N application rates, respectively) and more tillers were produced under higher N application rates, confirming that N availability constrained tillering in the early stages of growth. Although N content declined in the leaves (-11.0 to -20.7 mg g^-1) and sheaths (-9.8 to -28.8 mg g^-1) of rice plants exposed to eCO₂, the N content of newly emerged tillers on plants exposed to eCO₂ equaled or exceeded the N content of tillers produced under ambient CO₂ conditions. Apparently, the redistribution of N within the plant <i>per se</i> was a critical adaptation strategy to the eCO₂ condition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that eCO₂ induced less extensive alteration of gene expression than did N application. Most importantly, the expression levels of multiple N-related transporters and receptors such as nitrate transporter NRT2.3a/b and NRT1.1a/b were differentially regulated in leaf and shoot apical meristem, suggesting that multiple genes were involved in sensing the N signal and transporting N metabolites to adapt to eCO₂. The redistribution of N in different organs could be a universal adaptation strategy of terrestrial plants to eCO₂.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal variations in the thickness of the inner bark of tree trunks in relation to xylem water potential and phloem turgor.","authors":"Daniel Epron, Mai Kamakura, Wakana Azuma, Masako Dannoura, Yoshiko Kosugi","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10045","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inner bark plays important roles in tree stems, including radial exchange of water with the xylem and translocation of carbohydrates. Both processes affect the water content and the thickness of the inner bark on a diurnal basis. For the first time, we simultaneously measured the diurnal variations in the inner bark thickness of hinoki cypress (<i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i>) by using point dendrometers and those of local xylem potential by using stem psychrometers located next to the dendrometers to determine how these variations were related to each other, to phloem turgor and carbohydrate transport. We also estimated the axial hydrostatic pressure gradient by measuring the osmolality of the sap extracted from the inner bark. The inner bark shrunk during the day and swelled during the night with an amplitude related to day-to-day and seasonal variations in climate. The relationship between changes in xylem water potential and inner bark thickness exhibited a hysteresis loop during the day with a median lag of 2 h. A phloem turgor-related signal can be retrieved from the diurnal variations in the inner bark thickness, which was higher at the upper than at the lower position along the trunk. However, a downward hydrostatic pressure gradient was only observed at dawn, suggesting diurnal variations in the phloem sap flow velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-incompatibility limits sexual reproduction rather than environmental conditions in an invasive water primrose.","authors":"Luis O Portillo Lemus,&nbsp;Michel Bozec,&nbsp;Marilyne Harang,&nbsp;Julie Coudreuse,&nbsp;Jacques Haury,&nbsp;Solenn Stoeckel,&nbsp;Dominique Barloy","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fruit-set and seed-set depend on environmental conditions and reproductive systems. They are important components of sexual reproductive success in plants. They also control the ecological success and adaptation of invasive plants within their non-native ecosystems. We studied which factors bring about fruit-set and seed-set in invasive populations of the aquatic plant <i>Ludwigia grandiflora</i> subsp. <i>hexapetala</i>. We analyzed fruit set and seed set in 37 populations growing under variable climatic conditions in Western Europe. Sub-samples of seven fruitful and fruitless populations were grown in common controlled conditions. We carried out self- and cross-pollinations, and measured the floral morphometry. Environmental conditions did not affect fruit-set and seed-set in-situ and in common controlled environments. Hand-pollinations showed that individuals from fruitful populations exhibited fruit and seed production whatever the pollen donor, whereas individuals from fruitless populations only did so when pollen came from fruitful populations. Floral morphometry evidenced the existence of two floral morphs that fully overlapped with fruitfulness, and individual incompatibility. Our results rebutted the hypothesis that environmental variations control fruit set and seed set in these invasive populations. We instead showed that fruit set and seed set were controlled by a heteromorphic reproductive system involving a self-incompatible and inter-morph compatible morph (long-styled morph), and a self- and inter-morph compatible reverse morph (short-styled morph). We collected morphs and fruit set records of this species worldwide and found the same relationship: fruitless populations were all composed only of individuals with long-styled floral morph. Our study constitutes the first evidence of a heteromorphic self-incompatible system in Ludwigia genus and Onagraceae family.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pei3.10042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf-associated fungal and viral communities of wild plant populations differ between cultivated and natural ecosystems.","authors":"Yuxin Ma, Tania Fort, Armelle Marais, Marie Lefebvre, Sébastien Theil, Corinne Vacher, Thierry Candresse","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10043","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants are colonized by diverse fungal and viral communities that influence their growth and survival as well as ecosystem functioning. Viruses interact with both plants and the fungi they host. Our understanding of plant-fungi-virus interactions is very limited, especially in wild plants. Combining metagenomic and culturomic approaches, we assessed the richness, diversity, and composition of leaf-associated fungal and viral communities from pools of herbaceous wild plants representative of four sites corresponding to cultivated or natural ecosystems. We identified 161 fungal families and 18 viral families comprising 249 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-based operational taxonomic units (RdRp OTUs) from leaves. Fungal culturomics captured 12.3% of the fungal diversity recovered with metagenomic approaches and, unexpectedly, retrieved viral OTUs that were almost entirely different from those recovered by leaf metagenomics. Ecosystem management had a significant influence on both leaf mycobiome and virome, with a higher fungal community richness in natural ecosystems and a higher viral family richness in cultivated ecosystems, suggesting that leaf-associated fungal and viral communities are under the influence of different ecological drivers. Both the leaf-associated fungal and viral community compositions showed a strong site-specificity. Further research is needed to confirm these trends and unravel the factors structuring plant-fungi-virus interactions in wild plant populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>da1</i> mutation in wheat increases grain size under ambient and elevated CO₂ but not grain yield due to trade-off between grain size and grain number.","authors":"Isabel Mora-Ramirez, Heiko Weichert, Nicolaus von Wirén, Claus Frohberg, Stefanie de Bodt, Ralf-Christian Schmidt, Hans Weber","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grain size is potentially yield determining in wheat, controlled by the ubiquitin pathway and negatively regulated by ubiquitin receptor DA1. We analyzed whether increased thousand grain weight in wheat <i>da1</i> mutant is translated into higher grain yield and whether additional carbon provided by elevated (e)CO₂ can be better used by the <i>da1</i>, displaying higher grain sink strength and size. Yield-related, biomass, grain quality traits, and grain dimensions were analyzed by two-factorial mixed-model analysis, regarding genotype and eCO₂. <i>da1</i> increased grain size but reduced spikes and grains per plant, grains per spike, and spikelets per spike, independent of eCO₂ treatment, leaving total grain yield unchanged. eCO₂ increased yield and grain number additively and independently of <i>da1</i> but did not overcome the trade-off between grain size and number observed for <i>da1</i>. eCO₂ but not <i>da1</i> impaired grain quality, strongly decreasing concentrations of several macroelement and microelement. In conclusion, intrinsic stimulation of grain sink strength and grain size, achieved by <i>da1</i>, is not benefitting total yield unless trade-offs between grain size and numbers can be overcome. The results reveal interactions of yield components in <i>da1</i>-wheat under ambient and eCO₂, thereby uncovering limitations enhancing wheat yield potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity of European larch radial growth and wood density along a-1,000 m elevational gradient.","authors":"Margarita Escobar-Sandoval, Luc Pâques, Patrick Fonti, Alejandro Martinez-Meier, Philippe Rozenberg","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenotypic plasticity is a key mechanism for sedentary long-living species to adjust to changing environment. Here, we use mature <i>Larix decidua</i> tree-ring variables collected along an elevational transect in the French Alps to characterize the range of individual plastic responses to temperature. Stem cores from 821 mature <i>Larix decidua</i> trees have been collected from four plots distributed along a 1,000-m elevational gradient in a natural forest to build up individual linear reaction norms of tree-ring microdensity traits to temperature. The sign, magnitude and spread of variations of the slopes of the individual reaction norms were used to characterize variation of phenotypic plasticity among plots and traits. Results showed a large range of phenotypic plasticity (with positive and negative slopes) at each elevational plot and for each tree-ring variable. Overall, phenotypic plasticity tends to be larger but positive at higher elevation, negative at the warmer lower sites, and more variable in the center of the elevation distribution. Individual inter-ring reaction norm is a valuable tool to retrospectively characterize phenotypic plasticity of mature forest trees. This approach applied to <i>Larix decidua</i> tree-ring micro-density traits along an elevation gradient showed the existence of large inter-individual variations that could support local adaptation to a fast-changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic compound abundance in Pak choi leaves is controlled by salinity and dependent on pH of the leaf apoplast.","authors":"Philipp Meyer,&nbsp;Nadja Förster,&nbsp;Susanne Huyskens-Keil,&nbsp;Christian Ulrichs,&nbsp;Christoph-Martin Geilfus","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onset of salinity induces the pH of the leaf apoplast of Pak choi transiently to increase over a period of 2 to 3 hr. This pH event causes protein abundances in leaves to increase. Among them are enzymes that are key for the phenylpropanoid pathway. To answer the questions whether this short-term salt stress also influences contents of the underlying phenylpropanoids and for clarifying as to whether the apoplastic pH transient plays a role for such a putative effect, Pak choi plants were treated with 37.5 mM CaCl₂ against a non-stressed control. A third experimental group, where the leaf apoplast of plants treated with 37.5 mM CaCl₂, was clamped in the acidic range by means of infiltration of 5 mM citric acid/sodium citrate (pH 3.6), enabled validation of pH-dependent effects. Microscopy-based live cell imaging was used to quantify leaf apoplastic pH in planta. Phenolics were quantified shortly after the formation of the leaf apoplastic pH transient by means of HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Results showed that different phenolic compounds were modulated at 150 and 200 min after the onset of chloride salinity. A pH-independent reduction in phenolic acid abundance as well as an accumulation of phenolic acid:malate conjugates was quantified after 200 min of salt stress. However, at 150 min after the onset of salt stress, flavonoids were significantly reduced by salinity in a pH-dependent manner. These results provided a strong indication that the pH of the apoplast is a relevant component for the short-term metabolic response to chloride salinity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pei3.10039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-lived peaks of stem methane emissions from mature black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) - Irrelevant for ecosystem methane budgets?","authors":"Daniel Köhn,&nbsp;Anke Günther,&nbsp;Ines Schwabe,&nbsp;Gerald Jurasinski","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tree stems can be a source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH₄). However, assessments of the global importance of stem CH₄ emissions are complicated by a lack of research and high variability between individual ecosystems. Here, we determined the contribution of emissions from stems of mature black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) to overall CH₄ exchange in two temperate peatlands. We measured emissions from stems and soils using closed chambers in a drained and an undrained alder forest over 2 years. Furthermore, we studied the importance of alder leaves as substrate for methanogenesis in an incubation experiment. Stem CH₄ emissions were short-lived and occurred only during times of inundation at the undrained site. The drained site did not show stem emissions and the soil acted as a small CH₄ sink. The contribution of stem emissions to the overall CH₄ budget was below 0.3% in both sites. Our results show that mature black alder can be an intermittent source of CH₄ to the atmosphere. However, the low share of stem CH₄ emissions in both investigated stands indicates that this pathway may be of minor relative importance in temperate peatlands, yet strongly depend on the hydrologic regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pei3.10037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10290709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/pei3.10020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45632156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserved and variable spatial-chemical changes of lipids across tomato leaves in response to central vein wounding reveals potential origin of linolenic acid in signal transduction cascade.","authors":"Dušan Veličković, Rosalie K Chu, Corinna Henkel, Annika Nyhuis, Nannan Tao, Jennifer E Kyle, Joshua N Adkins, Christopher R Anderton, Vanessa Paurus, Kent Bloodsworth, Lisa M Bramer, Dale S Cornett, Wayne R Curtis, Kristin E Burnum-Johnson","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Membrane lipids serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signaling lipids when plants are exposed to environmental stresses, and jasmonic acid, an oxidized product of 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linolenic acid), has been recognized as the essential signal in wound-induced gene expression. Yet, the contribution of individual membrane lipids in linolenic acid generation is ill-defined. In this work, we performed spatial lipidomic experiments to track lipid changes that occur locally at the sight of leaf injury to better understand the potential origin of linolenic and linoleic acids from individual membrane lipids. The central veins of tomato leaflets were crushed using surgical forceps, leaves were cryosectioned and analyzed by two orthogonal matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging platforms for insight into lipid spatial distribution. Significant changes in lipid composition are only observed 30 min after wounding, while after 60 min lipidome homeostasis has been re-established. Phosphatidylcholines exhibit a variable pattern of spatial behavior in individual plants. Among lysolipids, lysophosphatidylcholines strongly co-localize with the injured zone of wounded leaflets, while, for example, lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) (16:1) accumulated preferentially toward the apex in the injured zone of wounded leaflets. In contrast, two other LPGs (LPG [18:3] and LPG [18:2]) are depleted in the injured zone. Our high-resolution co-localization imaging analyses suggest that linolenic acids are predominantly released from PCs with 16_18 fatty acid composition along the entire leaf, while it seems that in the apex zone PG (16:1_18:3) significantly contributes to the linolenic acid pool. These results also indicate distinct localization and/or substrate preferences of phospholipase isoforms in leaf tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}