Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献

{"title":"Floral ultraviolet absorbance area responds plastically to ultraviolet irradiance in <i>Brassica rapa</i>.","authors":"Liberty A Gray, Sandra Varga, Carl D Soulsbury","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to have significant effects on the development and performance of plants, including flowers. In multiple species, UV-absorbing floral patterns are associated with environmental conditions such as the solar UV exposure they typically receive. However, it is not known whether plants can increase the UV-absorbing areas found on petals plastically when in a high-UV environment. We grew <i>Brassica rapa</i> at three different UV radiation intensities (control, low, and high) and under two exposure duration regimes. We removed petals from flowers periodically during the flowering period and measured the proportion of the petal that absorbed UV. UV-absorbing areas increased when plants were exposed to longer periods of UV radiation, and at high UV radiation intensities. UV-absorbing area of petals of the UV intensity treatments decreased over time in long exposure plants. This study demonstrates that flowers can potentially acclimate to different UV radiation intensities and duration of exposure through an increase in UV-absorbing areas even after a relatively short exposure time to UV. Such a rapid plastic response may be especially beneficial for dynamically changing UV conditions and in response to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 5","pages":"203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9947189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of invasive <i>Lantana camara</i> on maize and cassava growth in East Usambara, Tanzania.","authors":"Amina A Hamad, Japhet J Kashaigili, Sandra Eckert, René Eschen, Urs Schaffner, John Richard Mbwambo","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impacts of invasive alien plant species on native plants are generally well documented, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying their impacts on crop growth. A better understanding of immediate as well as legacy effects and of direct and indirect impacts of invasive alien plant species is essential for an improved management of invaded cropland. We investigated how <i>Lantana camara</i> impacts the growth of two subsistence crops (maize and cassava) through competition for resources, allelopathy and the indirect plant-plant interactions. We carried out two pot experiments using soils from invaded abandoned, invaded cultivated and non-invaded cultivated crop fields. In the first experiment maize and cassava were grown alone or together with <i>L. camara</i> and half of the pots were treated with activated carbon to suppress allelochemicals. The effect of the soil microbial community on <i>L. camara</i>-crop interactions was assessed in a second experiment using autoclaved soil with 5% of soil from the three soil types. We found that <i>L. camara</i> reduced the growth of maize by 29%, but cassava was not affected. We did not find evidence of allelopathic effects of <i>L. camara</i>. Inoculation of autoclaved soil with microorganisms from all soil types increased biomass of cassava and reduced the growth of maize. Because <i>L. camara</i> only caused impacts when growing simultaneously with maize, the results suggest that removal of <i>L. camara</i> will immediately mitigate its negative impacts on maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 5","pages":"193-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9592210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent herbivory and metal accumulation: The outcome for plants and herbivores.","authors":"Diogo P Godinho, Helena C Serrano, Sara Magalhães, Cristina Branquinho","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10088","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of metals on plants and herbivores, as well as the interaction among the latter, are well documented. However, the effects of simultaneous herbivory and metal accumulation remain poorly studied. Here, we shed light on this topic by infesting cadmium-accumulating tomato plants (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>), either exposed to cadmium or not, with herbivorous spider mites, <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> or <i>T. evansi</i> during 14 days. Whereas on plants without cadmium <i>T. evansi</i> had higher growth rate than <i>T. urticae</i>, on plants with cadmium both mite species had similar growth rates, which were lower than on plants without metal. Plants were affected by both cadmium toxicity and by herbivory, as shown by leaf reflectance, but not on the same wavelengths. Moreover, changes in leaf reflectance on the wavelength affected by herbivores were similar on plants with and without cadmium, and vice versa. Long-term effects of cadmium and herbivory did not affect H₂O₂ concentrations in the plant. Finally, plants infested with spider mites did not accumulate more cadmium, suggesting that metal accumulation is not induced by herbivory. We thus conclude that cadmium accumulation affects two congeneric herbivore species differently and that the effects of herbivory and cadmium toxicity on plants may be disentangled, via leaf reflectance, even during simultaneous exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 4","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic effects of <i>Red Lettuce Leaf</i> genes on red coloration in leaf lettuce under artificial lighting conditions.","authors":"Kaede C Wada, Noritoshi Inagaki, Hiroaki Sakai, Hiroto Yamashita, Yusuke Nakai, Zui Fujimoto, Jun-Ichi Yonemaru, Hironori Itoh","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some cultivars of lettuce accumulate anthocyanins, which act as functional food ingredients. Leaf lettuce has been known to be erratic in exhibiting red color when grown under artificial light, and there is a need for cultivars that more stably exhibit red color in artificial light cultivation. In this study, we aimed to dissect the genetic architecture for red coloring in various leaf lettuce cultivars grown under artificial light. We investigated the genotype of <i>Red Lettuce Leaf</i> (<i>RLL</i>) genes in 133 leaf lettuce strains, some of which were obtained from publicly available resequencing data. By studying the allelic combination of <i>RLL</i> genes, we further analyzed the contribution of these genes to producing red coloring in leaf lettuce. From the quantification of phenolic compounds and corresponding transcriptome data, we revealed that gene expression level-dependent regulation of <i>RLL1</i> (bHLH) and <i>RLL2</i> (MYB) is the underlying mechanism conferring high anthocyanin accumulation in red leaf lettuce under artificial light cultivation. Our data suggest that different combinations of <i>RLL</i> genotypes cause quantitative differences in anthocyanin accumulation among cultivars, and some genotype combinations are more effective at producing red coloration even under artificial lighting.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 4","pages":"179-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term spatiotemporal dynamics in a mountain birch (<i>Betula pubescens</i> ssp. <i>czerepanovii</i>) forest in south-east Norway.","authors":"Per Holm Nygaard,&nbsp;Fredrik Bøhler,&nbsp;Bernt-Håvard Øyen,&nbsp;Bjørn Tveite","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mountain birch forest covers large areas in Eurasia, and their ecological resilience provides important ecosystem services to human societies. This study describes long-term stand dynamics based on permanent plots in the upper mountain birch belt in SE Norway. We also present forest line changes over a period of 70 years. Inventories were conducted in 1931, 1953, and 2007. Overall, there were small changes from 1931 up to 1953 followed by a marked increase in biomass and dominant height of mountain birch throughout the period from 1953 to 2007. In addition, the biomass of spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) and the number of plots with spruce present doubled. The high mortality rate of larger birch stems and large recruitment by sprouting since the 1960s reveal recurrent rejuvenation events after the earlier outbreak of the autumnal moth (<i>Epirrita autumnata</i>). Our results demonstrate both a high stem turnover in mountain birch and a great ability to recover after disturbances. This trend is interpreted as regrowth after a moth attack, but also long-term and time-lagged responses due to slightly improved growth conditions. An advance of the mountain birch forest line by 0.71 m year^-1 from 1937 to 2007 was documented, resulting in a total reduction of the alpine area by 12%. Most of the changes in the forest line seem to have taken place after 1960. Regarding silviculture methods in mountain birch, a dimension cutting of larger birch trees with a cutting interval of c. 60 years seems to be a sustainable alternative for mimicking natural processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 4","pages":"155-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9594780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomatal clustering in <i>Begonia</i> improves water use efficiency by modulating stomatal movement and leaf structure.","authors":"Meng-Ying Tsai, Chi Kuan, Zheng-Lin Guo, Hsun-An Yang, Kuo-Fang Chung, Chin-Min Kimmy Ho","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stomata are a pivotal adaptation of land plants and control gas exchange. While most plants present solitary stomata, some plant species experiencing chronic water deficiency display clustered stomata on their epidermis; for instance, limestone-grown begonias. Moreover, the membrane receptor TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) plays a major role in spacing stomata on the epidermis in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, but the function of its <i>Begonia</i> orthologs is unknown. We used two Asian begonias, <i>Begonia formosana</i> (single stomata) and <i>B. hernandioides</i> (clustered stomata), to explore the physiological function of stomatal clustering. We also introduced the <i>Begonia TMM</i>s into <i>Arabidopsis tmm</i> mutants to study the function of <i>Begonia</i> TMMs. <i>B. hernandioides</i> showed higher water use efficiency under high light intensity, smaller stomata, and faster pore opening than <i>B. formosana</i>. The short distance between stomata in a cluster may facilitate cell-to-cell interactions to achieve synchronicity in stomatal movement. <i>Begonia</i> TMMs function similarly to <i>Arabidopsis</i> TMM to inhibit stomatal formation, although complementation by TMM from the clustered species was only partial. Stomatal clustering in begonias may represent a developmental strategy to build small and closer stomata to achieve fast responses to light which provides tight support between stomatal development and environmental adaption.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 4","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"East-facing <i>Helianthus annuus</i> has maximal number and mass of kernel-filled seeds: Seed traits versus head orientation.","authors":"Péter Takács, Judit Slíz-Balogh, Dénes Száz, Gábor Horváth","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After anthesis, the majority of mature sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>) inflorescences face constantly East, which direction ensures maximal light energy absorbed by the inflorescences in regions where afternoons are on average cloudier than mornings. Several theories have tried to explain the function(s) of this eastward orientation. Their common assumption is that eastward facing has certain advantages for sunflowers. In sunflower plantations, the capitulum of many plants can also face North, South, or upward. Large deviations from the conducive East direction can decrease the plant's reproductive fitness. A larger mass and number of seeds, for example, can guarantee safer seed germination and better early development of more offspring. Thus, our hypothesis was that the East facing of sunflower inflorescences ensures a larger seed number and mass compared to disoriented inflorescences. This idea was tested in a sunflower plantation, where we compared the number and mass of seeds in plants, the inflorescences of which were naturally or artificially oriented northward, eastward, southward, westward, or upward. Our study tested head diameter, seed weight, and seed number in a normal agronomic field setting being different from earlier investigations. The other difference was that we tested five head orientations and only East showed significantly increased seed weight and number. Using radiational computations, we showed that East facing ensures more absorbed light energy than other orientations, except upward. This finding can be one of the reasons for the maximal seed number and mass in East-facing sunflower capitula. Although upward-facing horizontal inflorescences absorbed maximal light energy, they had the fewest and lightest seeds probably because of the larger temperature and humidity as well as the too much sunlight, all three factors impairing the normal seed development. This study is the first that compares the seed traits of all head orientations of <i>Helianthus annuus</i> and proposes that the absorbed radiation could play a major role in the maximal seed number and mass of east-facing heads.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"130-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic morphological plasticity in response to emergence timing in <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i> (Malvaceae).","authors":"Shu Wang, Dao-Wei Zhou","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selections on emergence time might be conflicting, suggesting the existence of the optimal emergence time for plants. However, we know little about this and how morphological plasticity contributes to the strategies of plants in response to emergence timing. To better understand this issue from a dynamic perspective, we conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants of <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i> to four emergence treatments (ET1 ~ ET4) and measuring a number of mass and morphological traits on them at different growth stages (I ~ IV). On day 50, 70, and/or final harvest, among all ET treatments, plants germinated in late spring (ET2) performed the best in total mass, spring germinants (ET1) and ET2 performed better in stem allocation, stem, and root diameters than later germinants (ET3 and ET4); summer germinants (ET3) had the highest reproductive mass and allocation, while late-summer germinants (ET4) had the greatest leaf mass allocation, with greater or canalized leaf number, and root length traits than others. Plants that emerged in late spring can maximize their growth potential, while those with either advanced or delayed emergence are still capable of adaptation via allocation and morphological plasticity. Early germinants (ET1 and ET2) preferred stem growth to leaf and reproductive growth, due to sufficient time for reproduction in the growth season. With limited time for growth, plants that emerged late may prefer to quicken leaf growth (indicated by increased leaf mass allocation and leaf number) at the cost of stem or root growth for the complete life cycle, reflecting both positive and negative effects of delayed emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"118-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue Second Call: Plant-environment interactions in Africa-Solutions to the challenges of environmental change.","authors":"Wayne Dawson,&nbsp;Stacy Singer,&nbsp;Abdelbagi Ismail","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making plant methane formation visible-Insights from application of ¹³C-labeled dimethyl sulfoxide.","authors":"Moritz Schroll, Katharina Lenhart, Steffen Greiner, Frank Keppler","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methane (CH₄) formation by vegetation has been studied intensively over the last 15 years. However, reported CH₄ emissions vary by several orders of magnitude, thus making global estimates difficult. Moreover, the mechanism(s) for CH₄ formation by plants is (are) largely unknown.Here, we introduce a new approach for making CH₄ formation by plants clearly visible. By application of ¹³C-labeled dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) onto the leaves of tobacco plants (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>) and Chinese silver grass (<i>Miscanthus sinensis</i>) the effect of light and dark conditions on CH₄ formation of this pathway was examined by monitoring stable carbon isotope ratios of headspace CH₄ (δ¹³C-CH₄ values).Both plant species showed increasing headspace δ¹³C-CH₄ values while exposed to light. Higher light intensities increased CH₄ formation rates in <i>N. tabacum</i> but decreased rates for <i>M. sinensis</i>. In the dark no formation of CH₄ could be detected for <i>N. tabacum</i>, while <i>M. sinensis</i> still produced ~50% of CH₄ compared to that during light exposure.Our findings suggest that CH₄ formation is clearly dependent on light conditions and plant species and thus indicate that DMSO is a potential precursor of vegetative CH₄. The novel isotope approach has great potential to investigate, at high temporal resolution, physiological, and environmental factors that control pathway-specific CH₄ emissions from plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 3","pages":"104-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}