PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Asenapine for delirium in patients with cancer: A scoping review.","authors":"Tetsuro Ishida, Makoto Kobayakawa, Jun Kako, Yoshinobu Matsuda, Ryoichi Sadahiro, Hitoshi Tanimukai","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70307","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scoping review mapped the existing literature on the application of asenapine for delirium management in patients with cancer, including prevention and treatment, while summarizing current research trends. The review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. PubMed and Ichushi-Web were searched on June 30, 2025, using the keywords \"asenapine,\" \"delirium,\" and \"cancer.\" Eligible studies included reports on asenapine management for delirium in patients with cancer. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data. Among the six records identified, three studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Two of these were retrospective observational studies, and one was a case report. One retrospective study described six terminally ill patients treated with sublingual asenapine, showing marked improvement in agitation, as measured using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale. The other study analyzed 20 patients with advanced cancer and reported reductions in the Agitation Distress Scale scores, particularly among those with poor performance status. Moreover, this case report highlighted the successful use of sublingual asenapine in a patient with aphagia unresponsive to other antipsychotic agents. Across the studies, asenapine was generally well-tolerated, with one suspected dysarthria and no serious adverse events. The current evidence is limited in quantity and quality, and no preventive studies were identified. While preliminary findings suggest that sublingual asenapine may be useful and well-tolerated for treating delirium in patients with cancer, further high-quality studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of marked improvement in pareidolia in untreated schizophrenia following antipsychotic treatment.","authors":"Tomonobu Kato, Eiichi Seki, Tadanori Kumasaka, Takashi Tsujii, Daiki Mochizuki, Hisashi Kida, Shigeru Nikkuni, Masafumi Mizuno, Kei Sakuma","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pareidolia, the tendency to perceive meaningful images within ambiguous visual patterns, is commonly observed in neurodegenerative disorders and schizophrenia. Owing to the limited number of studies, the characteristics of pareidolia accompanying schizophrenia remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the case of an 85-year-old woman with untreated schizophrenia for nearly 60 years, in whom pareidolia was observed. On evaluation using the Noise Pareidolia Test, the patient initially scored 16/40 correct responses, 24/40 pareidolic responses, and 0/8 misses. After antipsychotic treatment with 15 mg of olanzapine or 24 mg of aripiprazole, pareidolia completely disappeared. However, during the treatment course, pareidolia recurred when the antipsychotic dose was reduced owing to a medication switch.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even in schizophrenia with an insufficient response to pharmacotherapy, pareidolia may still demonstrate treatment responsiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between depression, anxiety, and disability in patients with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study from western Iran.","authors":"Nazanin Razazian, Mohamad Safaei, Fayeq Bazyar, Dariush Afshari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, Milad MohamadYari, Mansour Rezaei, Negin Fakhri, Kianoosh Khamooshian","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70305","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system often accompanied by psychological comorbidities such as depression and anxiety, which may aggravate physical disability. This study aimed to assess the relationship between depression, anxiety, and disability among patients with MS in western Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 180 MS patients attending the Boustan MS Clinic in Kermanshah, Iran. Participants completed the Persian versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Disability was evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and stepwise multiple regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 41.33 ± 9.09 years, and 75% were female. The mean EDSS score was 3.28 ± 1.56, BDI score 19.87 ± 10.21, and BAI score 13.28 ± 9.96. Depression and anxiety were significantly correlated with disability (<i>r</i> = 0.404 and <i>r</i> = 0.399, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.01), and with each other (<i>r</i> = 0.702, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that depression alone explained 17.6% of disability variance, which increased to 36.2% when anxiety was added. Lower education level and positive family history of MS were associated with higher psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression and anxiety are common and strongly associated with greater physical disability in MS patients. Integrating psychological assessment and intervention into MS management may help improve functional outcomes and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health and educational environments of university students during the post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic: A longitudinal study.","authors":"Mika Tanaka, Yuji Tanaka, Kazutaka Ohi, Toshiki Shioiri","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70304","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Previous studies have documented a decline in the mental health of university students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic; however, only a few studies have investigated the underlying causes. This study examined longitudinal changes in learning environments and physical and mental health among Japanese university students during the post-pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The yearly survey on mental health and learning conditions between 2022 and 2023 involved 855 university students. The survey assessed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 6, the proportion of classes using digital technology, physical fatigue areas, and current health issues. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare changes in distress scores and digital class proportions between years. Distribution patterns were investigated using a chi-square test, and factors related to mental health shifts were explored through multiple logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean score for psychological distress increased from 3.0 to 3.3, whereas the median proportion of technology-based classes decreased from 2.5 to 0.8 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Yearly comparison revealed less physical fatigue after classes across several body areas. The previous year's distress score was associated with later mental health decline. Further, factors including the share of technology-based instruction, physical symptoms after classes, and time spent on health-related activities were associated with both mental health improvement and worsening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the coming year, health guidance for university students should reflect both physical and mental health needs, and shifts in learning approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of zuranolone in Japanese adults with major depressive disorder: An open-label, repeated-treatment part of a Phase 3 clinical trial.","authors":"Masaki Kato, Kazuyuki Nakagome, Takamichi Baba, Takuhiro Sonoyama, Hiroki Fukuju, Ryosuke Shimizu, Juan Carlos Gomez, Tomoko Motomiya, Takeshi Inoue","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70302","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the safety and tolerability of repeating 14-day treatment with zuranolone (30 mg) followed by a 6-week follow-up period (one treatment cycle) for a maximum of six treatment cycles in Japanese participants with major depressive disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter Phase 3 study was conducted in two parts (70 sites; Japan). Part B was an open-label study for participants who completed the initial double-blind study (Part A; zuranolone vs. placebo) in which all eligible participants received zuranolone regardless of their assignments in Part A. Endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and efficacy using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 271, 213, 170, 147, 126, and 99 participants were evaluated in Cycles 1-6, respectively. TEAEs occurring in ≥5% of participants were somnolence and dizziness during the treatment period and nasopharyngitis during the follow-up period, and no new safety signals were observed with increased numbers of treatment cycles. Additionally, no TEAEs suggestive of drug dependence or withdrawal symptoms were identified. The HAMD-17 total score decreased by 8 and 15 days after the initiation of zuranolone in all six cycles, and there were no meaningful differences in the HAMD-17 total score reduction across treatment cycles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this open-label part of the Phase 3 study in Japan, zuranolone decreased the HAMD-17 total scores from baseline over 15 days during repeated treatment cycles in patients with major depressive disorder, without any new safety signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12917863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147273249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical exercise, sport, psychiatry, and mental health.","authors":"Driss Moussaoui, Ira D Glick","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70300","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Psychiatry and Mental Health, physical exercise and sport have been neglected as essential tools in preventing the occurrence of mental disorders, in improving health and mental health, and in treating mental patients. This paper advocates for a better knowledge of this field by mental health workers in the best interest of care of mental patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12910319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-evaluating age-related attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom trajectories using the Japanese ADHD Rating Scale-5.","authors":"Ryotaro Shimomura, Yukie Tateno, Keisuke Oyatani, Kotaro Nanba, Eri Shiraishi, Masaru Tateno","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70301","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention (IA), hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In 2022, the Japanese version of the ADHD Rating Scale-5 (ADHD-RS-5) was released based on DSM-5. Although there are several changes compared to the previous version, few clinical studies have been conducted using the ADHD-RS-5. This study aimed to re-evaluate ADHD-related characteristics by age group in pediatric psychiatric outpatients, using the ADHD-RS-5 regardless of diagnosis, and compare these findings with previous research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were all patients aged 5-17 years who visited the Psychiatry Clinic of Tokiwa Hospital or the Tokiwa Child Development Center (Child Psychiatry Clinic) during the study period. Of 503 children, 452 met the inclusion criteria. Primary caregivers completed the ADHD-RS-5. Symptom and functional impairment scores were compared by ADHD diagnosis and age group. In the ADHD group, scores were also compared based on pharmacological treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IA and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) scores were significantly higher in the ADHD group. Functional impairment scores did not differ significantly in some age groups. HI scores were lower in older age bands, whereas IA scores did not differ significantly across age groups; the cross-sectional patterns are compatible with relative stability of inattentive symptoms but do not establish longitudinal persistence. Pharmacological treatment was not linked to symptom scores but was associated with higher impairment scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings using the ADHD-RS-5 showed results consistent with previous reports regarding age-specific symptom characteristics of ADHD, while also providing new insights into treatment options for ADHD. Clinicians may consider both symptom severity and functional impact when initiating pharmacotherapy. Given medication approval from age 6 in Japan, accurate assessment and diagnosis remain essential, and the ADHD-RS-5 may support decision-making when interpreted alongside clinical judgment and multi-informant input.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12914072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide attempt and paranoia persisting for 28 days following heavy delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and tetrahydrocannabinol use: A case report.","authors":"Daniel Greer, Prithula Dey, Caitlin E Kulig","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70290","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis contains various cannabinoids, with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) being the primary psychoactive compound. A non-psychoactive precursor called Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THC-A) is converted to Δ9-THC slowly over time or rapidly when heated. Cannabis use is linked to psychotic outcomes, with increased risk associated with heavier or earlier use. Additionally, Δ9-THC's lipophilic nature leads to prolonged detection following heavy use. These factors highlight the need for a better understanding of cannabis formulations, dosing, and their psychiatric and pharmacokinetic implications.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case report describes a patient who attempted suicide after developing paranoia induced by cannabis use. The patient experienced paranoid thoughts following daily consumption of 15-30 mg Δ9-THC gummies and THC-A in dried plant form. He reported being unfamiliar with the dosing and effects of THC-A, which contributed to his excessive and prolonged use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the potential risks of consumers being unaware of the differences in cannabinoids and dosing, which can result in adverse outcomes. THC-A, often labeled as non-psychoactive, becomes psychoactive when heated, which can confuse users. Improved product labeling is essential to help prevent poor patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of living alone and loneliness with neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A retrospective cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kayo Takeda, Hideki Kanemoto, Takashi Suehiro, Yuto Satake, Daiki Taomoto, Shigeki Katakami, Kenji Yoshiyama, Manabu Ikeda","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70299","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Living alone and loneliness are recognized risk factors for neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults. However, the distinct of the objective condition of living alone and subjective loneliness on specific neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 312 older adults with MCI (74 living alone and 238 living with family) who attended a university psychiatry clinic. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and subjective loneliness were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, respectively. Living arrangement (living alone vs. living with family) was recorded. Negative binomial regression with a log link function examined associations of depression, anxiety, delusions, and hallucinations with living alone and loneliness, adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were performed by excluding variables with highly unbalanced distributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients living alone showed significantly higher delusions, hallucinations, and disinhibition scores than those living with family, whereas apathy scores were significantly lower. Multivariate analyses showed that loneliness, but not living alone, was significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Delusions were significantly associated with both loneliness and living alone. In contrast, no significant associations were found between hallucinations and either living alone or loneliness. The significant associations for all neuropsychiatric symptoms were maintained in the sensitivity analysis, except for hallucinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with MCI show differential associations with loneliness and living alone. These findings suggest that useful non-pharmacological interventions may differ depending on the symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12887818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin and ferritin levels in Japanese 5-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Ai Terui, Manabu Saito, Asami Kuki, Shuji Shimoyama, Yui Sakamoto, Kazutaka Yoshida, Ayako Osato, Kazuhiko Nakamura","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.70294","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.70294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to have sleep problems. Few studies have investigated the relationship between sleep problems and blood melatonin and ferritin levels. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin and ferritin levels, and the differences in serum melatonin and ferritin levels between children with ASD and those without ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four years of data from population-based 5-year-old checkups were referenced. Fifty-five children were divided into the ASD group (<i>N</i> = 45) and the non-ASD group (<i>N</i> = 10). Blood samples were collected at 8:30 a.m. The Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQP) was used to assess sleep problems. Correlation analysis, the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, and multiple regression analysis were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the ASD group, the score of Sleep habit was significantly correlated with the serum ferritin level (<i>ρ</i> = 0.496, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant regression equation was found. However, the partial correlation coefficient calculated indicated a significant value between the score of Insomnia or Circadian rhythm disorder and serum melatonin level (<i>β</i> = 0.502, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and the score of Sleep habit and the serum ferritin level (<i>β</i> = 0.546 <i>p</i> < 0.01). The serum ferritin level in the ASD group (23.48 ± 9.14 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in the non-ASD group (14.84 ± 7.09 ng/mL) (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicated that children with ASD were more likely to have some sleep problems and higher morning serum ferritin levels than those without ASD. Further research is recommended on the correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin and ferritin levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"e70294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12887820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}