Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"Cyanobacteria-derived biochar supported ZIF-8-derived ZnS–NC for superior peroxymonosulfate activation to remove 4-chlorophenol from wastewater†","authors":"Ronghan Wang, Qingkai Shi, Wenjun Wang, Guangfu Wang, Yang Liu, Jun Wang, Chengyun Zhou, Min Cheng, Weiping Xiong and Dongbo Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00004A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00004A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Eutrophication of water bodies caused by cyanobacteria is a headache in water treatment nowadays, and the treatment of harvested cyanobacteria creates another difficult problem. Fortunately, cyanobacteria can produce biochar (BC) through pyrolysis, but the catalytic performance of BC is clearly unsatisfactory. Metal–organic frameworks, materials with multiple active centers, are naturally combined with BC for superior functional materials. In this study, ZnS–NC/BC was obtained by <em>in situ</em> growth of ZIF-8 on cyanobacteria-derived biochar and subsequent sulfur-doped pyrolysis. Characterization indicated that ZIF-8 was successfully uniformly loaded onto the BC substrate and transformed into ZnS-loaded N-doped graphitic carbon during the subsequent pyrolysis process. In the performance evaluation, ZnS–NC/BC-1 showed excellent peroxymonosulfate activation performance and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) removal capability. Subsequently, it turned out that <small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small> dominated the degradation of 4-CP in the system. Furthermore, it was exciting to note that the system exhibited good resistance to various factors, including pH, inorganic anions, and humic acids. In addition, the removal of 4-CP and dissolved organic matter proceeded well even in natural water and sewage effluent. The degradation pathway of 4-CP was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to be two, namely the degradation pathway and the polymerization pathway. In addition, the toxicity of the intermediates showed a general trend of detoxification, proving the toxicological feasibility. In conclusion, a feasible solution for the synergistic development of solid waste and water treatment was provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2407-2420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of chlortetracycline over montmorillonite/g-C3N4 composite: kinetic insights, degradation pathways and ecotoxicity evaluation†","authors":"Qi Xu, Xu Du, Qin Zhou, Lian Yang, Kuixiao Li, Wei Wang, Gang Wang, Guisheng Xu and Feng Xiao","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00050E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00050E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photocatalytic oxidation technology is recognized as an effective method for removing antibiotics from wastewater. In this work, a novel montmorillonite/graphitic carbon nitride (Mt/g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small>) composite was synthesized <em>via</em> a facile thermal polycondensation approach. The optimal 1% Mt/g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small> photocatalyst demonstrated an excellent chlortetracycline (CTC) degradation rate of 0.0353 min<small>⁻¹</small> under visible light, which is about 42% higher than pristine g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small>. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and radical quenching experiments revealed that the ·O<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> plays the most significant role in the photocatalytic oxidation of CTC, while ·OH, <small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small> and h<small>⁺</small> also contribute, but not in dominant places. This study elucidates the mechanism by which the photocatalytic activity is enhanced. The improvements are ascribed to the extended absorption of visible light, efficient charge separation, and the inhibition of photo-induced electron–hole pair recombination, following the successful intercalation of g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small> nanosheets into montmorillonite layers. Additionally, HPLC-QTOF-MS was employed to identify the transformation products of CTC, and the primary degradation pathways were elucidated. Furthermore, the ecotoxicity of the transformation products was evaluated using ECOSAR software.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2462-2472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis to mitigate salinity stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants and enhance physiological activities","authors":"Hetvi Naik, Salim Manoharadas, Narayanasamy Bommayasamy, John Thomas, Muthukaruppan Gobi, Sahab Ram Dewala and Natarajan Amaresan","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01184H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01184H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Salinity stress significantly affects rice production worldwide. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of bacteria-mediated synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to mitigate salinity stress in rice. IONPs were characterized using DLS, UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD and revealed 30–40 nm particles with cubic and spherical morphologies. Greenhouse studies showed enhanced growth parameters in IONP-treated plants under both normal and salt stress conditions. Treatment with 100 ppm IONPs under salinity stress resulted in enhanced shoot length (278.6%), root length (122.9%), and wet weight (180.0%) compared to the control plants. Similarly, post-harvest analysis revealed that IONPs improved chlorophyll content (206.8%), reduced proline accumulation (43.9–56% decrease), and modulated superoxide dismutase activity (9.2–22.6% decrease) compared to the control plants. Furthermore, IONPs enhanced soil dehydrogenase activity (185.5–479.5%) under salt stress, which indicated improved soil microbial activity. In addition, treatment with IONPs significantly reduced the accumulation of Na<small>⁺</small> (58.49%) and Cl<small>⁻</small> (35.5%) ions in rice plants and enhanced the availability of soil nitrogen and phosphorus compared with the salt-stressed control. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that these effects might be mediated by the modulation of peroxisomal functions. This study demonstrated the potential of IONPs as a promising tool for enhancing rice crop performance under saline conditions with implications for sustainable agriculture in salt-affected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2421-2435"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between extracellular polymeric substances and engineered nanoparticles in aquatic systems and their environmental effects: a comprehensive review","authors":"Xuan Gao, Haozhe Zhang, Xiaonan Zhang, Chaozhi Zhang, Chenxi Mao, Shengdao Shan, Fang Wei, Monika Mortimer and Jing Fang","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00073D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00073D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are secreted during the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, can be adsorbed onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) to form an EPS corona. The presence of EPS corona can significantly alter the environmental processes and toxicity of NPs in aquatic systems. Firstly, this review thoroughly summarizes the interactions between EPS and engineered NPs, including the major interaction mechanisms and their corresponding representative interaction modes, <em>i.e.</em>, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, hydrophobic interaction, chemical bonding, hydrogen bonding, and cation bridging. Currently, classical kinetic and thermodynamic models are considered to be suitable for describing the adsorption of EPS on most NPs. Next, the main environmental processes of NPs influenced by EPS, including their dispersion/aggregation, chemical transformation, and sorption capability, are discussed. Due to the alteration of the above-mentioned environmental processes of NPs, EPS can influence the toxicity effects of NPs on aquatic organisms. The influencing mechanisms of two types of EPS (soluble EPS, S-EPS and bound EPS, B-EPS) on the toxicity of NPs are separately summarized. It is concluded that both types of EPS play their respective roles in influencing the toxicity of NPs. Finally, the subsequent change of microbial EPS secretion influenced by NPs is addressed. As an external stress, NPs exposure has been proven to affect the amount and composition of EPS secretion. However, the mechanism of EPS-NPs interactions needs to be further investigated. We suggest that the vital role of EPS on the transfer of NPs through trophic levels in aquatic systems under long-term exposure should be further examined. Moreover, the correlation between the changes in EPS secretion and NPs toxicity is still unknown. We suggest that advanced <em>in situ</em> analytical techniques and molecular biological technologies should be applied to investigate the effect of EPS on the environmental behavior of NPs. The information provided in this study will enhance our understanding of the crucial role of EPS in determining the biological effects of NPs and contribute to a better assessment of the ecological risks of NPs in aquatic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2177-2192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable staining of microplastics using conjugated polymer nanoparticles†","authors":"H. Peace, M. Broadsmith, D. O'Callaghan, D. Kaloudis, R. L. Coppock and M. Green","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00026B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00026B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics are a recognised global pollutant, contaminating almost all aspects of our daily life, the detection of which primarily relies on visual inspection. The use of a stable and consistent imaging agent is therefore of paramount importance. In this report, we describe the use of conjugated polymer nanoparticles as staining agents, which can, in specific cases, provide a positive stain up to 30 months after initial marking.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2229-2233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d5en00026b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(lactic acid) nanoplastics through laser ablation: establishing a reference model for mimicking biobased nanoplastics in aquatic environments†","authors":"Malavika Manju Sudheer, Arezou Fazli, Stefania Sganga, Nicola Tirelli, Riccardo Carzino, Marina Veronesi, Kirill Khabarov, Athanassia Athanassiou and Despina Fragouli","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00891J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00891J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the well-documented negative environmental impacts of conventional plastics, the use of bioplastics has been increasing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is currently among the most common and industrially available bioplastics. Although PLA is compostable under industrial conditions and generally degrades more quickly than conventional plastics, its breakdown in typical environmental settings remains problematic. PLA's potential to contribute to plastic pollution, by releasing microplastics and nanoplastics, makes it crucial to understand how these particles behave, especially in marine environments. However, as for all nanoplastics, identifying, isolating, and quantifying PLA nanoplastics in water presents significant challenges. This study proposes a versatile approach to fabricate PLA nanoplastics through laser ablation in a water environment to mimic real-world samples. Commencing with bulk PLA films, this top-down method yields the formation of nanoplastics with an average diameter of 54.7 ± 26.7 nm. Surface and chemical analyses confirm the presence of carboxylic groups on their surface, potentially resembling the environmental degradation pathway of PLA under exposure to sunlight and humid environments. This indicates that the proposed process results in a PLA nanoplastics system that serves as an invaluable reference model, enabling realistic environmental scenario explorations and simulations for risk assessment evaluations on bio-based nanoplastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2395-2406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00891j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue micro-/nanoplastics abundance in the environment: a double threat as a Trojan horse for a plastic-Cu-phthalocyanine pigment and an opportunity for nanoplastic detection via micro-Raman spectroscopy†","authors":"Ioana Cârdan, Ion Nesterovschi, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran and Simona Cîntă Pînzaru","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00820K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00820K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Blue plastics, whether macro- or micro-sized, are intriguingly frequently reported in significant numbers of studies dealing with the contamination of environmental waters or living organisms with microplastics. In our recent investigations on microplastics in environmental waters, we noted abundant blue microfibers and fragments, whose identification was achieved <em>via</em> Raman spectroscopy. Still widely used in the plastics industry, despite awareness raised at a global level, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), a blue pigment carried by abundantly used blue plastics, like a “Trojan horse”, is a secondary threat (after plastics) in the trophic chain, being highly resistant to a broad range of conditions. Here, the newly discovered resonance Raman (RR) signal of the blue pigment CuPc embedded in environmentally aged plastics allowed us to lower the minimum size of detectable nanoplastics <em>via</em> micro-Raman spectroscopy down to 500 nm. In addition, we demonstrated nanoplastics detection solely <em>via</em> the CuPc RR signal, a result subsequently validated using SEM–EDX. Based on a visible-NIR Raman spectroscopy investigation of isolated synthetic CuPc compounds, we discussed the observed changes in pigment spectra in blue plastic waste aged for an estimated 20 years, consisting of highly brittle ropes knotted in fishing nets and harvested <em>via</em> scuba diving from the seabed. Thus, the fate of CuPc in environmentally aged blue plastics could provide robust analytical opportunities when studying the impact of aged, blue-coloured plastics at various levels, due to its persistent, selective and specific RR signal. The results are crucial for expanding the capability of Raman tools for further tracking the micro-to-nanoplastic degradation of waste along the trophic chain, improving our understanding of its impact on living organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2357-2370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00820k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-enabled soil management for sustainable agriculture: interactions, challenges, and prospects","authors":"Mohamed E. A. Elsayed, Haytham A. Ayoub, Mohamed I. D. Helal, Wenjing Sang, Zheng Shen and Islam A. Abdelhafeez","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00943F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00943F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nanotechnology has significant potential to improve the quality of life through its applications in numerous fields, including the agricultural sector. Recently, many applications of nanotechnology in agriculture have emerged, focusing on crop production and protection, with an emphasis on nano-fertilizers, nano-irrigation, and nano-enabled remediation strategies for contaminated soils. The functionalization of nanomaterials is a growing solution to solve many agricultural problems due to the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, such as their superior performance and benefits in different fields compared to traditional materials. Recently, numerous studies have reported the promising effects of nanotechnologies on the agricultural sector. This review aims to provide an overview of state-of-the-art sustainable nanotechnologies in soil management. The production routes and features of nanomaterials applicable in agricultural areas will be briefly described. The application of nanotechnology in soil management will be discussed in detail, including interaction mechanisms, nanomaterial classification, and various implementations related to soil remediation, fertility and nano-irrigation systems. The challenges associated with the application of nanotechnology in soil will also be presented. Finally, prospective trends will be suggested for maximizing nanotechnology performance and enhancing soil quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2128-2153"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00943f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) on growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism of Microcystis aeruginosa†","authors":"Qianqian Xiang, Zhihao Ju, Renhong Zhu, Minmin Niu, Yuanyuan Lin and Xuexiu Chang","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01074D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01074D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The potential ecotoxicity of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> (MXene) is becoming a growing concern due to its widespread use in the field of environmental remediation. Unfortunately, little is known about the toxic effects and mechanisms of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> on aquatic phytoplankton. Herein, we investigated the influence of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> on the growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism of the phytoplankton <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> using conventional toxicological and metabolomics methods. Results showed that Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> had a dose-dependent effect on the physiological ecology of <em>M. aeruginosa</em>. Although low Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> concentrations (≤1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) did not significantly change the <em>M. aeruginosa</em> growth, oxidative status, and cell morphology, high concentrations (≥5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) substantially reduced its proliferation and photosynthetic capacity. The metabolomics results showed that low (1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) and high (5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> concentrations induced the expression of 43 and 128 differential metabolites in <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, respectively, which were mainly enriched in the amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. These results suggest that Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> resulted in metabolic disorders in <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, such as porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, thereby inhibiting the photosynthetic activity of <em>M. aeruginosa</em> and ultimately leading to a decrease in algal growth. This study provides new insights into the toxicity mechanism of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> against <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, which helps us understand the potential risks of Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> in the aquatic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2242-2252"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cr(iii)-incorporated Fe(iii) hydroxides for enhanced redox conversion of As(iii) and Cr(vi) in acidic solution†","authors":"Juanjuan Liu, Xubo Gao, Chong Dai, Suona Zhang, Shuqiong Kong, Lin Wang and Yandi Hu","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01068J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01068J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Impurity-containing iron hydroxides, abundant in many natural and engineered soil and aqueous environments, control the fate and transport of multiple aqueous contaminants. Fe(<small>III</small>) hydroxide was reported to simultaneously detoxicate As(<small>III</small>) and Cr(<small>VI</small>). However, the mechanisms and reaction intermediates are not clear, and the effects of impurities in ferrihydrite were far from being well understood. Here, Cr(<small>III</small>)-incorporated Fe(<small>III</small>) hydroxides were precipitated from acidic solutions (pH ∼ 3.0) with varied Fe(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>III</small>) molar ratios (10 : 0 to 8 : 2) for simultaneous removal of As(<small>III</small>) and Cr(<small>VI</small>). Multiple characterization techniques were combined to investigate the effects of Cr-incorporation on the size, band gap, adsorption, and catalytic efficiency of Fe hydroxides. With the amounts of Cr-incorporation increasing, the particle size of Fe hydroxides rapidly decreased (from 16.7 to 6.0 nm), and the removal of total As/Cr increased, as the Cr-incorporated Fe hydroxides with smaller size had larger surface area, promoting As/Cr removal by adsorption. Based on As/Cr speciation analysis of both aqueous and solid phases, the molar ratios of the oxidized As(<small>III</small>) (88%) to reduced Cr(<small>VI</small>) (∼56%) were calculated to be ∼1.5, indicating that the coupled redox conversion was the dominant removal mechanism over As(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>VI</small>) adsorption and As(<small>III</small>) oxidation. Intermediate characterization and molecular simulation found that Cr-incorporation promoted the early formation of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> and Cr(<small>V</small>) intermediates, and enhanced the adsorption of reaction intermediates on Cr-incorporated Fe hydroxides, thus promoting their catalytic efficiency for coupled As(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>VI</small>) redox reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 3","pages":" 2064-2075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}