Open psychology最新文献_第5页

Editorial to Volume 2 of Open Psychology 《开放心理学》第二卷社论

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-12-23 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2020-0001

M. Kiefer

引用次数: 1

The Impact of Focusing on Different Features During Encoding on Young and Older Adults’ Source Memory 编码过程中对不同特征的关注对青年和老年人源记忆的影响

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0008

K. Mitchell, E. Hill

{"title":"The Impact of Focusing on Different Features During Encoding on Young and Older Adults’ Source Memory","authors":"K. Mitchell, E. Hill","doi":"10.1515/psych-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Age-related source memory deficits result, in part, because young and older adults attend to different information. We asked whether focusing young and older adults‘ attention on specific features at encoding would result in similar subjective experiences of the vividness of the features and how this might affect source memory. Ratings of the vividness of visual detail, emotion, and associations were similar for young and older adults both when they were perceiving pictures and when they were thinking about them after a brief delay. Although young adults had better source memory than older adults, source accuracy did not differ depending on feature attended, and correlations between ratings and source memory showed that focus on the different types of information was equally predictive of source memory accuracy for young and older adults. Although preliminary, the results suggest that when attention is focused on specific information at encoding, young and older adults later use the various categories of source-specifying information similarly in making source attributions. Nevertheless, older adults did worse on the source test, suggesting they had less discriminable source information overall, this information was not well bound, and/or they experienced difficulty in strategic retrieval and monitoring processes.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"106 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/psych-2018-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47884959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Strategy variability in numerosity comparison task: a study in young and older adults 数字比较任务中的策略变异性：一项针对年轻人和老年人的研究

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0011

Angélique Roquet, P. Lemaire

引用次数: 13

Reduction of Chronic Stress and Trait Anxiety by Inquiry of Cognitive Appraisals with the Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) Method 基于探究的减压方法对慢性应激和特质焦虑的认知评估探究

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0013

Ann Krispenz, O. Dickhäuser

{"title":"Reduction of Chronic Stress and Trait Anxiety by Inquiry of Cognitive Appraisals with the Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) Method","authors":"Ann Krispenz, O. Dickhäuser","doi":"10.1515/psych-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Chronic stress and anxiety can impair individuals’ health. Appraisal theories assume that stress and anxiety are experienced if individuals appraise a situation as threatening for their well-being. Thus, the modification of cognitive appraisals can be expected to reduce stress and anxiety. A potentially effective method to modify individuals’ appraisals is inquiry-based stress reduction (IBSR; Mitchell & Mitchell, 2003). Aims: The present study assesses the effects of IBSR on chronic stress and trait anxiety in comparison to a matched control group. Method: We used a quasi-experimental repeated-measurement design and a non-clinical sample of N = 199. Participants’ chronic stress and anxiety levels were assessed before and three months after a nine-day IBSR training. To account for the consequences of missing randomization, propensity score matching was applied. Results: As expected, data analyses revealed that in the IBSR training group chronic stress and trait anxiety statistically significantly decreased over the course of three months whereas in the matched control group, the levels of chronic stress and trait anxiety did not statistically significantly change. Conclusions: IBSR seems to effectively reduce trait anxiety and chronic stress in a non-clinical sample.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"185 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/psych-2018-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41878665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Topical Issue on Strategy Contributions to Cognitive Aging 认知老龄化战略贡献专题

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0020

Beatrice G. Kuhlmann

{"title":"Topical Issue on Strategy Contributions to Cognitive Aging","authors":"Beatrice G. Kuhlmann","doi":"10.1515/psych-2018-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although some cognitive decline with healthy aging appears inevitable, previous research on strategy instruction and training has repeatedly demonstrated that older adults can substantially improve their cognitive performance through effective strategies. At the same time, age-related changes in strategy repertoire, distribution, execution, and selection have also been documented and, in part, been shown to contribute to the observed age-related deficits in cognitive performance. Authored by researchers from France, Germany, Italy, and the U.S., the nine articles of this Topical Issue on Strategy Contributions to Cognitive Aging provide novel insights on age-related differences (and similarities) in strategies across a variety of cognitive domains (episodic [item, source, event] memory, metamemory, decision making, and numeracy), ranging from new insights on traditional memory-encoding strategies such as self-generation to the discovery of novel strategies involved in event memory, metamemory, and numerosity comparison. Further, a review of event segmentation training and two novel training studies demonstrate much potential for the improvement of older adults’ cognitive performance, transferring beyond the trained task—but also identify for whom cognitive strategy training may be less beneficial, necessitating a more intensive or different training approach. All in all, this Topical Issue provides a comprehensive picture of age-related changes in cognitive strategies and means to improve older adults’ strategic approach to cognitive tasks.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"317 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/psych-2018-0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49656983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An ERP study of anaphor resolution with focused and non-focused antecedents 有焦点和无焦点前因的回指消解ERP研究

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0021

L. Hald, H. Cowles, Alan Garnham

引用次数: 0

Confidence of Older Eyewitnesses: Is It Diagnostic of Identification Accuracy? 老年目击者的信心:是鉴定准确性的诊断吗?

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0010

Natalie Martschuk, S. Sporer, Melanie Sauerland

{"title":"Confidence of Older Eyewitnesses: Is It Diagnostic of Identification Accuracy?","authors":"Natalie Martschuk, S. Sporer, Melanie Sauerland","doi":"10.1515/psych-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the late 1980s evidence has been accumulating that confidence recorded at the time of identification is a reliable postdictor of eyewitness identification. Nonetheless, there may be noteworthy exceptions. In a re-analysis of a field study by Sauerland and Sporer (2009; N = 720; n = 436 choosers between 15 and 83 years old) we show that the postdictive value of confidence was reduced for participants aged 40 years or older. Different calibration indices and Bayesian analyses demonstrate a progressive dissociation between identification performance and confidence across age groups. While the confidence expressed following an identification remained unchanged across the lifespan, identification accuracy decreased. Young, highly confident witnesses were much more likely to be accurate than less confident witnesses. With increasing age, witnesses were more likely to be overconfident, particularly at the medium and high levels of confidence, and the postdictive value of confidence and decision times decreased. We conclude that witness age may be an important moderator to take into account when evaluating identification evidence.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"132 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/psych-2018-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46731602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

How Moving Together Binds Us Together: The Social Consequences of Interpersonal Entrainment and Group Processes 一起运动如何将我们联系在一起:人际娱乐和群体过程的社会后果

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0018

Liam B. Cross, M. Turgeon, Gray Atherton

引用次数: 49

Remember they were emotional - Effects of emotional qualifiers during sentence processing 记住它们是情绪化的——句子处理过程中情绪限定词的影响

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0009

S. Child, Alan Garnham, J. Oakhill

引用次数: 1

Exploring Age-Related Metamemory Differences using Modified Brier Scores and Hierarchical Clustering. 利用改进Brier评分和分层聚类研究年龄相关的元记忆差异。

Open psychology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-06-29 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0015

Chelsea Parlett-Pelleriti, Grace C Lin, Masha R Jones, Erik Linstead, Susanne M Jaeggi

{"title":"Exploring Age-Related Metamemory Differences using Modified Brier Scores and Hierarchical Clustering.","authors":"Chelsea Parlett-Pelleriti, Grace C Lin, Masha R Jones, Erik Linstead, Susanne M Jaeggi","doi":"10.1515/psych-2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults (OAs) typically experience memory failures as they age. However, with some exceptions, studies of OAs' ability to assess their own memory functions-Metamemory (MM) - find little evidence that this function is susceptible to age-related decline. Our study examines OAs' and young adults' (YAs) MM performance and strategy use. Groups of YAs (N = 138) and OAs (N = 79) performed a MM task that required participants to place bets on how likely they were to remember words in a list. Our analytical approach includes hierarchical clustering, and we introduce a new measure of MM-the modified Brier-in order to adjust for differences in scale usage between participants. Our data indicate that OAs and YAs differ in the strategies they use to assess their memory and in how well their MM matches with memory performance. However, there was no evidence that the chosen strategies were associated with differences in MM match, indicating that there are multiple strategies that might be effective (i.e. lead to similar match) in this MM task.</p>","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":" ","pages":"215-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/psych-2018-0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25460454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5