Open psychology最新文献_第7页

Perceived Healthiness of Breakfasts in Women with Overweight or Obesity Match Expert Recommendations 超重或肥胖妇女对早餐健康的感知与专家建议相符

Open psychology Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0003

A. Laguna-Camacho, Eva García-Manjarrez, Mallory Frayn, B. Knäuper, M. V. Domínguez-García, Ericka Escalante-Izeta

{"title":"Perceived Healthiness of Breakfasts in Women with Overweight or Obesity Match Expert Recommendations","authors":"A. Laguna-Camacho, Eva García-Manjarrez, Mallory Frayn, B. Knäuper, M. V. Domínguez-García, Ericka Escalante-Izeta","doi":"10.1515/psych-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the perceived healthiness of breakfasts and the underlying beliefs influencing that perception against expert nutritional evaluation. Women with overweight or obesity (N = 120) were asked to recall the food items they consumed during a recent “healthy” or “unhealthy” breakfast. They also reported why the breakfast was healthy or unhealthy and rated its healthiness. Two nutritionists categorised the beliefs about why the breakfasts were “healthy” or “unhealthy” and evaluated the healthiness of each breakfast following nutrition guidelines. Generally, the meals considered as healthy versus unhealthy breakfasts and related beliefs about why the breakfasts were healthy or unhealthy matched food-based nutrition guidelines. Participants were found to perceive healthy breakfasts as more healthy and unhealthy breakfasts as less healthy than nutritionists did. Participants frequently mentioned the belief that their breakfast was healthy because “it contained fruit” or that their breakfast was unhealthy because “it contained fat.” Such salient healthy or unhealthy food items may guide the perception of breakfast healthiness and could be a target for nutrition counselling.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"25 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/psych-2018-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48294963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Risk Taking with Variable Resources: a Field and a Laboratory Experiment 风险承担与可变资源:一个现场和一个实验室实验

Open psychology Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0004

K. Faragó, Ajna Uatkán

{"title":"Risk Taking with Variable Resources: a Field and a Laboratory Experiment","authors":"K. Faragó, Ajna Uatkán","doi":"10.1515/psych-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Theoretical predictions and experimental findings concerning the relationship between risk taking and accumulated resources are contradictory. In contrast to laboratory experiments, studies conducted in an ecologically valid environment allow for the evaluation of available resources and the motivational impact of potentially serious consequences for risk taking. Objective: Our aim was to (i) examine the influence of available resources on risk taking in an ecologically valid field experiment; and (ii) to compare “real life” and laboratory experiments assessing risk taking. Method: To reproduce real decisions involving real stakes, the students were asked to choose between exam questions representing different levels of difficulty. Available resources of the students were defined as the amount of points accumulated during the semester. In parallel, the laboratory experiments were conducted to assess risk taking in a laboratory setting. Results: The two experimental setups yielded different results. In the field experiment, risk taking decreased with the available resources, whereas the laboratory experiments suggested an inverse tendency. The influence of contextual effects was only prominent in the field experiment.Conclusion: The results of the field experiment support the variable risk preference model, whereas the risk-sensitivity theory could only be validated in the laboratory setting.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"36 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/psych-2018-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43164245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Truth or Tale? How Construal Level and Judgment Mode Affect Confidence and Accuracy in Deception Detection 真相还是故事?解释水平和判断方式如何影响欺骗检测的置信度和准确性

Open psychology Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0002

Mariela E. Jaffé, Marc-André Reinhard, K. Ask, Rainer Greifeneder

引用次数: 0

Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems: A Treatment Program Evaluation 有性行为问题的青少年:一项治疗方案评估

Open psychology Pub Date : 2018-06-15 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2018-0001

J. D. Calvert, T. Bauer

{"title":"Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems: A Treatment Program Evaluation","authors":"J. D. Calvert, T. Bauer","doi":"10.1515/psych-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Juveniles commit a significant portion of the sexual abuse perpetrated on other children. Treatment for juveniles with sexual behavior problems has moved from modified adult treatments to more developmentally appropriate approaches. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most commonly used approach, research indicates that inclusion of significant others in the juvenile’s life is important when working with these youth. The inclusion of the juvenile’s family is seen as especially vital in treatment success. The current article reviews treatment outcomes, as measured by recidivism (re-offense) rates, for juvenile males completing a county juvenile sex offender treatment program. The program emphasizes family involvement and collaboration with juvenile probation officers, correctional officer, attorneys, and judges in the ongoing treatment as well as support of the juvenile and his/her family. Results indicate a sexual recidivism rate of 7.2% which is consistent with meta-analyses of research on sexual recidivism in treatment programs. The recidivism rate for non-sexual crimes was 33.7%, which is lower than typically reported in meta-analyses of treatment outcomes. The treatment program was equally effective for all juveniles, regardless of race.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"91 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/psych-2018-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66812274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5