Nature reviews psychology最新文献_第4页

Understanding heterogeneity in late-life post-traumatic reactions 了解晚年创伤后反应的异质性

IF 22

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00586-7

Yuval Palgi, Lee Greenblatt-Kimron, Amit Shrira

{"title":"Understanding heterogeneity in late-life post-traumatic reactions","authors":"Yuval Palgi, Lee Greenblatt-Kimron, Amit Shrira","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00586-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00586-7","url":null,"abstract":"There are two contradicting theoretical frameworks regarding the effect of traumatic exposure on older adults. One framework, synthesized in the vulnerability hypothesis, suggests amplified post-traumatic reactions among older adults due to age-related losses and cumulative life adversity. The second framework, synthesized in the maturation and the inoculation hypotheses, predicts impressive resilience driven by age-related gains, such as life experience. In this Perspective, we introduce the heterogeneous resilience model, which integrates these contradictory frameworks to understand older adults’ varied reactions to traumatic events from a lifespan perspective. The model incorporates insights from gerontology and traumatology, showing that adults generally become more resilient as they age, but variability in their reactions to traumatic events also increases with age. We propose that older adults’ reactions range between resilience, fragile resilience and vulnerability, depending on age-related factors such as improved emotional regulation and learning from past experiences, declines in physical and cognitive reserves, and positive and negative views of ageing. The diversity of reactions and factors highlighted in the heterogeneous resilience model can enhance understanding and treatment of traumatized older adults. Older adults’ coping with traumatic events has traditionally been conceptualized as either more vulnerable or more resilient compared with younger adults. In this Perspective, Palgi et al. integrate gerontology and traumatology literatures to provide a more nuanced description of post-traumatic reactions in old age.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 8","pages":"560-571"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Speciesism and the psychology of animal exploitation 物种主义与动物剥削心理

IF 22

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00585-8

Kristof Dhont, Gordon Hodson

{"title":"Speciesism and the psychology of animal exploitation","authors":"Kristof Dhont, Gordon Hodson","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00585-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00585-8","url":null,"abstract":"Human dominance over other animals — expressed through exploitation, consumption and exclusion from moral concern — is a widespread feature of societies. However, this dominance contrasts with deep emotional bonds towards certain animals, especially companion animals, revealing a moral hierarchy in which human-assigned categories and functional roles shape how animals are valued and treated. In this Review, we synthesize psychological research on speciesism — the belief system that places humans above other animals and morally ranks animals according to their species and the roles humans impose upon them. We outline how people think about and evaluate different animals, how cognitive biases sustain moral disengagement, and how meat and animal-product consumption exemplify these dynamics in everyday life. We then review the ideological foundations that support speciesist beliefs and consider how speciesism intersects with other forms of prejudice shaped by dominance-based ideologies. Finally, we outline promising directions for future research, policy and psychological practice. Ultimately, recognizing speciesism as a powerful and pervasive belief system is essential for understanding human moral cognition and for building more ethical, sustainable and just relations with other animals. People care deeply about some animals (such as pets) but engage in practices that harm other animals (such as eating meat). In this Review, Dhont and Hodson outline how people evaluate different animals, how cognitive biases sustain moral disengagement, and how meat and animal-product consumption exemplify these dynamics.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 9","pages":"580-594"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148904478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human cooperation is strong among individuals but fragile between groups 人类的合作在个人之间是强有力的，但在群体之间是脆弱的

IF 22

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-06-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00580-z

Paul A. M. Van Lange, Paul K. Bergmann

{"title":"Human cooperation is strong among individuals but fragile between groups","authors":"Paul A. M. Van Lange, Paul K. Bergmann","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00580-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00580-z","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are often described as a cooperative species, and there is indeed a good deal of empirical support for this claim. However, there is also ample evidence of distrust, hostility and aggression. In this Perspective, we draw on the decades-long literature of human cooperation to reconcile this conflicting evidence. Specifically, we advance a theoretical model that suggests that individuals frequently engage cooperatively with other individuals, but that cooperation between groups is more fragile. We further outline that, compared to groups, cooperation in dyads is often more easily achieved through three complementary mechanisms: reciprocity, empathy and psychological safety. Conversely, cooperation is rare between groups because individuals often hold some intuition-based mistrust towards outgroup members that motivates ingroup favouritism, which can turn into evidence-based distrust following experiences of parochialism by outgroups. When groups are negatively interdependent and perceive outgroup threat, intergroup relations can further deteriorate into conflict characterized by hostility and sometimes even hate. We conclude by outlining the implications of this model for improving intergroup relations. There is ample empirical evidence that humans are cooperative, but there is also evidence that humans can be distrustful, hostile and aggressive. In this Review, Van Lange and Bergmann reconcile this conflicting evidence by arguing that cooperation is more easily achieved between individuals, especially in dyads, than between groups.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 8","pages":"546-559"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Migrants’ and local residents’ psychological responses to migration 移民与当地居民对移民的心理反应

IF 22

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00576-9

Gerald Echterhoff, Karen Phalet, Julia C. Becker

{"title":"Migrants’ and local residents’ psychological responses to migration","authors":"Gerald Echterhoff, Karen Phalet, Julia C. Becker","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00576-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00576-9","url":null,"abstract":"Migration profoundly transforms the material, social and cultural environments of migrants, which creates psychological demands that are often experienced as challenges or threats. At the same time, migration changes the receiving context, which can generate psychological demands for local residents. Consequently, perceptions of and responses to immigration-related demands critically depend on the other group’s responses. In this Review, we consider the interplay between migrants’ and local residents’ responses to migration from a psychological perspective. We first review psychological factors and processes underlying emigration, with a focus on decision processes. Once migrants have arrived in a receiving society, both migrant and local resident groups face immigration-related demands. Corresponding need threats for migrants are exacerbated by the (perceived) forced nature of migration. We review research on migrants’ and local residents’ psychological responses to these immigration-related demands, including local residents’ helping responses, and consider the extended intergroup dynamics of such responses in acculturation. We conclude by identifying directions for future research. Migration transforms migrants’ material, social, and cultural environments. Migration also changes the receiving context, which affects local residents. In this Review, Echterhoff et al. consider the interplay between migrants’ and local residents’ responses to migration and the influence of the perceived forced nature of migration.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 8","pages":"520-530"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The costs of incremental research in cognitive psychology 认知心理学增量研究的成本

IF 22

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00584-9

Gesine Dreisbach, Julie M. Bugg

引用次数: 0

The psychology of eating requires social context 饮食心理学需要社会背景

IF 22

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00581-y

Jutta Mata

{"title":"The psychology of eating requires social context","authors":"Jutta Mata","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00581-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00581-y","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritionally inadequate diets are among today’s greatest challenges to both public and planetary health. However, interventions aimed at changing eating behaviour in the long term have shown limited effectiveness, potentially because research has typically conceptualized eating behaviour as an individual activity despite its fundamentally social nature. In this Review, I argue for the importance of understanding eating within its natural social contexts to achieve effective, long-term change. I conceptualize eating as a social activity, review the current relevant theories, and synthesize the forms and dimensions of eating in its natural social context. Current and emerging methods for measurement and analysis are available that can capture eating in real-world settings. Empirical evidence shows that eating with others is more common than eating alone; eating takes place within specific social contexts and broad social systems; and eating serves central social functions. Researching eating behaviour in its natural social context could help to overcome the shortcomings of current theories and improve behaviour change interventions, to the benefit of health and well-being. Beyond meeting a basic need, eating behaviour shapes human health and environmental outcomes. In this Review, Mata highlights the fundamentally social nature of eating and describes how to integrate this evidence into current research on behaviour change.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 7","pages":"476-492"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transition dynamics of external and internal attention across on-task and off-task states 任务状态和任务状态下外部和内部注意的转移动力学

IF 22

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00578-7

Sam Verschooren, Martin J. Dahl, Mariam Aly, Matthias Mittner

{"title":"Transition dynamics of external and internal attention across on-task and off-task states","authors":"Sam Verschooren, Martin J. Dahl, Mariam Aly, Matthias Mittner","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00578-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00578-7","url":null,"abstract":"Attention can be flexibly directed to different sources of information, which gives rise to distinct attentional states and frequent transitions between them. However, a comprehensive theoretical integration of attentional states within a unified transition space has been lacking. In this Perspective, we propose mapping attentional states along two orthogonal axes: a direction (external versus internal) axis and a goal-relevance (on-task versus off-task) axis. We envision three principles of the transition dynamics between states. First, an internal bias pulls attention towards internally generated or previously encoded information. Second, the subjective goal value of the current state is compared with the opportunity cost of not engaging in other states. Finally, in an intermediate off-focus state, the focus of attention is temporarily released to facilitate spontaneous transitions. Neuromodulatory influences — specifically, cholinergic for transitions along the direction axis and noradrenergic for transitions along the goal-relevance axis — refine the framework by restricting the transition possibilities. In sum, our framework integrates cognitive-psychological and neurobiological attention research and offers a blueprint for future work. Attention can be flexibly directed to information that is on- or off-task and internal or external to the individual. In this Perspective, Verschooren and colleagues bring together behavioural and neuromodulatory evidence to propose a unified space of attentional states and transitions between them.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 7","pages":"493-509"},"PeriodicalIF":22.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Creativity as associations across semantic networks 创造力作为跨语义网络的关联

IF 22

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00583-w

Tuval Raz

引用次数: 0

Emotion regulation in children of mothers with borderline personality disorder 边缘型人格障碍母亲子女的情绪调节

IF 21.8

Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2026-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-026-00579-6

Ximena Goldberg

引用次数: 0

Machine ‘culture’ beyond language 超越语言的机器“文化”