Siluo Chen, Kirsten H W J Ten Tusscher, Rashmi Sasidharan, Stefan C Dekker, Hugo J de Boer
{"title":"Parallels between drought and flooding: An integrated framework for plant eco-physiological responses to water stress.","authors":"Siluo Chen, Kirsten H W J Ten Tusscher, Rashmi Sasidharan, Stefan C Dekker, Hugo J de Boer","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought and flooding occur at opposite ends of the soil moisture spectrum yet their resulting stress responses in plants share many similarities. Drought limits root water uptake to which plants respond with stomatal closure and reduced leaf gas exchange. Flooding limits root metabolism due to soil oxygen deficiency, which also limits root water uptake and leaf gas exchange. As drought and flooding can occur consecutively in the same system and resulting plant stress responses share similar mechanisms, a single theoretical framework that integrates plant responses over a continuum of soil water conditions from drought to flooding is attractive. Based on a review of recent literature, we integrated the main plant eco-physiological mechanisms in a single theoretical framework with a focus on plant water transport, plant oxygen dynamics, and leaf gas exchange. We used theory from the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum modeling as \"backbone\" for our framework, and subsequently incorporated interactions between processes that regulate plant water and oxygen status, abscisic acid and ethylene levels, and the resulting acclimation strategies in response to drought, waterlogging, and complete submergence. Our theoretical framework provides a basis for the development of mathematical models to describe plant responses to the soil moisture continuum from drought to flooding.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 4","pages":"175-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10423978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10012703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Schädel, Bijan Seyednasrollah, Paul J Hanson, Koen Hufkens, Kyle J Pearson, Jeffrey M Warren, Andrew D Richardson
{"title":"Using long-term data from a whole ecosystem warming experiment to identify best spring and autumn phenology models.","authors":"Christina Schädel, Bijan Seyednasrollah, Paul J Hanson, Koen Hufkens, Kyle J Pearson, Jeffrey M Warren, Andrew D Richardson","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predicting vegetation phenology in response to changing environmental factors is key in understanding feedbacks between the biosphere and the climate system. Experimental approaches extending the temperature range beyond historic climate variability provide a unique opportunity to identify model structures that are best suited to predicting phenological changes under future climate scenarios. Here, we model spring and autumn phenological transition dates obtained from digital repeat photography in a boreal <i>Picea</i>-<i>Sphagnum</i> bog in response to a gradient of whole ecosystem warming manipulations of up to +9°C, using five years of observational data. In spring, seven equally best-performing models <i>for Larix</i> utilized the accumulation of growing degree days as a common driver for temperature forcing. For <i>Picea</i>, the best two models were sequential models requiring winter chilling before spring forcing temperature is accumulated. In shrub, parallel models with chilling and forcing requirements occurring simultaneously were identified as the best models. Autumn models were substantially improved when a CO<sub>2</sub> parameter was included. Overall, the combination of experimental manipulations and multiple years of observations combined with variation in weather provided the framework to rule out a large number of candidate models and to identify best spring and autumn models for each plant functional type.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 4","pages":"188-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10423976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10012705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved gross primary production estimation in rice fields through integrated multi-scale methodologies.","authors":"Bora Lee, Hyojung Kwon, Peng Zhao, John Tenhunen","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding productivity in agricultural ecosystems is important, as it plays a significant role in modifying regional carbon balances and capturing carbon in the form of agricultural yield. This study in particular combines information from flux determinations using the eddy covariance (EC) methodology, process-based modeling of carbon gain, remotely (satellite) sensed vegetation indices (VIs), and field surveys to assess the gross primary production (GPP) of rice, which is a primary food crop worldwide. This study relates two major variables determining GPP. The first is leaf area index (LAI) and carboxylation capacity of the rice canopy (Vc<sub>uptake</sub>), and the second being MODIS remotely sensed vegetation indices (VIs). Success in applying such derived relationships has allowed GPP to be remotely determined over the seasonal course of rice development. The relationship to VIs of both LAI and Vc<sub>uptake</sub> was analyzed first by using the regression approaches commonly applied in remote sensing studies. However, the resultant GPP estimations derived from these generic models were not consistently accurate and led to a large proportion of underestimations. The new, alternative approach developed to estimate LAI and Vc<sub>uptake</sub> uses consistent development curves for rice (i.e., relies on consistent biological regulations of plant development). The modeled GPP based on this consistent development curve for both LAI and Vc<sub>uptake</sub> agreed with <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> from 0.76 to 0.92 (within the 95% confidence interval). The results of this study demonstrate that improved linkages between ground-based survey data, eddy flux measurements, process-based models, and remote sensing data can be constructed to estimate GPP in rice paddies. This study suggests further that the conceptual application of the consistent development curve, such as the combining of different scale measurements, has the potential to predict GPP better than the common practice of utilizing simple linear models, when seeking to estimate the critical parameters that influence carbon gain and agricultural yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 3","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10074250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adama Bamba, Kouakou Kouadio, N'Datchoh E Toure, Lawrence Jackson, John Marsham, Alex Roberts, Masaru Yoshioka, Sandrine Anquetin, Arona Diedhiou
{"title":"Simulating the impact of varying vegetation on West African monsoon surface fluxes using a regional convection-permitting model.","authors":"Adama Bamba, Kouakou Kouadio, N'Datchoh E Toure, Lawrence Jackson, John Marsham, Alex Roberts, Masaru Yoshioka, Sandrine Anquetin, Arona Diedhiou","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the sensitivity of the West African climate to varying vegetation fractions. The assessment of a such relationship is critical in understanding the interactions between land surface and atmosphere. Two sets of convection-permitting simulations from the UK Met Office Unified Model at 12 km horizontal resolution covering the monsoon period May-September (MJJAS) were used, one with fixed vegetation fraction (MF-V) and the other with time-varying vegetation fraction (MV-V). Vegetation fractions are based on MODIS retrievals between May and September. We focused on three climatic zones over West Africa: Guinea Coast, Sudanian Sahel, and the Sahel while investigating heat fluxes, temperature, and evapotranspiration. Results reveal that latent heat fluxes are the most strongly affected by vegetation fraction over the Sahelian and Sudanian regions while sensible heat fluxes are more impacted over the Guinea Coast and Sudanian Sahel. Also, in MV-V simulation there is an increase in evapotranspiration mainly over the Sahel and some specific areas in Guinea Coast from June to September. Moreover, it is noticed that high near-surface temperature is associated with a weak vegetation fraction, especially during May and June. Finally, varying vegetation seems to improve the simulation of surface energy fluxes and in turn impact on climate parameters. This suggests that climate modelers should prioritize the use of varying vegetation options to improve the representation of the West African climate system.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 3","pages":"134-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9770426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João C Filipe, Collin C Ahrens, Margaret Byrne, Giles Hardy, Paul D Rymer
{"title":"Germination temperature sensitivity differs between co-occurring tree species and climate origins resulting in contrasting vulnerability to global warming.","authors":"João C Filipe, Collin C Ahrens, Margaret Byrne, Giles Hardy, Paul D Rymer","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is shifting temperatures from historical patterns, globally impacting forest composition and resilience. Seed germination is temperature-sensitive, making the persistence of populations and colonization of available habitats vulnerable to warming. This study assessed germination response to temperature in foundation trees in south-western Australia's Mediterranean-type climate forests (<i>Eucalyptus marginata</i> (jarrah) and <i>Corymbia calophylla</i> (marri)) to estimate the thermal niche and vulnerability among populations. Seeds from the species' entire distribution were collected from 12 co-occurring populations. Germination thermal niche was investigated using a thermal gradient plate (5-40°C). Five constant temperatures between 9 and 33°C were used to test how the germination niche (1) differs between species, (2) varies among populations, and (3) relates to the climate of origin. Germination response differed among species; jarrah had a lower optimal temperature and thermal limit than marri (<i>T</i> <sub>o</sub> 15.3°C, 21.2°C; ED<sub>50</sub> 23.4°C, 31°C, respectively). The thermal limit for germination differed among populations within both species, yet only marri showed evidence for adaptation to thermal origins. While marri has the capacity for germination at higher thermal temperatures, jarrah is more vulnerable to global warming exceeding safety margins. This discrepancy is predicted to alter species distributions and forest composition in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 3","pages":"146-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9770431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatially explicit ecological modeling improves empirical characterization of plant pathogen dispersal.","authors":"Petteri Karisto, Frédéric Suffert, Alexey Mikaberidze","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dispersal is a key ecological process, but it remains difficult to measure. By recording numbers of dispersed individuals at different distances from the source, one acquires a dispersal gradient. Dispersal gradients contain information on dispersal, but they are influenced by the spatial extent of the source. How can we separate the two contributions to extract knowledge about dispersal? One could use a small, point-like source for which a dispersal gradient represents a dispersal kernel, which quantifies the probability of an individual dispersal event from a source to a destination. However, the validity of this approximation cannot be established before conducting measurements. This represents a key challenge hindering progress in characterization of dispersal. To overcome it, we formulated a theory that incorporates the spatial extent of sources to estimate dispersal kernels from dispersal gradients. Using this theory, we re-analyzed published dispersal gradients for three major plant pathogens. We demonstrated that the three pathogens disperse over substantially shorter distances compared to conventional estimates. This method will allow the researchers to re-analyze a vast number of existing dispersal gradients to improve our knowledge about dispersal. The improved knowledge has potential to advance our understanding of species' range expansions and shifts, and inform management of weeds and diseases in crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 2","pages":"86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pipob Suwanchaikasem, Shuai Nie, Alexander Idnurm, Jamie Selby-Pham, Robert Walker, Berin A Boughton
{"title":"Effects of chitin and chitosan on root growth, biochemical defense response and exudate proteome of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>.","authors":"Pipob Suwanchaikasem, Shuai Nie, Alexander Idnurm, Jamie Selby-Pham, Robert Walker, Berin A Boughton","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal pathogens pose a major threat to <i>Cannabis sativa</i> production, requiring safe and effective management procedures to control disease. Chitin and chitosan are natural molecules that elicit plant defense responses. Investigation of their effects on <i>C. sativa</i> will advance understanding of plant responses towards elicitors and provide a potential pathway to enhance plant resistance against diseases. Plants were grown in the in vitro Root-TRAPR system and treated with colloidal chitin and chitosan. Plant morphology was monitored, then plant tissues and exudates were collected for enzymatic activity assays, phytohormone quantification, qPCR analysis and proteomics profiling. Chitosan treatments showed increased total chitinase activity and expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes by 3-5 times in the root tissues. In the exudates, total peroxidase and chitinase activities and levels of defense proteins such as PR protein 1 and endochitinase 2 were increased. Shoot development was unaffected, but root development was inhibited after chitosan exposure. In contrast, chitin treatments had no significant impact on any defense parameters, including enzymatic activities, hormone quantities, gene expression levels and root secreted proteins. These results indicate that colloidal chitosan, significantly enhancing defense responses in <i>C. sativa</i> root system, could be used as a potential elicitor, particularly in hydroponic scenarios to manage crop diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 3","pages":"115-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9716227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Holden Jones, Paul B Reed, Bitty A Roy, William F Morris, Megan L DeMarche
{"title":"Seed type and origin-dependent seedling emergence patterns in <i>Danthonia californica</i>, a species commonly used in grassland restoration.","authors":"S Holden Jones, Paul B Reed, Bitty A Roy, William F Morris, Megan L DeMarche","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Danthonia californica</i> Bolander (Poaceae)is a native perennial bunchgrass commonly used in the restoration of prairie ecosystems in the western United States. Plants of this species simultaneously produce both chasmogamous (potentially outcrossed) and cleistogamous (obligately self-fertilized) seeds. Restoration practitioners almost exclusively use chasmogamous seeds for outplanting, which are predicted to perform better in novel environments due to their greater genetic diversity. Meanwhile, cleistogamous seeds may exhibit greater local adaptation to the conditions in which the maternal plant exists. We performed a common garden experiment at two sites in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, to assess the influence of seed type and source population (eight populations from a latitudinal gradient) on seedling emergence and found no evidence of local adaptation for either seed type. Cleistogamous seeds outperformed chasmogamous seeds, regardless of whether seeds were sourced directly from the common gardens (local seeds) or other populations (nonlocal seeds). Furthermore, average seed weight had a strong positive effect on seedling emergence, despite the fact that chasmogamous seeds had significantly greater mass than cleistogamous seeds. At one common garden, we observed that seeds of both types sourced from north of our planting site performed significantly better than local or southern-sourced seeds. We also found a significant seed type and distance-dependent interaction, with cleistogamous seedling emergence peaking approximately 125 km from the garden. These results suggest that cleistogamous seeds should be considered for greater use in <i>D. californica</i> restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 2","pages":"97-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9597326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael J Aspinwall, Chris J Blackman, Chelsea Maier, Mark G Tjoelker, Paul D Rymer, Danielle Creek, Jeff Chieppa, Robert J Griffin-Nolan, David T Tissue
{"title":"Aridity drives clinal patterns in leaf traits and responsiveness to precipitation in a broadly distributed Australian tree species.","authors":"Michael J Aspinwall, Chris J Blackman, Chelsea Maier, Mark G Tjoelker, Paul D Rymer, Danielle Creek, Jeff Chieppa, Robert J Griffin-Nolan, David T Tissue","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aridity shapes species distributions and plant growth and function worldwide. Yet, plant traits often show complex relationships with aridity, challenging our understanding of aridity as a driver of evolutionary adaptation. We grew nine genotypes of <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> subsp. <i>camaldulensis</i> sourced from an aridity gradient together in the field for ~650 days under low and high precipitation treatments. <i>Eucalyptus camaldulesis</i> is considered a phreatophyte (deep-rooted species that utilizes groundwater), so we hypothesized that genotypes from more arid environments would show lower aboveground productivity, higher leaf gas-exchange rates, and greater tolerance/avoidance of dry surface soils (indicated by lower responsiveness) than genotypes from less arid environments. Aridity predicted genotype responses to precipitation, with more arid genotypes showing lower responsiveness to reduced precipitation and dry surface conditions than less arid genotypes. Under low precipitation, genotype net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased with home-climate aridity. Across treatments, genotype intrinsic water-use efficiency and osmotic potential declined with increasing aridity while photosynthetic capacity (Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration) increased with aridity. The observed clinal patterns indicate that <i>E. camaldulensis</i> genotypes from extremely arid environments possess a unique strategy defined by lower responsiveness to dry surface soils, low water-use efficiency, and high photosynthetic capacity. This strategy could be underpinned by deep rooting and could be adaptive under arid conditions where heat avoidance is critical and water demand is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 2","pages":"70-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FLS2-RBOHD module regulates changes in the metabolome of <i>Arabidopsis</i> in response to abiotic stress.","authors":"Xiaole Yu, Zhixin Liu, Aizhi Qin, Yaping Zhou, Zihao Zhao, Jincheng Yang, Mengke Hu, Hao Liu, Yumeng Liu, Susu Sun, Yixin Zhang, Masood Jan, George Bawa, Xuwu Sun","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through crosstalk, FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2) and RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) are involved in regulating the homeostasis of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are linked to the metabolic response of plants toward both biotic and abiotic stress. In the present study, we examined the metabolome of <i>Arabidopsis</i> seedlings under drought and salt conditions to better understand the potential role of FLS2 and RBOHD-dependent signaling in the regulation of abiotic stress response. We identified common metabolites and genes that are regulated by FLS2 and RBOHD, and are involved in the response to drought and salt stress. Under drought conditions, D-aspartic acid and the expression of associated genes, such as <i>ASPARAGINE SYNTHASE 2</i> (<i>ASN2</i>), increased in both <i>fls2</i> and <i>robed/f</i> double mutants. The accumulation of amino acids, carbohydrates, and hormones, such as L-proline, D-ribose, and indoleacetaldehyde increased in both <i>fls2</i> and <i>rbohd/f</i> double mutants under salt conditions, as did the expression of related genes, such as <i>PROLINE IMINOPEPTIDASE</i>, <i>PHOSPHORIBOSYL PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 5</i>, and <i>NITRILASE 3</i>. Collectively, these results indicate that the FLS2-RBOHD module regulates plant response to drought and salt stress through ROS signaling by adjusting the accumulation of metabolites and expression of genes related to metabolite synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"36-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9592712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}