Nature reviews psychology最新文献_第5页

Dual-process theory and decision-making in large language models 双过程理论与大型语言模型中的决策

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00506-1

Oliver Brady, Paul Nulty, Lili Zhang, Tomás E. Ward, David P. McGovern

{"title":"Dual-process theory and decision-making in large language models","authors":"Oliver Brady, Paul Nulty, Lili Zhang, Tomás E. Ward, David P. McGovern","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00506-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00506-1","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in everyday decision-making scenarios, altering how people make choices. Despite the seemingly ‘superhuman’ capabilities of LLMs in some domains, there are pitfalls in the decision-making performance of LLMs and they should therefore be used with caution. In this Review, we examine LLM outputs through the lens of dual-process theory and against the backdrop of human decision-making. We detail how in decision-making scenarios, LLMs mimic both System-1-like responses — exhibiting cognitive biases and employing heuristics — and System-2-like responses — slow and carefully reasoned — through specific prompting methods. However, LLM reasoning is not fully analogous to human dual-process cognition. For instance, the ‘cognitive’ biases observed in LLMs often reflect patterns in their training data and LLMs exhibit specific non-human biases, such as hallucinations, that constrain their use in real-world decision-making. Despite these limitations, LLMs have the potential to augment human decision-making when deployed responsibly. Thus, we conclude with recommendations for mitigating biases and improving reliability to enable the deployment of LLMs as effective decision-support systems. The performance of large language models (LLMs) is often compared to human performance on decision-making tasks. In this Review, Brady and colleagues examine LLM outputs through the lens of dual-process theory, considering the hallmarks of System 1 and System 2 human decision-making.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 12","pages":"777-792"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating cognitive neuroscience and clinical perspectives on metacognitive mechanisms in psychopathology 整合认知神经科学和临床观点在精神病理学中的元认知机制

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00503-4

Tricia X. F. Seow, Lena Jelinek, Steffen Moritz, Tobias U. Hauser

{"title":"Integrating cognitive neuroscience and clinical perspectives on metacognitive mechanisms in psychopathology","authors":"Tricia X. F. Seow, Lena Jelinek, Steffen Moritz, Tobias U. Hauser","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00503-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00503-4","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognition (the fundamental ability to reflect on and evaluate one’s own thoughts and actions) can shape human decisions and behaviours. Alterations in metacognition, such as distortions in confidence, self-reflection and beliefs about mental processes, are frequent in patients with mental disorders and are the target of effective clinical interventions. However, inconsistent frameworks and conceptual barriers between cognitive neuroscience and clinical disciplines have hindered advances in understanding and treating metacognition in psychopathology. In this Review, we review the metacognition literature to highlight cross-disciplinary inconsistencies and overlaps in terminology, experimental approaches and study populations between cognitive neuroscience and clinical perspectives. We build on a hierarchical framework of metacognition to start the process of integrating these literatures, and discuss the challenges associated with categorical and dimensional approaches to mental disorders. Our recommendations for future directions highlight the need for collaborative work between cognitive and clinical experts and methodological approaches that capture the causal links between metacognition and psychopathology. Cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology have made substantial advances in knowledge about metacognitive processes, but these fields have progressed in parallel. In this Review, Seow et al. integrate the literature to start a cross-field dialogue that will improve the understanding and treatment of psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"9-28"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Network-informed interventions for psychopathology 基于网络的精神病理学干预

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00513-2

René Freichel

引用次数: 0

Evidence-based psychotherapies for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and their underlying mechanisms 围产期情绪和焦虑障碍的循证心理治疗及其潜在机制

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00505-2

Daisy R. Singla, Andrea S. Lawson, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Parisa R. Kaliush, Kate Walsh, Vikram Patel, Crystal E. Schiller

{"title":"Evidence-based psychotherapies for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and their underlying mechanisms","authors":"Daisy R. Singla, Andrea S. Lawson, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Parisa R. Kaliush, Kate Walsh, Vikram Patel, Crystal E. Schiller","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00505-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00505-2","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (which include depression, anxiety and trauma-related conditions) affect one in five women during pregnancy and up to one year postpartum. Experiencing these conditions is one of the strongest predictors of perinatal suicidality, accounting for up to 25% of perinatal deaths globally. Evidence-based psychotherapies are highly effective at treating these common conditions, recommended by international guidelines and widely preferred over medications in perinatal populations. Improving access to psychotherapies might therefore be an effective preventive strategy to mitigate risk for perinatal suicidality. In this Review, we highlight mechanisms of change underpinning evidence-based psychotherapies for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders that might optimize delivery and increase access to quality care. We summarize the existing literature on the prevalence, manifestation and risk factors of perinatal depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality, as well as evidence-based psychotherapies and their underlying mechanisms of change. Given the high comorbidity across diagnostic categories and the shared mechanisms of change among psychotherapies, we suggest a transdiagnostic approach to treating perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Future research should rigorously test treatment-delivery innovations and measure potential mediators of treatment response to personalize care, optimize outcomes and prevent maternal death. Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders affect one in five women during pregnancy and up to one year postpartum and are a strong predictor of perinatal suicidality. In this Review, Singla et al. provide an overview of evidence-based psychotherapies for perinatal depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and suicidality and describe their underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 12","pages":"761-776"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The theory that woke scientists up to sleep 这个理论把科学家们都吵醒了

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00511-4

Rebecca Crowley

引用次数: 0

Taking faculty diversity seriously means asking why it matters 认真对待教师多样性意味着要问为什么它很重要

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00510-5

Azim Shariff

引用次数: 0

The relevance of classic language models in the age of AI 经典语言模型在人工智能时代的相关性

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00508-z

Cheng-Yu Hsieh

引用次数: 0

A cognitive approach to human–AI complementarity in dynamic decision-making 动态决策中人类-人工智能互补性的认知方法

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00499-x

Cleotilde Gonzalez, Hoda Heidari

{"title":"A cognitive approach to human–AI complementarity in dynamic decision-making","authors":"Cleotilde Gonzalez, Hoda Heidari","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00499-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00499-x","url":null,"abstract":"As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into complex decision-making environments, there is a growing need to develop AI systems that complement human capabilities. AI and humans offer distinct strengths: AI excels at processing large datasets, identifying statistical patterns and optimizing predefined objectives, whereas humans are skilled at navigating uncertainty, novelty and interpersonal challenges. The synergy between humans and AI is particularly vital in dynamic decision-making domains — such as disaster response situations — in which rapid analysis of AI results must be balanced with human judgement and ethical considerations. In this Perspective, we provide a conceptual framework to integrate human decision-making with AI, focusing on cognitive AI: a computational approach that models human cognitive processes to create AI systems that learn and make decisions in ways similar to those of humans. We discuss the elements and necessary capabilities of cognitive AI and how to realize human–AI complementarity in decision-making while considering ethical risks. By advancing these areas, researchers can lay the groundwork for adaptive and cognitively grounded human–AI teamwork that is aligned with human values and goals. Complex decision-making tasks can be addressed with artificial intelligence (AI) systems that complement human capabilities. In this Perspective, Gonzalez and Heidari provide a conceptual framework to integrate human and AI decision-making, highlighting technical challenges and ethical risks.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 12","pages":"808-822"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common method bias can lead to spurious correlations in relationship studies 在关系研究中，共同方法偏差会导致虚假的相关性

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00507-0

Jenn Richler

引用次数: 0

Psychological risk and resilience in families of children with cancer 癌症儿童家庭的心理风险和适应能力

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00504-3

Brittany C. McGill

引用次数: 0