Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"Blue micro-/nanoplastics abundance in the environment: a double threat as a Trojan horse for a plastic-Cu-phthalocyanine pigment and an opportunity for nanoplastic detection via micro-Raman spectroscopy†","authors":"Ioana Cârdan, Ion Nesterovschi, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran and Simona Cîntă Pînzaru","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00820K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00820K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Blue plastics, whether macro- or micro-sized, are intriguingly frequently reported in significant numbers of studies dealing with the contamination of environmental waters or living organisms with microplastics. In our recent investigations on microplastics in environmental waters, we noted abundant blue microfibers and fragments, whose identification was achieved <em>via</em> Raman spectroscopy. Still widely used in the plastics industry, despite awareness raised at a global level, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), a blue pigment carried by abundantly used blue plastics, like a “Trojan horse”, is a secondary threat (after plastics) in the trophic chain, being highly resistant to a broad range of conditions. Here, the newly discovered resonance Raman (RR) signal of the blue pigment CuPc embedded in environmentally aged plastics allowed us to lower the minimum size of detectable nanoplastics <em>via</em> micro-Raman spectroscopy down to 500 nm. In addition, we demonstrated nanoplastics detection solely <em>via</em> the CuPc RR signal, a result subsequently validated using SEM–EDX. Based on a visible-NIR Raman spectroscopy investigation of isolated synthetic CuPc compounds, we discussed the observed changes in pigment spectra in blue plastic waste aged for an estimated 20 years, consisting of highly brittle ropes knotted in fishing nets and harvested <em>via</em> scuba diving from the seabed. Thus, the fate of CuPc in environmentally aged blue plastics could provide robust analytical opportunities when studying the impact of aged, blue-coloured plastics at various levels, due to its persistent, selective and specific RR signal. The results are crucial for expanding the capability of Raman tools for further tracking the micro-to-nanoplastic degradation of waste along the trophic chain, improving our understanding of its impact on living organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2357-2370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00820k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-enabled soil management for sustainable agriculture: interactions, challenges, and prospects","authors":"Mohamed E. A. Elsayed, Haytham A. Ayoub, Mohamed I. D. Helal, Wenjing Sang, Zheng Shen and Islam A. Abdelhafeez","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00943F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00943F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nanotechnology has significant potential to improve the quality of life through its applications in numerous fields, including the agricultural sector. Recently, many applications of nanotechnology in agriculture have emerged, focusing on crop production and protection, with an emphasis on nano-fertilizers, nano-irrigation, and nano-enabled remediation strategies for contaminated soils. The functionalization of nanomaterials is a growing solution to solve many agricultural problems due to the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, such as their superior performance and benefits in different fields compared to traditional materials. Recently, numerous studies have reported the promising effects of nanotechnologies on the agricultural sector. This review aims to provide an overview of state-of-the-art sustainable nanotechnologies in soil management. The production routes and features of nanomaterials applicable in agricultural areas will be briefly described. The application of nanotechnology in soil management will be discussed in detail, including interaction mechanisms, nanomaterial classification, and various implementations related to soil remediation, fertility and nano-irrigation systems. The challenges associated with the application of nanotechnology in soil will also be presented. Finally, prospective trends will be suggested for maximizing nanotechnology performance and enhancing soil quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2128-2153"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00943f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) on growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism of Microcystis aeruginosa†","authors":"Qianqian Xiang, Zhihao Ju, Renhong Zhu, Minmin Niu, Yuanyuan Lin and Xuexiu Chang","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01074D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01074D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The potential ecotoxicity of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> (MXene) is becoming a growing concern due to its widespread use in the field of environmental remediation. Unfortunately, little is known about the toxic effects and mechanisms of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> on aquatic phytoplankton. Herein, we investigated the influence of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> on the growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism of the phytoplankton <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> using conventional toxicological and metabolomics methods. Results showed that Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> had a dose-dependent effect on the physiological ecology of <em>M. aeruginosa</em>. Although low Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> concentrations (≤1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) did not significantly change the <em>M. aeruginosa</em> growth, oxidative status, and cell morphology, high concentrations (≥5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) substantially reduced its proliferation and photosynthetic capacity. The metabolomics results showed that low (1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) and high (5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> concentrations induced the expression of 43 and 128 differential metabolites in <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, respectively, which were mainly enriched in the amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. These results suggest that Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> resulted in metabolic disorders in <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, such as porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, thereby inhibiting the photosynthetic activity of <em>M. aeruginosa</em> and ultimately leading to a decrease in algal growth. This study provides new insights into the toxicity mechanism of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> against <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, which helps us understand the potential risks of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> in the aquatic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2242-2252"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cr(iii)-incorporated Fe(iii) hydroxides for enhanced redox conversion of As(iii) and Cr(vi) in acidic solution†","authors":"Juanjuan Liu, Xubo Gao, Chong Dai, Suona Zhang, Shuqiong Kong, Lin Wang and Yandi Hu","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01068J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01068J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Impurity-containing iron hydroxides, abundant in many natural and engineered soil and aqueous environments, control the fate and transport of multiple aqueous contaminants. Fe(<small>III</small>) hydroxide was reported to simultaneously detoxicate As(<small>III</small>) and Cr(<small>VI</small>). However, the mechanisms and reaction intermediates are not clear, and the effects of impurities in ferrihydrite were far from being well understood. Here, Cr(<small>III</small>)-incorporated Fe(<small>III</small>) hydroxides were precipitated from acidic solutions (pH ∼ 3.0) with varied Fe(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>III</small>) molar ratios (10 : 0 to 8 : 2) for simultaneous removal of As(<small>III</small>) and Cr(<small>VI</small>). Multiple characterization techniques were combined to investigate the effects of Cr-incorporation on the size, band gap, adsorption, and catalytic efficiency of Fe hydroxides. With the amounts of Cr-incorporation increasing, the particle size of Fe hydroxides rapidly decreased (from 16.7 to 6.0 nm), and the removal of total As/Cr increased, as the Cr-incorporated Fe hydroxides with smaller size had larger surface area, promoting As/Cr removal by adsorption. Based on As/Cr speciation analysis of both aqueous and solid phases, the molar ratios of the oxidized As(<small>III</small>) (88%) to reduced Cr(<small>VI</small>) (∼56%) were calculated to be ∼1.5, indicating that the coupled redox conversion was the dominant removal mechanism over As(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>VI</small>) adsorption and As(<small>III</small>) oxidation. Intermediate characterization and molecular simulation found that Cr-incorporation promoted the early formation of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> and Cr(<small>V</small>) intermediates, and enhanced the adsorption of reaction intermediates on Cr-incorporated Fe hydroxides, thus promoting their catalytic efficiency for coupled As(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>VI</small>) redox reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 3","pages":" 2064-2075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of Co(ii), Ni(ii) and Zn(ii) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at circumneutral pH†","authors":"Katie E. B. O'Neill, Jagannath Biswakarma, Rich Crane and James M. Byrne","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01176G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01176G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Growing demand for metals, particularly those with irreplaceable utility within renewable energy technology dictates an urgent demand for the development of new innovative approaches for their extraction from primary and secondary sources. In this study, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were investigated for their ability to remove cobalt (Co<small>²⁺</small>), nickel (Ni<small>²⁺</small>), and zinc (Zn<small>²⁺</small>) ions from neutral pH aqueous solutions under anoxic conditions. A MNP suspension (1 g L<small>⁻¹</small> or 5 g L<small>⁻¹</small>) was exposed to varying concentrations of Co(<small>II</small>), Ni(<small>II</small>), and Zn(<small>II</small>) (10–1000 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) in both single and mixed systems for 48 hours at pH 7.0 ± 0.1. Results show that MNPs can remove these ions to low concentrations (<em>K</em><small>_d</small> values: Zn: 0.07 L g<small>⁻¹</small>; Co: 0.02 L g<small>⁻¹</small>; and Ni: 0.01 L g<small>⁻¹</small> in single metal systems). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed relatively homogenous surface coverage of MNPs by each metal, while X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) measurements determined sorption <em>via</em> the formation of coordinate bonds between the sorbed metals and surface oxygen atoms (Fe–O). Overall, our results show that MNPs can serve as an effective and reusable sorbent for Zn, Ni and Co ions from circumneutral pH waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2371-2382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en01176g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical heterogeneity observed in the development of photo-oxidized PET micro- and nanoparticle weathered controls†","authors":"John Pettibone, Song-Syun Jhang, Eric Windsor, Tae Joon Cho, Thomas P. Forbes, Ying Tung Kuo, Lipiin Sung and Justin M. Gorham","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00841C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00841C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Determining unknown secondary micro and nanoplastic (MNP) composition remains a persistent analytical challenge for field collected samples. The availability of material standards should accelerate method development for improved identification. Here, ultraviolet irradiated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and particles were used as models for investigating the production of weathered controls. We investigated the weathered products' chemical signatures, their stability during sampling and examination, and reproducible production of the chemical distributions using commonly reported analytical approaches for small plastic particles. We found that both conditions during irradiation and the processing procedure used for MNP production significantly contribute to changes in product distribution and the persistence of the oxidized products within the particles. Measurements were also conducted directly on MNP powders after UV-exposure to minimize any possible perturbations in product distribution from sample handling and processing. Using the model PET system, differences in sensitivity for commonly used techniques and methods were compared and discussion on relative performance for detection sensitivity was provided. Together, these findings revealed unreported pitfalls affecting accurate identification of chemically modified MNP materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2234-2241"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00841c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Emerging investigator series: quantitative insights into the relationship between the concentrations and SERS intensities of neonicotinoids in water","authors":"Shengdong Liu, James Lazarcik and Haoran Wei","doi":"10.1039/D5EN90005K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN90005K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Emerging investigator series: quantitative insights into the relationship between the concentrations and SERS intensities of neonicotinoids in water’ by Shengdong Liu <em>et al.</em>, <em>Environ. Sci.: Nano</em>, 2024, <strong>11</strong>, 3294–3300, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EN00221K.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 3","pages":" 2114-2114"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d5en90005k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ Raman studying the microstructure and function of FeIV species in advanced oxidation processes†","authors":"Chunwan Wang, Shiwei Li, Yun Zhang, Xiaoling Zhang, Wei Ran and Rui Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01066C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01066C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the efficient and stable pollutant degradation properties, Fe<small>^IV</small> species from Fe-based single-atom catalysts (Fe-SACs) have garnered significant interest in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, the microstructure and function of Fe<small>^IV</small> species in these processes remain contentious. In this study, we developed Au@SiO<small>₂</small>@Fe-SACs and utilized a combination of <em>in situ</em> surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and synchrotron radiation techniques to elucidate the structure and functional mechanisms of Fe<small>^IV</small> species during AOPs. Our findings demonstrated that Fe-SACs with an Fe<small>^II</small>N<small>₄</small> structure were loaded on Au@SiO<small>₂</small> to obtain Au@SiO<small>₂</small>@Fe-SACs. During PMS oxidation, a Raman peak associated with the Fe–O bonds appeared at 837 cm<small>⁻¹</small> along with blue-shifts of Fe–N bonds from 183 cm<small>⁻¹</small> and 322 cm<small>⁻¹</small> to 191 cm<small>⁻¹</small> and 335 cm<small>⁻¹</small>, proving the generation of Fe<small>^IV</small> species. Specifically, the elongation of the Fe–O bond displaced the Fe atom from the NC plane, resulting in an extension of the Fe–N bond length from 1.88 Å to 1.93 Å. Furthermore, the Fe<small>^IV</small> species directly oxidized typical pollutant phenol through a direct oxidation transformation pathway (DOTP) within a wide pH range of 3 to 9. They exhibited a significant increase in removal efficiency of phenol compared to the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from activated H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> and effective reduction of total organic carbon (TOC). This study offers critical insights into the structural and functional attributes of Fe<small>^IV</small> species, providing valuable guidance for the design of more efficient Fe-SACs in AOPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2297-2308"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced VOC recycling by nano-Fe/FeOx decorated nanoporous carbon†","authors":"Weiping Zhang, Xiong Xiao, Xiaoqin Wang, Hongli Liu, Xingye Zeng and Taicheng An","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00019J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00019J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The recycling of industrial VOCs has attracted enormous interest for its significant roles in mitigating VOC emissions and reducing human and environmental risks. Here, we report a highly efficient multifunctional Fe/FeO<small>_<em>x</em></small>/NPC adsorbent, which shows high adsorption capacity for toluene (200 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>) and ethyl acetate (154 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>) and 100% regeneration efficiency without deactivation after five cycles. By introducing nano-Fe/FeO<small>_<em>x</em></small>, the <em>S</em><small>_BET</small> and pore volume of NPC are increased from 163.66 m<small>²</small> g<small>⁻¹</small> and 0.142 mL g<small>⁻¹</small> to 361.30 m<small>²</small> g<small>⁻¹</small> and 0.22 mL g<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. It is achieved by a multifunctional adsorbent that provides efficient adsorption and thermal effect sites (Fe<small>⁰</small>, FeO<small>_<em>x</em></small> and graphitic carbon), which cooperatively facilitates adsorption–regeneration. More significantly, the thermal effect sites and diverse pore structures play a crucial role in the successive and synergetic separation and desorption of VOCs from the multifunctional adsorbent. The thermal effect sites on Fe/FeO<small>_<em>x</em></small>/NPC can effectively inhibit the conversion of the thermal activation reaction of VOCs into high-boiling carbonates, thereby avoiding the formation of heel build-up and deactivation of adsorbents. Our research introduces an efficient VOC recycling approach enabled by subtle control of VOC regeneration on a multifunctional interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2309-2319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of metal/bio-based nanopesticides: plant growth, soil environment, and non-target organisms†","authors":"Jiabao Wu, Ningke Fan, Huimin Liao, Yejia Zhang, Zhenggao Xiao and Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00941J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00941J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The increasing use of nanopesticides in agriculture has raised concerns about their potential environmental health risks. Herein, we evaluate and compare the effects of metal-based nano-copper oxide (nCuO) and bio-based nano-chitosan (nCS) on tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) plant growth, soil environment, and non-target organisms (tadpoles). Our results showed that both nCS and nCuO significantly enhanced tomato seedling elongation, shoot and root biomass. Regarding soil health, the low concentration of nCS (10 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, nCS10) and nCuO (0.1 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, nCuO0.1) did not affect soil pH, but nCS10 increased soil total carbon (28.0%) and total nitrogen content (64.9%), and nCuO0.1 resulted in an increase in Cu content (104.5%) and a decrease in sulfur content. For high concentrations, nCuO (1 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, nCuO1) and nCS (100 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, nCS100) both led to a reduction in sulfur content without significantly impacting soil enzyme activity. Besides, nCS increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (<em>Aeromicrobium</em> and <em>Streptomyces</em>) without impairing soil microbial functions, whereas nCuO increased the abundance of <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em>, and <em>Lysobacter</em>, as well as decreased <em>Iamia</em>, <em>Altererythrobacter</em>, and <em>Vicinamibacteraceae</em>, crucial for nutrient cycling, in turn undermining soil metabolic processes. In terms of non-target organism toxicity, although nCS100 exposure induced CAT decline and MDA increase resulting in lower survival rates (50.2%) of tadpoles than nCuO1 exposure (63.2%), both treatments had higher survival rates than conventional pesticides (copper guanidine acetate). Altogether, our research underscores the multifaceted risks of nanopesticides on plants, soils, and organisms, offering valuable perspectives for their potential use and the advancement of safer, environmentally friendly alternatives to nanopesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2285-2296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}