Monica Gori, Maria Bianca Amadeo, Andrew J. Bremner
{"title":"The development of spatial perception with and without visual experience","authors":"Monica Gori, Maria Bianca Amadeo, Andrew J. Bremner","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00516-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00516-z","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial perception is essential for sensing and interacting with the environment. During development, coherent multisensory representations of space are created by aligning and integrating information across sensory modalities. In sighted adults, vision is typically the most reliable spatial sense and has a key role in multisensory spatial development by offering an immediate and comprehensive representation of the surrounding layout in a single glance. In this Review, we explore how sensory and motor systems develop in early life to form spatial representations of the external environment, and the role of visual experience in this process. We examine differences in spatial perceptual development between visually impaired individuals and sighted individuals, focusing on visual, auditory and tactile modalities and their interactions in the context of sensorimotor and bodily changes. Differences between visually impaired individuals and sighted individuals illustrate critical developmental periods during which sensory and motor experiences influence the construction of spatial representations. In sighted adults, spatial perception relies on information integrated across sensory modalities. In this Review, Gori and colleagues consider spatial perception in visually impaired infants, children and adults to clarify how it develops and the role of sensory information in the process.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 2","pages":"80-92"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Individual, interpersonal and sociocultural contributors to maths anxiety in children","authors":"Fraulein Retanal, Erin A. Maloney","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00519-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00519-w","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematics is critical for academic and career success, yet many children experience ‘maths anxiety’, a pervasive emotional response that can hinder performance in and engagement with maths. In this Review, we examine how maths anxiety operates and develops, focusing on children (ages 4–17 years) because maths anxiety often begins to emerge in the early school years, and experiences during childhood and adolescence can shape long-term engagement and achievement in maths. We explore factors that contribute to and sustain maths anxiety within a three-level framework. At the individual level, we discuss the reciprocal feedback-loop model of maths anxiety, outlining the influences of biological predispositions, early maths performance, attitudes and beliefs, cognitive disruption and avoidance. At the interpersonal level, we examine how parents’ and teachers’ practices and beliefs shape children’s maths experiences and maths anxiety. Finally, at the sociocultural level, we consider how broader cultural and societal factors shape how children perceive and engage with maths. By bridging these perspectives, we clarify existing findings and chart a path to uncover how mechanisms operating within and between these levels jointly shape children’s experiences with maths. Maths anxiety refers to negative emotions such as fear, tension and apprehension that arise while doing mathematics. In this Review, Retanal and Maloney discuss individual, interpersonal and sociocultural influences on maths anxiety in children and their impacts on long-term engagement and achievement in mathematics.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 2","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The knowledge–behaviour gap in stigma towards people with mental disorders","authors":"Ximena Goldberg","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00525-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00525-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"5-5"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning words in context","authors":"Audun Rosslund","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00526-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00526-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 2","pages":"77-77"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social change in science and the courtroom","authors":"Sabrina Piccolo","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00522-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00522-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"8-8"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Co-approaches in mental health need conceptual clarity","authors":"Nelson Shen","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00518-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00518-x","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their popularity, terms such as ‘co-creation’, ‘co-design’ and ‘co-production’ are often misused, risking tokenism and downstream harm. Re-centring on the foundational principles of ‘co-approaches’ can restore conceptual clarity and promote meaningful engagement in mental health research and practice, regardless of the term used.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial intelligence is not a substitute for human intelligence","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00517-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00517-y","url":null,"abstract":"As artificial intelligence (AI) permeates society and daily life, psychologists are investigating interactions between AI and human cognition, behaviour and values.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 12","pages":"753-754"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-025-00517-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The merits of undergraduate student samples","authors":"Jennifer M. Talarico","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00520-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00520-3","url":null,"abstract":"Undergraduate student samples in psychological research are commonly critiqued as ‘convenience samples’. However, they can also be ideally representative for certain research questions.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}