Nature reviews psychology最新文献_第4页

Reply to ‘Student evaluations of teaching should not be abandoned’ 回复“不应放弃学生评教”

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00465-7

Gordon Hodson

引用次数: 0

Adaptive compression as a unifying framework for episodic and semantic memory 自适应压缩作为情景和语义记忆的统一框架

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00458-6

David G. Nagy, Gergő Orbán, Charley M. Wu

{"title":"Adaptive compression as a unifying framework for episodic and semantic memory","authors":"David G. Nagy, Gergő Orbán, Charley M. Wu","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00458-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00458-6","url":null,"abstract":"Sensory experiences are encoded as memories, not as verbatim copies, but through interpretation and transformation. Rate distortion theory frames this process as compression in which irrelevant details are discarded. Despite the successes of approaches based on rate–distortion theory in aligning with empirical findings, these approaches assume that environmental regularities are known and unchanging and that surprising experiences are dismissed. However, the brain’s model of environmental regularities (semantic memory) is continually learned and refined, and surprising events have a pivotal role in this learning. In this Perspective, we offer a normative framework that addresses the interplay between semantic and episodic memory in the context of this computational problem that encompasses memory distortions, curriculum effects and prioritized replay. We propose to consider memory as solving an online structure learning problem, with semantic and episodic memory each having a role. We argue that semantic memory must learn the regularities that enable the efficient encoding of experience and that episodic memory supports this process by preserving surprising experiences in a relatively raw format for later interpretation. This framework opens up avenues towards understanding how adaptive compression and surprise shape the trajectory of learning and memory distortions. Memory cannot retain verbatim information about all experiences; some loss and compression is needed to meet resource constraints. In this Perspective, Nagy and colleagues describe a framework in which semantic memory encodes broad regularities and episodic memory retains specific information for key experiences.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 7","pages":"484-498"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental constructs of the social world following abusive caregiving 虐待照料后社会世界的心理构造

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00460-y

Nicolas Murgueitio

引用次数: 0

Stereotyped beliefs about the self are acquired early 对自我的刻板印象很早就形成了

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00461-x

Brandon A. Carrillo

引用次数: 0

Ideological alignment determines whether protest action is considered acceptable 意识形态的一致性决定了抗议行动是否被认为是可以接受的

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00459-5

Jenn Richler

引用次数: 0

Suicide and self-harm in older adults 老年人的自杀和自残

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00454-w

Michael H. Connors, Brian Draper, Anne P. F. Wand, Diego De Leo, Simone Reppermund

{"title":"Suicide and self-harm in older adults","authors":"Michael H. Connors, Brian Draper, Anne P. F. Wand, Diego De Leo, Simone Reppermund","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00454-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00454-w","url":null,"abstract":"Older people have higher suicide rates and engage in self-harm with greater intent to die, higher lethality and greater risk of eventual suicide than people in other age groups. However, research and interventions to address suicide and self-harm in older people remain limited. In this Review, we consider the unique challenges faced by older people in relation to suicide and self-harm. We integrate research on risk factors, psychological theories on underlying mechanisms, and public health interventions and clinical treatments specific to this age group. We highlight age-related challenges to health, independence, purpose, social role and social connection, and barriers to care related to ageism and the accessibility of mental health services. We discuss directions for future research with a particular focus on understudied and high-risk groups, moderating factors and interventions. Older adults have the highest suicide rates of any age group, but the mechanisms leading to this behaviour remain understudied. In this Review, Connors et al. integrate epidemiological research with psychological theories and interventions to better understand and prevent suicide and self-harm in older adults.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 7","pages":"440-456"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The temporal dynamics of response inhibition 反应抑制的时间动态

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00457-7

Carsten Bundt

引用次数: 0

Bringing comparative cognition approaches to AI systems 将比较认知方法引入人工智能系统

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00456-8

Konstantinos Voudouris, Lucy Cheke, Eric Schulz

引用次数: 0

The role of social interaction in the formation and use of abstract concepts 社会互动在抽象概念的形成和使用中的作用

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00451-z

Anna M. Borghi, Claudia Mazzuca, Luca Tummolini

{"title":"The role of social interaction in the formation and use of abstract concepts","authors":"Anna M. Borghi, Claudia Mazzuca, Luca Tummolini","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00451-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00451-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstractness — the capability to form and use abstract concepts, like ‘fantasy’ — is pivotal to human cognition. Different abstract concepts are characterized by different degrees of sensorimotor, interoceptive, emotional, linguistic and social aspects. In this Perspective, we propose a social route to abstractness, highlighting the role of social interaction and conceptual flexibility in abstract concept acquisition and use. We distinguish two notions: ‘socialness’, the idea that the content of abstract concepts evokes more social aspects than concrete concepts, and ‘social metacognition’, a process that includes a monitoring and an interactive phase. Compared with concrete concepts, social support is more critical to acquiring abstract concepts and to aligning and co-building conceptual meaning while using them. We also introduce a semantic dimension, vagueness, which distinguishes abstract concepts with more determinate meaning (such as some scientific and magnitude concepts) and abstract concepts whose meaning remains vague and socially negotiable. We connect the literatures on concepts, knowledge outsourcing and knowledge communities and highlight open research questions to test the social route to abstractness. The capability to use abstract concepts such as ‘justice’ is a key part of human cognition. In this Perspective, Borghi et al. highlight distinct levels of social interaction and conceptual flexibility in the acquisition and use of abstract concepts.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 7","pages":"470-483"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studying language evolution through comparative tractography 用比较语源学研究语言演化

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00453-x

Yannick Becker

引用次数: 0