PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Suicide among national university graduate students in Japan from 2002 to 2021.","authors":"Toshiyuki Marutani, Katsuhiro Yasumi, Kenji Saito, Takehiro Ibaraki, Jun-Ya Takayama","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Graduate students are exposed to various types of stress. Thus, they are prone to mental health problems, and the most devastating result is suicide. The aim of this paper is to reveal the status of suicide among graduate students in Japan for 20 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed cumulative data on suicide among national university graduate students from annual surveys on causes of non-graduation in Japan for the 2002-2003 through 2021-2022 academic years. We asked all national universities with graduate schools to complete the surveys, and the participation rate was 91.1%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of students in the surveys was 2,383,858, and the number of deaths by suicide was 347 (292 males, 55 females). Chi-squared test results showed significantly higher suicide mortality rates for the following groups: male (<i>p</i> < 0.001), temporary leave (<i>p</i> < 0.001), repeating the same year (<i>p</i> = 0.006), master's level (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and majoring in engineering (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Psychiatric diagnoses were detected among 44 students (12.7%). The largest distribution (27 cases) of <i>International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision</i> (ICD-10) codes among those whose diagnoses were evident was F3, mood disorders. Estimated motives for suicide were reported for only 36 students (10.4%), of which the most prevalent was job search failure. The most prevalent suicide method was hanging (151 cases, 43.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that student support facilities should recognize higher-risk groups for suicide among graduate students. Our study adds suggestions for suicide prevention on campus during future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"e180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of real-time VR clinical practice on reducing the stigma toward dementia among students of occupational therapy: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Keita Ueno, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazuyuki Niki, Masaya Ueda, Ayumi Tanaka, Katsushi Yokoi, Yasuo Naito, Ryouhei Ishii","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pcn5.160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effects of real-time online clinical practice using real-time virtual reality (VR) compared with 2D PC screening on reducing stigma toward dementia, and to investigate the feasibility of online clinical practice using VR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Occupational therapy students were randomized to view occupational therapy evaluation screens for dementia patients using a VR headset or 2D monitor. The Attitudes Toward Dementia Scale (ADS), the Dementia Knowledge Scale (DKS), and Images of the Elderly with Dementia (IED) were assessed before and after the intervention. The level of clinical practice satisfaction and the System Usability Scale (SUS) were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of subjects in the intervention and control groups was 10 and 9, respectively. In ADS scores and IED, the main effect was shown in both groups and did not show interactions. In DKS scores, the main effect and interaction were not shown. The VR headset tended to be more usable than the 2D monitor in terms of usability. Satisfaction ratings indicated the characteristics of a realistic clinical experience through real-time VR viewing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-time VR and 2D online clinical practice could reduce the stigma toward dementia, but there were no significant differences between the types. The real-time VR experience was more similar to actual clinical practice than a 2D PC screening due to the sense of immersion, but issues in blinding and lack of audio and video quality were found.</p>","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"2 4","pages":"e160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of multidimensional biomarkers in the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program for early psychosis identification","authors":"TianHong Zhang, LiHua Xu, XiaoChen Tang, YanYan Wei, YeGang Hu, HuiRu Cui, YingYing Tang, ChunBo Li, JiJun Wang","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.152","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Psychosis is recognized as one of the largest contributors to nonfatal health loss, and early identification can largely improve routine clinical activity by predicting the psychotic course and guiding treatment. Clinicians have used the clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR) paradigm to better understand the risk factors that contribute to the onset of psychotic disorders. Clinical factors have been widely applied to calculate the individualized risks for conversion to psychosis 1–2 years later. However, there is still a dearth of valid biomarkers to predict psychosis. Biomarkers, in the context of this paper, refer to measurable biological indicators that can provide valuable information about the early identification of individuals at risk for psychosis. The aim of this paper is to critically review studies assessing CHR and suggest possible biomarkers for application of prediction. We summarized the studies on biomarkers derived from the findings of the ShangHai at Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program, including those that are considered to have the most potential. This comprehensive review was conducted based on expert opinions within the SHARP research team, and the selection of studies and results presented in this paper reflects the collective expertise of the team in the field of early psychosis identification. The three dimensions with potential candidates include neuroimaging dimension of brain structure and function, electrophysiological dimension of event‐related potentials (ERPs), and immune dimension of inflammatory cytokines and complement proteins, which proved to be useful in supporting the prediction of psychosis from the CHR state. We suggest that these three dimensions could be useful as risk biomarkers for treatment optimization. In the future, when available for the integration of multiple dimensions, clinicians may be able to obtain a comprehensive report with detailed information of psychosis risk and specific indications about preferred prevention.","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"39 41","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anorexia nervosa in a postoperative patient with Ebstein's anomaly","authors":"Kengo Sato, Ryosuke Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Okada, Yasushi Nishiyori, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Shiro Suda","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.154","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Along with the improved prognosis of patients with congenital heart disease, the associated diverse complications are under scrutiny. Due to various medical restrictions on their upbringing, patients with congenital heart disease often have coexisting mental disorders. However, reports on patients with congenital heart disease and coexisting eating disorders are rare. Here, we report the case of a patient who developed anorexia nervosa (AN) following surgery for Ebstein's anomaly. Case Presentation A 21‐year‐old female with Ebstein's anomaly who underwent Fontan surgery was transferred to our institution with suspected AN after &gt;2 years of intermittent stays at a medical hospital for decreased appetite. Initially, she did not desire to lose weight or fear obesity, and we suspected that she was suffering from appetite loss due to a physical condition associated with Fontan circulation. However, the eating disorder pathology gradually became more apparent. Conclusion Our experience suggests that patients with congenital heart disease are more likely to have a psychological background and physical problems that might contribute to eating disorders than the general population.","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"42 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, controlled study of patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia treated with yokukansan for 12 weeks","authors":"Jun Horiguchi, Rei Wake, Kenta Murotani, Haruo Seno, Tsuyoshi Miyaoka, Ken Inoue","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim We conducted a 12‐week double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of yokukansan in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Patients with schizophrenia resistant to antipsychotics whose Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were stable within five points were enrolled and assigned to the yokukansan or placebo group. Fifty‐three of the 61 consenting patients were allocated to the yokukansan ( n = 27) and placebo ( n = 26) groups. Results The changes in total and positive PANSS scores at 12 weeks were significantly greater in the yokukansan group than in the placebo group. There were no significant changes in other psychiatric symptom rating scores in either group. Adverse reactions were reported in six of 27 patients (22.2%) in the yokukansan group and five of 26 patients (19.2%) in the placebo group, all of which were nonserious. Conclusion Yokukansan is very safe and has clinical potential as a treatment for schizophrenia in combination with Western medicine.","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"42 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The subjective assessment of work and social adjustment impairments and associated psychopathologies in Japanese adult female patients with anorexia nervosa","authors":"Naoko Iida, Junko Ono, Yuki Mizuhara, Jin Narumoto","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.151","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) sometimes undergo a chronic course, and they hardly maintain social participation. Work and social adjustment impairments are generally significantly associated with the clinical symptoms of eating disorders. Psychopathologies associated with the subjective social difficulties of patients with AN have been unclear. This study examined the association between AN psychopathologies and work and social adjustment impairments in adult female patients with AN. Methods This study included 36 Japanese adult female patients with AN who completed the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) and the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations between WSAS and EDI‐2 or demographic variables. Results The mean age was 31.8 years, the mean current body mass index was 13.4 kg/m 2 , and the median illness duration was 5 years. Patients demonstrated social difficulties, especially in social leisure activities. The total WSAS scores were significantly correlated with EDI‐2 “impulse regulation” and “asceticism.” WSAS “social leisure” was significantly correlated with EDI‐2 “bulimia,” “interoceptive awareness,” “impulse regulation,” and “asceticism.” Conclusion Psychopathologies, such as impulse regulation, asceticism, and interoceptive awareness, may be related factors to social difficulties. Emotion regulation, such as impulse regulation and emotional awareness, could be an important realm of treatment not only for psychopathology but also for social functioning in patients with AN.","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anthropological method for diagnosing mental diseases: On the theory of time structure of Bin Kimura","authors":"Shun'ichi Noma","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.150","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bin Kimura (1931–2021), the Japanese anthropological psychopathologist and philosopher, attached importance to clinical impressions at psychiatric consultations in order to diagnose mental diseases precisely, and thus proposed his original theory of time structure. According to Kimura's theory of time structure, whether we live by giving weight to the past, the present, or the future can be called “time structure,” and is essentially related to the way we live with others and experience the world. We can obtain some signs for diagnosing mental diseases from the viewpoint of the time structure of each patient. “Ante‐festum” is the time structure in which one lives ahead to the future, and is typical of schizophrenic patients. “Post‐festum” is the time structure in which one is late for oneself, and is typical of patients with endogenous depression. “Intra‐festum” is the time structure in which one lives directly in the present, and is typical of patients with epilepsy or bipolar disorders. The anthropological diagnosis according to Kimura's theory of time structure could complement the operational diagnostic criteria, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems , in daily clinical practice. For example, Kimura's theory of time structure could exercise its ability to discriminate between endogenous and neurotic depression, and between schizophrenia and other delusional psychoses. The theory of time structure and anthropological diagnosis which Bin Kimura proposed in the late 20th century can give us many hints for assessing patients with mental diseases even today.","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"44 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scale of Parent‐to‐Child Emotions (SPCE): Development and validation of a short form","authors":"Ayako Hada, Yukiko Ohashi, Yuriko Usui, Toshinori Kitamura","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.148","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim Parents' emotions towards a child are extremely important. The Scale of Parent‐to‐Child Emotions (SPCE) consists of five basic and four self‐conscious emotion domains for assessment of parental emotional states. Abridgement of the SPCE is needed for research and clinical settings. Methods Our previous investigational data for SPCE development were used in this study. The sample of 2336 fathers and 2264 mothers, whose eldest child's age was up to 12 years old, was analyzed. Total information for each pair (form) of items corresponding to a latent trait ( θ ) was calculated. The form with the greatest amount of total information was selected as the best for each domain. In addition, relative efficiency for each form and correlations of raw sum scores in classical test theory (CTT) for short forms with factor scores in item response theory (IRT) were calculated. Results The SPCE was shortened to 18 items by selecting two items each for nine domains. Correlations of raw sum scores in CTT for short forms with factor scores in IRT were correlated strongly and significantly. Conclusion This abridged form of the scale, the SPCE‐18, may be applicable in a busy clinical setting or research works to investigate the trajectory of parent‐to‐child emotions across a long span of time.","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135644128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ayahuasca: A review of historical, pharmacological, and therapeutic aspects","authors":"Simon G. D. Ruffell, Max Crosland‐Wood, Rob Palmer, Nige Netzband, WaiFung Tsang, Brandon Weiss, Sam Gandy, Tessa Cowley‐Court, Andreas Halman, Diana McHerron, Angelina Jong, Tom Kennedy, Eleanor White, Daniel Perkins, Devin B. Terhune, Jerome Sarris","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ayahuasca is a psychedelic plant brew originating from the Amazon rainforest. It is formed from two basic components, the Banisteriopsis caapi vine and a plant containing the potent psychedelic dimethyltryptamine (DMT), usually Psychotria viridis . Here we review the history of ayahuasca and describe recent work on its pharmacology, phenomenological responses, and clinical applications. There has been a significant increase in interest in ayahuasca since the turn of the millennium. Anecdotal evidence varies significantly, ranging from evangelical accounts to horror stories involving physical and psychological harm. The effects of the brew on personality and mental health outcomes are discussed in this review. Furthermore, phenomenological analyses of the ayahuasca experience are explored. Ayahuasca is a promising psychedelic agent that warrants greater empirical attention regarding its basic neurochemical mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic application.","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135835613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misophonia, self‐harm and suicidal ideation","authors":"Julia Simner, Louisa J. Rinaldi","doi":"10.1002/pcn5.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.142","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim Misophonia is a sound sensitivity disorder characterized by an unusually strong aversion to a specific class of sounds—often human bodily sounds (e.g., chewing). These sounds can cause intense negative emotions which can cause profound difficulties in everyday life. The condition is linked with higher rates of anxiety and depression, and here we ask whether it co‐occurs with elevated self‐harm and suicidal thinking. Methods We measured self‐harm and misophonia in the general population by examining a birth cohort sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We screened them for misophonia as adults, then analyzed their earlier data on well‐being, self‐harm, and suicidal thinking. Results Adults with misophonia had significantly higher rates of self‐harm and suicidal ideation, as well as poorer well‐being in a number of different measures at ages 16–17 and 23–24 years. Female misophonics were particularly at risk, from as early as their teenage years, though males, too, show elevated self‐harm at 24 years compared to nonmisophonic peers. Conclusion Our data provide evidence of elevated risks of self‐harm associated with misophonia and suggest the need for greater recognition and treatment pathways.","PeriodicalId":74405,"journal":{"name":"PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}