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Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a cutting-edge frontier in breast cancer treatment strategies. 脂质-聚合物混合纳米颗粒:乳腺癌治疗策略的前沿。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2523730
Marwa Alawi, Ayah R Hilles, Mohit Kumar, Mohd Danish Ansari, Syed Mahmood
{"title":"Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a cutting-edge frontier in breast cancer treatment strategies.","authors":"Marwa Alawi, Ayah R Hilles, Mohit Kumar, Mohd Danish Ansari, Syed Mahmood","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2523730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2523730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide, affecting women. This review explores the potential of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) as a next-generation drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy. The review categorizes LPHNPs and discusses their unique structure, preparation methods, and applications in cancer therapy. It delves into the various methods of preparing for LPHNPs. Furthermore, it examines the application of LPHNPs in treating various cancers, focusing on breast cancer, where they have shown promise in delivering single drugs, drug combinations, and nucleic acids like siRNA and miRNA. The ability of LPHNPs to overcome drug resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy is emphasized, along with their potential for personalized medicine. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies published from 2009 to 2025. The review summarizes recent patents related to breast cancer treatment, showcasing advancements in drug delivery systems and therapeutic approaches. The conclusion underscores the transformative potential of LPHNPs in revolutionizing breast cancer treatment, provided that challenges in formulation, scalability, and long-term safety are addressed. Continued research and collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies are essential to realize the benefits of LPHNPs in personalized cancer therapy. [Figure: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1775-1798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Designing nanoparticle-based bioaffinity assays for the detection of extracellular vesicles. 设计基于纳米粒子的细胞外囊泡检测方法。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2488726
Md Khirul Islam, Imran Mahmud, Janne Leivo
{"title":"Designing nanoparticle-based bioaffinity assays for the detection of extracellular vesicles.","authors":"Md Khirul Islam, Imran Mahmud, Janne Leivo","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2488726","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2488726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1521-1524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking new frontiers: DNA nanotechnology's impact on acute kidney injury diagnosis and treatment. 开启新领域:DNA纳米技术对急性肾损伤诊断和治疗的影响。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2510192
Xue Zhou, Jingrui Yao, Liping Fan, Ning Wang, Yuanqing Tian
{"title":"Unlocking new frontiers: DNA nanotechnology's impact on acute kidney injury diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"Xue Zhou, Jingrui Yao, Liping Fan, Ning Wang, Yuanqing Tian","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2510192","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2510192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) serves as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hastens its progression. However, effective early diagnosis and treatment methods for AKI are still limited in clinical practice. There is a pressing need to develop fast, effective, and noninvasive diagnostic methods for AKI, as well as treatments that reduce nephrotoxicity. DNA nanotechnology, utilizing the programmable properties of DNA to engineer nanostructures and nanodevices, has achieved significant advancements in disease diagnosis and treatment. The application of DNA nanotechnology for kidney disease, particularly AKI, has been increasingly explored. This review encompasses the advancement of rapid and highly sensitive detection methods for AKI biomarkers, alongside the development of targeted drug delivery systems to the kidneys. These innovations facilitate precise treatment while minimizing adverse drug effects. The review underscores the progress in employing DNA nanotechnology for AKI diagnosis and treatment. Initially, we examine DNA nanotechnology-based strategies for AKI diagnosis, with an emphasis on biomarker detection. Subsequently, we delve into the therapeutic applications of DNA nanotechnology in AKI, highlighting targeted drug delivery and reduced toxicity. Finally, we offer insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with the clinical application of DNA nanotechnology in AKI management.</p>","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1637-1645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis and biocompatibility studies of 2D molybdenum carbide (MXene) nanosheets and their potential uses. 二维碳化钼(MXene)纳米片的合成、生物相容性研究及其应用前景。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2509473
Sesuraj Balasamy, Preethi Sakthivelan, Vasanth Magesh, Ashok K Sundramoorthy
{"title":"Synthesis and biocompatibility studies of 2D molybdenum carbide (MXene) nanosheets and their potential uses.","authors":"Sesuraj Balasamy, Preethi Sakthivelan, Vasanth Magesh, Ashok K Sundramoorthy","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2509473","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2509473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility and explore the potential biomedical applications of two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum carbide (Mo₂CTх) MXene.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mo₂CTх MXene was synthesized by etching Mo₂Ga₂C using a Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination (MILD) method combined with hydrofluoric acid (HF). The structural and functional characteristics of the resulting material were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and FESEM. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sonnei, while biocompatibility was evaluated through in vitro testing on A549 lung epithelial cells and in vivo analysis using zebrafish embryos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UV-Vis analysis showed characteristic absorption peaks at 220 nm and 550 nm. FT-IR confirmed the presence of surface functional groups. XRD results indicated high phase purity, and FESEM revealed a typical layered 2D morphology. Antimicrobial testing demonstrated a concentration-dependent response, with stronger inhibitory effects against S. aureus than S. sonnei. Biocompatibility studies showed high cell viability at low concentrations and no significant toxicity or morphological abnormalities in zebrafish embryos.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mo₂CTх MXene exhibits strong antimicrobial activity alongside excellent biocompatibility, highlighting its promise for biomedical applications. However, further studies focusing on long-term safety and functional surface modifications are needed to support its use in targeted therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1537-1547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging nanocarriers designed for the enhanced delivery of doxorubicin. 为增强阿霉素的递送而设计的新兴纳米载体。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2523234
Weibo Kong, Weijun Chen, Jing Hui, Lipeng Qiu
{"title":"Emerging nanocarriers designed for the enhanced delivery of doxorubicin.","authors":"Weibo Kong, Weijun Chen, Jing Hui, Lipeng Qiu","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2523234","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2523234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Doxorubicin(DOX), which is a first-line broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent remains constrained clinical efficacy by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, multidrug resistance, and systemic toxicity. Recent advancements in nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated remarkable potential to enhance tumor-specific accumulation, modulate drug release kinetics, and mitigate off-target effects through innovative engineering strategies. Contemporary nanocarrier researchers have expanded beyond conventional efforts to enhance tumor targeting and optimize drug release kinetics, which emphasizes the pathophysiological roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in mediating oncogenesis, neoplastic progression, and therapeutic resistance. This review emphasizes two pivotal strategies: (1) Structural innovation in tumor-targeting nanocarrier design through stimuli-responsive release mechanisms and molecular recognition targeting; (2) Therapeutic reprogramming of the TME via combinatorial extracellular matrix modulation. Through systematic analysis of 2019-2022 literatures from major scientific databases, this review synthesizes the advances in DOX-loaded nanocarriers targeting TME reprogramming and immunomodulation, and evaluates novel delivery platforms that overcome DOX's dose-limiting toxicity while potentiating antitumor efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1729-1744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and in vivo biodistribution of folate-targeted nanolipid system for erlotinib in breast cancer treatment. 厄洛替尼治疗乳腺癌的叶酸靶向纳米脂系统的开发和体内生物分布。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2508135
Bharti Mangla, Tabish Pathan, Pankaj Kumar, Geeta Aggarwal
{"title":"Development and <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution of folate-targeted nanolipid system for erlotinib in breast cancer treatment.","authors":"Bharti Mangla, Tabish Pathan, Pankaj Kumar, Geeta Aggarwal","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2508135","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2508135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to develop folate targeted nanolipid carrier system (FA-ERT-NLCs) and study its in vivo oral biodistribution study for its absorption mechanism.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Folic acid was conjugated through pyridine and EDC chemistry. FA-ERT-NLCs was developed by high-pressure homogenization and parameters were optimized through design expert software. FA-ERT-NLCs were evaluated through <i>in vitro</i> characterization, <i>Ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution studies. Moreover, female Wistar rats were used in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings showed that targeted NLCs were found in nanometric range (182.34 nm) with negatively charge surface and PDI was found to be -16.2 mV and 0.203. The folate content in the conjugate was measured and found to be 71.33%. The depth of ERT and FC-ERT-NLCs was found to be 20 µm and 80.2 µm in rat intestine. Developed formulation was effective against MCF-7 cell lines. The IC50 values were found to be 526.2 µg/mL for ERT and 333.7 µg/mL for FC-ERT-NLCs. FA-ERT-NLCs are absorbed through intestine by lymphatic system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed a promising targeted strategy for effective and safer breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1525-1536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multifunctional nanozymes based on MoS₂ for synergistic catalytic activity and cancer photothermal therapy. 基于MoS 2的多功能纳米酶的协同催化活性和癌症光热治疗。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2510891
Nishakavya Saravanan, Sakshi Bajhal, Johnson Thinakaran, Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
{"title":"Multifunctional nanozymes based on MoS₂ for synergistic catalytic activity and cancer photothermal therapy.","authors":"Nishakavya Saravanan, Sakshi Bajhal, Johnson Thinakaran, Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2510891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2510891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)-based nanozymes have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) in the treatment of cancer. The unique properties of two-dimensional MoS₂ such as high surface area, good biocompatibility, high photothermal conversion efficiency in the near-infrared region, catalytic activity and ability to modify their surfaces for targeted cancer therapy make them an ideal candidate for PTT-based combination therapies. MoS₂-based nanomaterials also function as nanozymes and exhibit peroxidase and Fenton-like catalytic activity within tumor cells while displaying superoxide dismutase-like activity in normal cells. Additionally, their intrinsic catalytic properties facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhance the anticancer efficacy. Hence, this review provides an in-depth examination of the structural properties, surface modifications, and atomic defects in MoS₂ nanozymes, highlighting strategies to optimize their photothermal efficiency and biocompatibility. We also explore the mechanisms of action, therapeutic outcomes, and the challenges associated with MoS₂-based nanozymes. The synergistic action of nanozymes supports their use in cancer PTT while preventing bacterial infections, highlighting the potential of MoS₂ as a multifunctional therapeutic agent. Finally, the review outlines future directions and the potential for integrating MoS₂ nanozymes into synergistic cancer treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1621-1635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research trends and hotspots of nanomaterials in inflammatory bowel disease: a bibliometric analysis. 纳米材料在炎症性肠病中的研究趋势与热点:文献计量学分析。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2527594
Wuhan Yu, Ning Liu, Ping Gui, Xiufeng Huang, Xiuyong Feng, Linxi Liu, Dandan Yang, Gaoshui Guo, Caiwen Xiong
{"title":"Research trends and hotspots of nanomaterials in inflammatory bowel disease: a bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Wuhan Yu, Ning Liu, Ping Gui, Xiufeng Huang, Xiuyong Feng, Linxi Liu, Dandan Yang, Gaoshui Guo, Caiwen Xiong","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2527594","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2527594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and nonspecific gastrointestinal disorder, imposing significant physical, emotional, and economic burdens on patients. In recent years, nanomaterials have shown great potential in the management of IBD. This study employs bibliometric analysis to map global research trends and intellectual landscapes in nanomaterials application for IBD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted on the Web of Science Core Collection database for studies pertaining to nanomaterials and IBD. Bibliometric and visual analysis of the included publications were facilitated by the utilization of Bibliometrix R, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 879 studies were included. China, the United States, and Germany are the leading countries in this field. Georgia State University emerged as the most productive institution, while Didier Merlin and Zhang Mingzhen were identified as influential core authors. International Journal of Pharmaceutics was the most productive journal, and Journal of Controlled Release was the most cited journal. Keyword analysis highlighted \"drug delivery,\" \"gut microbiota,\" \"reactive oxygen species\" and \"anti-inflammation\" as dominant research frontiers, with burst keywords such as \"polymeric nanoparticles\" and \"gut microbiotasignaling emerging trends.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore nanomaterials' transformative potential in IBD management, particularly in targeted therapies and microbiome modulation, while emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address clinical translation challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1693-1711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancing tendon healing through nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. 通过纳米颗粒给药系统促进肌腱愈合。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2488725
Emmanuela Adjei-Sowah, Sarea Y Recalde Phillips, Alayna E Loiselle, Danielle S W Benoit
{"title":"Advancing tendon healing through nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems.","authors":"Emmanuela Adjei-Sowah, Sarea Y Recalde Phillips, Alayna E Loiselle, Danielle S W Benoit","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2488725","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2488725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1517-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applications of virus-like particles in the prevention of protozoan parasite infection. 病毒样颗粒在预防原生动物寄生虫感染中的应用。
Nanomedicine (London, England) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2518915
Ki Back Chu, Fu-Shi Quan
{"title":"Applications of virus-like particles in the prevention of protozoan parasite infection.","authors":"Ki Back Chu, Fu-Shi Quan","doi":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2518915","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435889.2025.2518915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination is widely regarded as the most effective control measure for disease prevention, as demonstrated by its success against numerous infectious diseases. However, the development of vaccines to prevent parasitic diseases in humans remains a significant challenge. Despite decades of effort, malaria continues to remain as the leading cause of death among parasitic diseases in tropical regions, while chronic infections caused by <i>Leishmania</i> spp. <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, and <i>Trypanosoma</i> spp. persist in causing severe morbidity and economic loss. As climate change increasingly facilitates the spread of arthropod vectors that transmit these diseases into temperate regions, the need for effective vaccines against parasitic infections has never been greater. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines targeting infections caused by the protozoan parasites <i>T. gondii, Plasmodium</i> spp. <i>and Leishmania</i> spp. have the potential to make a significant contribution to public health. In this review, we summarize recent advances in VLP-based vaccines targeting these globally important protozoan parasites and discuss key challenges impeding their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":74240,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1573-1587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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