Nature reviews psychology最新文献

{"title":"A children’s rights perspective to child psychological maltreatment","authors":"Lisa Marie Schaumburg","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00571-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00571-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 6","pages":"373-373"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing a dynamic approach to cultural psychology beyond stable dichotomies","authors":"Ayse K. Uskul, Batja Mesquita","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00550-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00550-5","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural psychology has relied heavily on the framework of individualism and collectivism to make sense of cultural variability. However, the predominant focus on two-way comparisons between samples from countries that vary on the individualism–collectivism dimension has encouraged conceptions of culture as bounded, monolithic and stable and has implied an unwarranted dichotomy of cultural differences in psychological processes. In this Review, we summarize theoretical developments in cultural psychology that go beyond the cultural dichotomy of individualism and collectivism and that consider cultures as internally diverse and dynamic. To that end, we describe insights from research conducted outside the usual east–west comparisons that explore a wider range of cultural variety in psychological tendencies, literature on within-culture variation, and conceptual as well as empirical advances regarding the cultural dynamics of psychological phenomena at the individual level (psychological acculturation) and group level (cultural change). We conclude by outlining future steps for the field of cultural psychology and highlighting its relevance in an increasingly multicultural world. The framework of individualism versus collectivism has encouraged conceptions of culture as dichotomous, bounded, monolithic and stable. In this Review, Uskul and Mesquita describe research that moves beyond these conceptualizations of culture and considers research on a wider range of cultural variety in psychological tendencies, within-nation variation and cultural dynamics.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 6","pages":"375-387"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting extinction learning in the laboratory and the wild","authors":"Patrick Anselme, Onur Güntürkün","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00561-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00561-2","url":null,"abstract":"In extinction learning, a behaviour that was previously learned is extinguished when it no longer occurs in response to a target stimulus. However, laboratory research with non-human animals has revealed ‘paradoxes’ that consist of relapses or amplifications of the extinguished behaviour. In this Perspective, we examine extinction learning as a psychological mechanism and as an evolutionary adaptation. Relapse effects (including spontaneous recovery, renewal and reinstatement) and amplification effects (including extinction burst, increased behavioural variability and the partial reinforcement effect) reflect evolutionarily developed strategies to optimize survival in unpredictable environments. In the wild, reward loss motivates exploration and enables organisms to re-engage when success is possible. This functional interpretation combines psychological and ecological interpretations to redefine extinction as an adaptive search process and provides new insights for psychology and neuroscience. In laboratory extinction learning with non-human animals, later relapses or amplifications of the extinguished behaviour are difficult to explain. In this Perspective, Anselme and Güntürkün argue that behaviours that seem paradoxical in the laboratory are functionally meaningful for animals in the wild.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 5","pages":"352-365"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African participation in global psychological science","authors":"Kevin Durrheim","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00566-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00566-x","url":null,"abstract":"Dominant responses to concerns about the underrepresentation of African populations in psychological science have failed to address underlying asymmetries of power and knowledge production, and might inadvertently reinforce them. Meaningful participation in global psychological science should be grounded in epistemic self-determination, intra-African connectivity and open science infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 6","pages":"367-368"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychologists must be involved in building conversational AI chatbots","authors":"Xuan Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00564-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00564-z","url":null,"abstract":"Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots could democratize access to personalized learning and mental health support, but they might also exacerbate psychological risk and social isolation. Realizing their full potential requires involving psychologists in the AI industry and embedding psychological theory and empirical methods into system design, development, evaluation, and monitoring. Conversational AI chatbots could democratize access to personalized learning and mental health support, but they might also exacerbate psychological risk and social isolation. Realizing their full potential requires involving psychologists in the AI industry and embedding psychological theory and empirical methods into system design, development, evaluation, and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 5","pages":"304-306"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three decades of studying false semantic memory","authors":"Daniele Gatti","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00563-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00563-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 6","pages":"372-372"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Consensus Statement on self-knowledge conceptualization, measurement, outcomes and changeability","authors":"Isabel Thielmann, Mitja D. Back, Wiebke Bleidorn, Henryk Bukowski, Erika N. Carlson, Michael Dufner, Gabriela Hofer, Wilhelm Hofmann, Christopher J. Hopwood, Lauren J. Human, Christian H. Jordan, Joachim I. Krueger, Julia Langdon, Richard Rau, Luke D. Smillie, Nina Strohminger, Jessie Sun, Simine Vazire, Matthias Burghart, Nicole Casali, Alicia Seidl","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00554-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00554-1","url":null,"abstract":"Self-knowledge plays a central role in contemporary psychological science across various domains, including interpersonal relationships, moral behaviour and health. Despite its importance, many fundamental questions remain. We conducted a pre-registered, expert-based consensus process to address four key gaps in research on self-knowledge: its conceptualization, measurement, outcomes and changeability. Seventeen experts from diverse subfields of psychology participated in a structured Delphi process guided by four facilitators and an external advisor. The panel developed a consensus definition of self-knowledge as the extent to which a person has accurate perceptions of their own relatively stable characteristics and momentary states. Experts further agreed that self-knowledge is largely domain-specific, context-dependent in its benefits, and malleable in principle but difficult to change in practice. Measurement was identified as a central challenge, and avenues for refinement in future work were proposed. Consensus was weaker regarding the existence of a domain-general factor of self-knowledge and shared underlying processes across domains. Overall, the findings clarify where experts converge, where debates persist and what should be prioritized in future research, providing a crucial foundation for advancing the study of self-knowledge across fields. Self-knowledge plays a central role in contemporary psychological science. However, unresolved conceptual and methodological issues have hindered theoretical integration and cumulative scientific progress. In this Consensus Statement, Thielmann et al. identify gaps in four key areas of self-knowledge research: its conceptualization, measurement, outcomes and changeability.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 5","pages":"338-351"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-026-00554-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the concept of psychological trauma","authors":"Iris M. Engelhard, Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos, Richard J. McNally, Gaëtan Mertens, Mirjam van Zuiden","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00557-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00557-y","url":null,"abstract":"Over 40 years ago, post-traumatic stress disorder was recognized as a formal psychiatric diagnosis by the American Psychiatric Association and was defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders by characteristic signs and symptoms following exposure to an objectively defined traumatic event. This recognition led not only to a surge in research but also to debate about what constitutes psychological trauma. In this Review, we present the ongoing problems with the concept of ‘traumatic event’ as currently defined and link this discussion to empirical findings and theoretical models of trauma, specifically regarding direct and indirect causality, cognitive-behavioural approaches and active inference. These findings and theories have become particularly relevant in the current geopolitical and sociocultural context characterized by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing wars, racism-related stressors and the ubiquity of distressing stimuli on social media. We discuss the clinical utility of a more encompassing definition of psychological trauma, and we reflect on the positive and negative clinical and societal implications of this revised conceptualization. A scientific consensus about what the term ‘trauma’ means has so far proven elusive. In this Review, Engelhard et al. revisit clinical psychology theories and findings to advance a common understanding of the emotional, contextual and cognitive aspects of psychological trauma.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 5","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech and language in healthy ageing and Alzheimer’s dementia","authors":"Adolfo M. García","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00553-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00553-2","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy ageing involves cognitive and functional declines, including changes in speech and language abilities, many of which intensify in Alzheimer’s dementia. In this Review, I survey speech and language research in older adults with and without Alzheimer’s dementia, considering reception (listening, reading) and production (speaking). First, I introduce approaches to measuring speech and language, including neuropsychological tests, psycholinguistic paradigms, clinical linguistic assessments, and automated speech and language analysis. Second, I synthesize findings on speech and language in healthy older adults, typified by minor difficulties with motor speech, phonology and morphosyntax; reduced word-processing speed and pragmatic and discursive skills; and increases in vocabulary size. Third, I summarize results from patients with Alzheimer’s dementia, which reveal partial sparing of motor speech and phonological and morphosyntactic abilities alongside reduced vocabulary, slower word processing, and pragmatic and discursive deficits. Fourth, I highlight the potential of automated speech and language analysis for early and preclinical detection, syndrome differentiation and severity estimation in Alzheimer’s dementia. Fifth, I consider methodological shortcomings and the impact of inequitable language coverage across these studies. Last, I outline multicentric, transdisciplinary, intersectoral efforts to tackle such gaps. Healthy ageing involves cognitive and functional declines, many of which intensify in Alzheimer’s dementia. In this Review, Garcia outlines key age-related changes in speech and language abilities and how these typical changes differ from changes observed in Alzheimer’s dementia.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 5","pages":"312-326"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning to study attention where it matters most","authors":"Adi Korisky","doi":"10.1038/s44159-026-00560-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-026-00560-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"5 5","pages":"311-311"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}