Open psychology最新文献

“I Have Some Serious Doubts About this Vaccine…” – Generic Conspiracy Beliefs Predict the Acceptance of the Covid-19 Vaccination "我对这种疫苗有严重的怀疑......"--一般的阴谋论信念预示着对 Covid-19 疫苗接种的接受程度

Open psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0138

Hilmar Brohmer, Sonja Walcher

引用次数: 0

Contextual Specificity of (Un)Healthy Food/Drink Intake in Everyday Life: A Study Based on Episodic Memories 日常生活中(非)健康食品/饮料摄入的语境特异性:基于情景记忆的研究

Open psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0131

A. Laguna-Camacho

{"title":"Contextual Specificity of (Un)Healthy Food/Drink Intake in Everyday Life: A Study Based on Episodic Memories","authors":"A. Laguna-Camacho","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Identifying the contexts of episodes of (un)healthy food/drink intake could inform strategies for eating more healthily. This study assessed memories of recent episodes of healthy and unhealthy eating from adults in Mexico. For each (un)healthy eating episode participants recalled place, time of day, people present and food/drink intake. Categories were formed for the contextual features and foods/drinks that were reported, then the relative frequency of each category was tested between healthy and unhealthy eating episodes. Overall, there was a large set of categories of (un)healthy food/drink choices, and there were more healthy eating episodes with family at home and unhealthy eating episodes with friends out of home. However, as expected, a more specific context as well as food/drink intake was identified for each sort of recalled (un)healthy eating episode of the day. Additionally, eating out of home, later in the day and with people present were features related to higher estimated energy content across (un)healthy eating episodes. These findings support the assessment of self-reported memories of recent eating episodes to generate evidence that contribute to contexts that support healthy eating habits.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47554087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No Effect of Forest Representations on State Anxiety, Actual and Perceived Noise 森林表征对状态焦虑、实际噪声和感知噪声的影响

Open psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0134

M. Korbmacher, Lynn Wright

{"title":"No Effect of Forest Representations on State Anxiety, Actual and Perceived Noise","authors":"M. Korbmacher, Lynn Wright","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0134","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous research indicates that nature and nature representations might have positive effects and noise negative effects on various facets of life, such as performance, perceived life quality, and physical and mental health. In this intervention, we observed whether posters showing a representation of nature (forests) can be used to reduce actual noise, perceived noise, and state anxiety in university library users. Measurements were taken twice daily for a 5-day period pre-intervention (before posters were installed) and again during the intervention, when posters were installed. No significant differences were found for perceived or actual noise levels or for self-report state anxiety levels between pre-intervention and intervention phase. Correlations between actual and perceived noise, and actual noise and state anxiety, were small in their magnitude and non-significant, with the exception of state anxiety and perceived noise during the intervention phase, suggesting a weak positive relationship. Finally, in hierarchical linear regression models, actual and perceived (overall and talking) noise and intervention phase were non-significant predictors of state anxiety. Small effect sizes of nature representations on state anxiety, as well as actual and perceived noise, suggest posters of forests to not be an effective intervention for anxiety and actual and perceived noise reduction in a university library.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47614486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influences of Music Reading on Auditory Chord Discrimination: A Novel Test Bed for Nonconscious Processing of Irrelevant Prime Meaning 音乐阅读对听觉和弦辨别的影响:一个无关启动意义无意识加工的新实验平台

Open psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0132

Marie-Luise Augsten, S. J. Eder, Christian Büsel, Christian Valuch, U. Ansorge

{"title":"Influences of Music Reading on Auditory Chord Discrimination: A Novel Test Bed for Nonconscious Processing of Irrelevant Prime Meaning","authors":"Marie-Luise Augsten, S. J. Eder, Christian Büsel, Christian Valuch, U. Ansorge","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0132","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The question whether nonconscious processing could involve higher-level, semantic representations is of broad interest. Here, we demonstrate semantic processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant features of nonconscious primes within a novel, empirical test bed. In two experiments, musicians were visually primed with musical note triads varying in mode (i.e., major vs minor) and position (i.e., the arrangement of notes within a triad). The task required to discriminate only the mode in the following auditory target chord. In two experimental blocks, primes were either consciously visible or masked, respectively. Response times for auditory discrimination of the modes (relevant dimension) of heard triads were measured. Crucially, the targets also varied with respect to mode and position, creating different grades of congruency with the visual primes. Based on the Theory of Event Coding, we expected and found interactions between relevant and irrelevant semantic characteristics of masked primes, illustrating that even irrelevant prime meaning was processed. Moreover, our results indicated that both task-relevant and task-irrelevant prime characteristics are processed in nonconscious conditions only, and that practice in ignoring uninformative conscious primes can be transferred to a subsequent block. In conclusion, this study demonstrates cross-modal, automatic semantic processing using a novel approach to study such effects.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expanding dual-task research by a triple-task 通过三重任务扩展双任务研究

Open psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0008

Maximilian Stefani, Marian Sauter, Franziska Eichert, Wolfgang Mack

{"title":"Expanding dual-task research by a triple-task","authors":"Maximilian Stefani, Marian Sauter, Franziska Eichert, Wolfgang Mack","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Multitasking research in the laboratory is dominated by extremely simplistic dual-task paradigms. Although dual-tasks allow for some variations, they do not compare well to more complex everyday task settings. This study expands a classical dual-task paradigm by adding a third task. The dual-tasks and the triple-task always consisted of the same three single tasks. The aim was to investigate the effects of the combinations of the three single-tasks and in which manner response times and costs increased. Stimulus-response pairings were varied either once within participants (E1) or between participants (E2). Our results showed that the increase in response time from dual-tasks to triple-tasks was only 43% of the increase from single-tasks to dual-tasks suggesting a non-linear cost of adding tasks. Moreover, response times in each subtask were higher in triple-task situations compared to single-task or dual-task situations. This is in contrast to classical dual-tasks, in which typically only one of the two responses is delayed. Cognitively, for costs in triple-tasks, unlike in dual-tasks, task coordination seems to play a larger role compared to the classically suggested relationships between stimulus and response in terms of their modality- and ideomotor-compatibility which we will discuss. Overall, the study demonstrates that current multitasking research is limited in its generalizability by focusing only on dual-tasks and would benefit from research with more complex task settings.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"152 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48854014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fear and cultural background drive sexual prejudice in France – a sentiment analysis approach 恐惧和文化背景驱动法国的性偏见——一种情绪分析方法

Open psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0001

Nina-Maria Fronhofer, C. Herbert, V. Durand, A. Alvergne, M. Raymond, M. Barkat-Defradas

{"title":"Fear and cultural background drive sexual prejudice in France – a sentiment analysis approach","authors":"Nina-Maria Fronhofer, C. Herbert, V. Durand, A. Alvergne, M. Raymond, M. Barkat-Defradas","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sexual prejudice and its negative consequences remain major issues in Western societies, and numerous studies have tried to pinpoint its sociocultural underpinnings. However, most research has operationalized sexual prejudice via self-report measures or via implicit association tests (IATs), although it surfaces in language use and can be traced in spontaneous speech. Here, we report results from an experimental study investigating sexual prejudice in a corpus of spontaneous speech samples. Specifically, we tested in a context-sensitive sentiment analysis approach which attitudes (negative vs. positive) and emotions (joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust) were voiced by the participants in response to picture prompts displaying homosexual couples. We also considered the sociocultural basis of prejudicial attitudes, in particular the effects of the participants’ cultural background (France vs. Maghreb), age and gender. We find strong effects of cultural background and gender both on the frequency of negative vs. positive attitudes expressed, and on discrete emotion categories, namely that male Maghrebian participants were more negative and conveyed more fear. The results are discussed in the context of current diversity approaches in France and their implications for potential prejudice regulation strategies. We further discuss in how far our context-sensitive sentiment analysis approach advances research on sexual prejudice.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44925202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A little doubt saves many mistakes: Early and late error detection in copy-typing 一点怀疑可以避免许多错误:在复印打字中早期和后期的错误检测

Open psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0006

S. Dahm, M. Rieger

{"title":"A little doubt saves many mistakes: Early and late error detection in copy-typing","authors":"S. Dahm, M. Rieger","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on internal predictions, action-errors can be detected relatively early. Different kinds of sensory feedback further provide information about the occurrence of errors later on. To investigate the mechanisms underlying error detection in copy-typing, ten-finger-typists and hunt-and-peck-typists copy typed with and without visibility of the screen and keyboard. We expected that error detection evolves in slower typing before, during, and after an error. Results showed that more errors were reported with visible screen than with covered screen in both groups underpinning the importance of distal action-effects for error detection. Importantly, ten-finger-typists showed pre-error-slowing in the inter-keystroke-intervals (IKIs) before reported errors, but hunt-and-peck-typists did not. In both groups, error-slowing was observed in the last IKI before both reported and unreported errors. Hence, internal predictions play a role in error detection in both groups, but in ten-finger-typists, internal models may be more precise, leading to earlier error detection. Alternatively, slowing down may increase the probability of detecting errors. Finally, in both groups post-error-slowing indicates that sensory feedback from performing keystrokes contributes to error detection. In conclusion, feedback from distal action-effects (i.e., the screen), movement related feedback, and predictive mechanisms contribute to error detection in typing.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"115 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46192889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Looking at HMI Concepts for Highly Automated Vehicles: Permanent vs. Context-Adaptive Information Presentation 高度自动化车辆的HMI概念：永久与上下文自适应信息呈现

Open psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0124

Cornelia Hollander, Franziska Hartwich, J. Krems

{"title":"Looking at HMI Concepts for Highly Automated Vehicles: Permanent vs. Context-Adaptive Information Presentation","authors":"Cornelia Hollander, Franziska Hartwich, J. Krems","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To facilitate the usage and expected benefits of higher-level automated vehicles, passengers’ distrust and safety concerns should be reduced through increasing system transparency (ST) by providing driving-related information. We therefore examined the effects of ST on passengers’ gaze behavior during driving, trust in automated driving and evaluation of different human-machine interface (HMI) concepts. In a driving simulator, 50 participants experienced three identical highly automated drives under three HMI conditions: no HMI (only conventional speedometer), context-adaptive HMI (all system information only available in more complex situations) or permanent HMI (all system information permanently available). Compared to driving without HMI, the introduction of the two HMIs resulted in significantly higher usage of the center stack display (i.e. gazes towards the HMIs), which was accompanied by significantly higher trust ratings. The considerable differences in information availability provided by the context-adaptive versus permanent HMI did not reflect in similarly considerable differences regarding the passengers’ gaze behavior or accompanied trust ratings. Additionally, user experience evaluations expressed preferences for the context-adaptive HMI. Hence, the permanent HMI did not seem to create benefits over the context-adaptive HMI, supporting the usage of more economical, context-adaptive HMIs in higher-level automated vehicles.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"231 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48625667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is There a Privacy Paradox in Digital Social Media Use? The Role of Privacy Concerns and Social Norms 数字社交媒体的使用是否存在隐私悖论?隐私问题和社会规范的作用

Open psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0128

Josephine Halama, Tina Frenzel, Laura Hofmann, Constanze Klose, Nathalie Seifert, Kathrin Telega, Franziska Bocklisch

{"title":"Is There a Privacy Paradox in Digital Social Media Use? The Role of Privacy Concerns and Social Norms","authors":"Josephine Halama, Tina Frenzel, Laura Hofmann, Constanze Klose, Nathalie Seifert, Kathrin Telega, Franziska Bocklisch","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0128","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The phenomenon of the privacy paradox states that people are concerned about their data, but do not behave accordingly by avoiding disclosure of personal data, for instance, when using social media. Since findings about the influence of privacy concerns on privacy-related behavior are controversial, the present study investigates whether social norms or individual privacy concerns provide a better explanation of disclosure behavior. Therefore, a social media app dummy was developed and the social norm manipulated by altering the amount and the sensitivity of information provided in a fictitious app user profile. Regarding social norm factors, the results of the online experiment (N = 42) revealed that only the sensitivity of the data in the dummy profile demonstrated a medium effect on the amount of personal data given by the participants. Considering individual factors, the less concerned individuals were about their privacy, the higher were the amount and the degree of sensitivity of the personal information participants disclosed. In addition, participants differentiated between sensitive or non-sensitive information when disclosing their data. They disclosed sensitive information significantly less often, regardless of the dummy profile they saw. Altogether, the study results do not support the privacy paradox and demonstrate implications for media education.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"265 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41341724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

When does “inhibition of return” occur in spatial cueing tasks? Temporally disentangling multiple cue-triggered effects using response history and conditional accuracy analyses 空间提示任务中什么时候会出现“抑制返回”？使用反应历史和条件准确性分析暂时解开多个线索触发效应

Open psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0005

Sven Panis, T. Schmidt

{"title":"When does “inhibition of return” occur in spatial cueing tasks? Temporally disentangling multiple cue-triggered effects using response history and conditional accuracy analyses","authors":"Sven Panis, T. Schmidt","doi":"10.1515/psych-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on spatial cueing has shown that uninformative cues often facilitate mean response time (RT) performance in valid- compared to invalid-cueing conditions at short cue-target stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs), and robustly generate a reversed or inhibitory cueing effect at longer SOAs that is widely known as inhibition-of-return (IOR). To study the within-trial time course of the IOR and facilitation effects we employ discrete-time hazard and conditional accuracy analyses to analyze the shapes of the RT and accuracy distributions measured in two experimental tasks. Our distributional analyses show that (a) IOR is present only from ~160 ms to ~280 ms after target onset for cue-target SOAs above ~200 ms, (b) facilitation does not precede IOR, but co-occurs with it, (c) the cue-triggered motor response activation is selectively and actively inhibited before target onset, (d) the IOR effect consists of a facilitatory and an inhibitory component when compared to central cueing, (e) the addition of an extra central cue causes a temporary negative cueing effect in the conditional accuracy functions, and (f) the within-trial time course of IOR is not affected much by the task employed (detection or localization). We conclude that the traditional mean performance measures conceal crucial information on behavioral dynamics in spatial cueing paradigms.","PeriodicalId":74357,"journal":{"name":"Open psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"84 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45253358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2