Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"Nanotechnology for oil spill response and cleanup in coastal regions","authors":"Huifang Bi, Catherine N. Mulligan, Kenneth Lee, Baiyu Zhang, Zhi Chen and Chunjiang An","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00954A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00954A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oil spills frequently cause devastating impacts on coastal ecosystems and communities. Spill response methods for coastal regions, such as spill-treating agents, sorbents, and bioremediation, may face constraints due to environmental concerns, limited absorption capacity, and low effectiveness. Fortunately, the emergence of nanomaterials with unique properties has introduced promising solutions for coastal oil spill remediation. These nanomaterials have shown great potential in oil removal, recovery, and degradation through different mechanisms. Nanoparticles or nanocomposites can interact with spilled oil by breaking it into small droplets and forming stable Pickering emulsions. They can also remove oil from water by absorption, adsorption, or in combination with both due to their large surface area and numerous sorption sites. Furthermore, some nanomaterials possess catalytic activity to speed up the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons into less harmful compounds. Moreover, the introduction of nanomaterials can be beneficial for bacteria proliferation, nutrient supply, and maintenance of favorable conditions, thereby accelerating the oil biodegradation process by microorganisms. In this perspective, we discussed the interactions between nanomaterials and oil, as well as their applications in various coastal oil spill response methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 1","pages":" 41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing MOF-based green nanomaterials for enhanced pathogen resistance and pesticide degradation in tomato plants†","authors":"Shoaib Khan, Aoxue Wang, Jiayin Liu, Iltaf Khan, Samreen Sadiq, Aftab Khan, Waleed Yaseen, Saeed Zaman, Abdul Mueed and Yuanyang Miao","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00966E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00966E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Over the past few years, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have played a crucial role in the agriculture sector. Notably, among different types of nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention owing to their porosity, organic composition, biocompatibility, and tailored structural and compositional properties. In this research work, we have effectively prepared four types of MOFs including ZIF-8, ZIF-67, PFC 6, and PFC-7. Interestingly, among all the prepared MOFs, ZIF-67 exhibited exceptional performance. With the aim to further improve the efficacy of ZIF-67, we decorated it with SnO<small>₂</small>. Among the as-prepared samples, the optimal sample 5SnO<small>₂</small>/ZIF-67 nanocomposite exhibited exceptional efficiency in terms of its high chemical and thermal stability, large surface area, selective antipathogenic activities, high catalytic activities, and disease resistance properties. Based on our various characterization techniques, such as XRD, DRS, PL, FS, BET, FT-IR, and RAMAN, it has been confirmed that the incorporation of SnO<small>₂</small> into ZIF-67 leads to adjustments in band gaps, enhanced stability, modulated photo-electrons, large surface area, abundant active sites, and upgraded adsorption and selectivity for antipathogenic and pesticide degradation activities. As compared to pure ZIF-67, the most active sample 5SnO<small>₂</small>@ZIF-67 showed ∼4.5 and ∼2.6 times significant improvement for glyphosate (GLY) and acephate (ACPH) degradation, respectively. Remarkably, our prepared samples also offered potent performances against various pathogens in Luria–Bertani medium. Based on the scavenger tests, ·OH and O<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> are respectively responsible for GLY and ACPH decomposition. Accordingly, the activity improvement mechanism and biochemical pathways are proposed. Finally, our novel research work will provide a gateway for the fabrication of MOF-based green nanomaterials that will unlock a wide range of opportunities and applications in antipathogenic and pesticide degradation activities and tomato plant growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 2","pages":" 1186-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly selective capture of palladium from acidic solution by sulfur-functionalized porous carbon microspheres: performance and mechanism†","authors":"Mingyue Wang, Ruiwen Liang, Lanchao Kou, Xiukun Cao and Dezhi Chen","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00738G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00738G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient recovery of palladium (Pd) from waste sources is of paramount importance due to its limited natural reserves and potential environmental hazards. Herein, a carbon sorbent, namely sulfur-functionalized porous carbon microspheres (SPCMs), was used to selectively capture Pd(<small>II</small>) from acidic solution. SPCMs exhibited high efficiency for the adsorption separation of Pd(<small>II</small>) from 0.5 M to 6 M HNO<small>₃</small> solution. The adsorption kinetics of Pd(<small>II</small>) matched well with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption reached equilibrium after 130 minutes and the adsorption capacity of Pd(<small>II</small>) was 79.3 mg g<small>⁻¹</small> in 1 M HNO<small>₃</small> solution. The Freundlich isotherm model exhibited a better description of the Pd(<small>II</small>) adsorption, suggesting that the Pd(<small>II</small>) adsorption is a multilayer adsorption process. SPCMs showed a high selectivity for the capture of Pd(<small>II</small>) in simulated acidic wastewater with 26 metal ions, and the selectivity increased with the increase of HNO<small>₃</small> concentration. The adsorption capacity per US dollar of Pd(<small>II</small>) by SPCMs from HNO<small>₃</small> solution is much higher than those of previously reported sorbents, exhibiting a high economic viability of SPCMs for Pd(<small>II</small>) capture from acidic solution. The adsorbed Pd(<small>II</small>) could be desorbed using 1.0 M thiourea and 0.1 M HNO<small>₃</small>, and the SPCM sorbent maintained a high adsorption capacity after five adsorption–desorption cycles. Characterization and theoretical calculations revealed that the adsorption of Pd(<small>II</small>) on the SPCM sorbent is dominated by the coordination of [Pd(NO<small>₃</small>)<small>₂</small>] with O/S containing groups and some of the Pd(<small>II</small>) is reduced to Pd(0). The excellent adsorption performance of SPCMs provides a feasible and low-cost strategy for the selective recovery of Pd(<small>II</small>) from acidic wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 1","pages":" 924-935"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed laser deposition of delafossite oxide thin films on YSZ (001) substrates as solar water splitting photocathodes†","authors":"Chenyu Zhou, Atiya Banerjee, Esteban Luis Fornero, Zhaoyi Xi, Xiao Tong, Eli Stavitski, Xiaohui Qu, Sara E. Mason, Dario J. Stacchiola and Mingzhao Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00706A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00706A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Development of solar energy converters with earth-abundant and environmentally friendly materials is one of the key routes explored towards a sustainable future. In this work, crystalline delafossite-phase CuAlO<small>₂</small> and CuFeO<small>₂</small> thin film solar water splitting photocathodes were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition. It was found that the desired delafossite phase was formed only after high temperature annealing in an oxygen-free atmosphere. The homogeneous delafossite bulk structure of the films was determined by correlating simulation results from first-principles calculations with synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Both CuAlO<small>₂</small> and CuFeO<small>₂</small> photocathodes are active for solar water splitting, with the latter more efficient due to its narrower band gap and improved light absorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 1","pages":" 241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting the growth of rice and reducing the accumulation of Cd in rice by pig bedding derived carbon dots (PBCDs) under Cd stress†","authors":"Tianlian He, Xingyu Hao, Ying Chen, Zhenguo Li, Xinyu Zheng, Mingwei Yang, YuLin Wang, Chengzhen Gu, Jianghua Ye and Haibin Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00682H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00682H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cadmium (Cd) causes significant disruption to plant growth and poses a threat to human health, necessitating urgent and effective measures to mitigate its absorption and translocation in rice. This study employed a co-treatment of carbon dots (PBCDs) with Cd. The potential mechanisms underlying the alleviation of Cd toxicity in rice by PBCDs were investigated by observing changes in photosynthesis, the antioxidant system, and the content of other divalent metals in rice. The results showed that under Cd stress, PBCDs mitigated the interference of Cd in photosynthesis. Notably, treatments with 100 and 250 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> PBCDs significantly increased the rice fresh weight by 32.45% and 31.54%, and reduced Cd concentrations in rice leaves by 53.82% and 45.81%, respectively. Moreover, PBCDs effectively reduced the shoot-to-leaf translocation factor (TF) of Cd by up to 45.76%, likely due to enhanced Zn concentrations in shoots. Furthermore, PBCDs enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) in rice, resulting in decreased levels of MDA induced by Cd stress. In conclusion, PBCDs enhanced rice antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass while mitigating cellular damage and reducing Cd concentrations in various tissues. These findings provide theoretical guidance and data support for the study of novel nanomaterials to promote crop growth under Cd stress conditions and alleviate Cd accumulation in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 1","pages":" 863-878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving mineralogy and reactivity of hematite-coated sands during reduction of 4-chloronitrobenzene by Fe(ii) in flow-through reactors†","authors":"Celina M. Harris, Adel Soroush, Alanna M. Hildebrandt, Kamilah Y. Amen, Louis G. Corcoran, Joshua M. Feinberg, William A. Arnold and R. Lee Penn","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00602J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00602J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Naturally-occurring iron oxide nanoparticles provide reactive surfaces for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds, which are common groundwater pollutants, by Fe(<small>II</small>). In many natural aquifer systems, iron oxide minerals continuously react with groundwater pollutants and other chemical species. To closely emulate field conditions, continuous flow columns packed with hematite-coated sands were used to study the reduction of 4-chloronitrobenzene (4-ClNB) by Fe(<small>II</small>) associated with the iron oxide. Columns were packed with sands coated with either a high or low mass loading of hematite nanoparticles (0.19 or 0.43 mg hematite per gram of sand after flushing). Following 36 hours of reaction (200–225 pore volumes), the total mass of iron oxide present in the columns increased, resulting from the concurrent Fe(<small>III</small>) oxidative mineral growth. The greatest increase was observed at the bottom of the column packed with the higher hematite mass loading sand. Acicular particles were observed on the post-reaction materials of both the high and low hematite loading sands. The acicular morphology is characteristic of goethite nanoparticles, and the presence of goethite was detected by low temperature magnetometry. Similar to results obtained under batch reactor conditions, goethite crystals heterogeneously nucleated on hematite as a result of the reductive degradation of 4-ClNB by Fe(<small>II</small>). Results tracking the rates of reductive degradation of the 4-ClNB and evolution of mineralogy demonstrate that reactivity is determined by the accessible reactive surface area, which evolves as goethite is deposited on hematite over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 1","pages":" 514-527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Ni–SiC nanoparticle electroplated coatings a safer alternative to hard chromium? A comprehensive aging, toxicity, and in silico study to assess safety by design†","authors":"Swaroop Chakraborty, Nathan Langford, Yvonne Kohl, Dimitra-Danai Varsou, William Stokes, Evangelos Papaioannou, Sascha Wien, Kata Berkesi, Andrew Britton, Bashiru Ibrahim, Antreas Afantitis, Alexandros Zoikis Karathanasis, Andrew Nelson and Eugenia Valsami-Jones","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00751D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00751D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Considering the increasing interest in utilising nanoparticles (NPs) for advanced, safe, and sustainable coatings, this paper addresses the toxicological concerns associated with nickel–silicon carbide (Ni–SiC) electroplated nanocomposite coatings as an alternative to conventional chromium electrodeposition. We present Ni–SiC nanocomposite coatings as potential substitutes and conduct a comprehensive investigation into the impact of impregnated SiC particles on coating properties. Specifically, we examined the aging of Ni-Watts type and Ni Watts–SiC nanocomposite coatings in various environmental and biological media. Our release and transformation data indicate an enhanced release and transformation of Ni in the simulated media (<em>e.g.</em>, up to 200 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small> in cell culture media) and the formation of NiO and Ni(OH)<small>₂</small> species as confirmed by XPS analysis. Transmission electron microscopy data reveal the release of SiC NPs in the respective simulated aging medium. The Ni ion release from Ni-Watts type and Ni–SiC nanocomposite coatings was also investigated <em>in silico</em> to support safe-by-design (SbD) approaches in the development of nanoalloys for electroplating. An <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity assay according to ISO shows a significant reduction in cell viability for Ni–SiC nanocomposite coated samples (up to 80% after 72 hours) compared to standalone Ni-Watts type electroplated coatings (up to 20% after 72 hours). Our findings suggest that the co-deposition of Ni with SiC NPs enhances Ni release, which is a major factor in causing toxicity. These results could be pivotal in the adoption of safe and sustainable by design principles within the electroplating industry. This paper contributes to the fields of nanotoxicology and surface coatings, providing a foundation for designing and optimising environmentally friendly, high-performance coatings with broad industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 1","pages":" 894-908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00751d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-sided cellular and physiological effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO): a critical review","authors":"Anqi Sun, Shuoli Ma and Wen-Xiong Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00676C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00676C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Advances and applications of nanotechnology inevitably lead to the release of nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment, particularly zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO). This review focuses on the toxic and nutritional effects of nZnO at both the cellular and physiological levels as well as the corresponding molecular mechanisms involved. Understanding the cellular transport and dissolution characteristics of nZnO is essential to elucidate its potential toxicity mechanisms. Excess nZnO is absorbed into tissues and accumulates in cells, ultimately resulting in physiological inhibition, nutritional imbalances, and oxidative stress. Conversely, an appropriate amount of nZnO may enhance homeostasis at the organ level, induce moderate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activate changes in antioxidant genes and KEGG pathways, thereby improving the anti-stress capacity of organisms. We also examine the fate of nZnO in marine fishes at the physiological and molecular levels. The effects of nZnO exposure are complex, exhibiting both benefits and toxicity. While the excessive use of nZnO poses ecological risks, a judiciously designed application of nZnO holds promise for various fields, including marine fish farming. The regulatory role of nZnO in fish organs, such as the viscera and liver, provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying nZnO benefits at the individual level, promoting strategies to minimize its risks while maximizing its benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 2","pages":" 1059-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of nickel loading on reactivity of Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles toward trichloroethene and carbon tetrachloride†","authors":"Caijie Wei, Weizhong Wu, Xufei Zhao, Cheng Sun, Zehan Shi, Jun Yang and Minghong Wu","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00426D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00426D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bimetallic Ni/Fe-nanoparticles were developed to enhance the dechlorination reactivity of nano-sized zero-valent iron. The physical structures of Ni/Fe-NPs with an Ni loading ranging from 0.5 wt% to 20 wt% and their structure-dependent reactivity variations towards trichloroethene (TCE) and carbon tetrachloride (CT) were fully investigated. A Ni-accumulated surface was observed for the Ni/Fe-NPs with a high Ni loading (20 wt%), and the structure of the other Ni/Fe NPs was identified as a Ni/Fe alloy-like structure, with the 5 wt% Ni/Fe NPs owning the highest surface area and Fe<small>⁰</small> content. While the best CT dechlorination rate was 2.5-fold that of B-nZVI at 5 wt% Ni loading, the best TCE reduction was 12-fold of B-nZVI at a medium Ni loading (3–5 wt%). Given that the primary TCE degradation mechanism was <em>via</em> atomic hydrogen (H*), and the degradation of CT proceeds <em>via</em> direct electron transfer, the more efficient reduction mechanism for the Ni/Fe NP system was preferably H* reduction. The variation in the reduction rate and the by-product yield between the medium loading (3–5 wt%) and low/high (0.5 wt% and 20 wt%) loading was more significant for TCE than CT. It was found that the medium Ni loading (3–5 wt%) obviously boosted the β-elimination of TCE to VC due to the good storage of H* in the Ni catalyst. The production of H* and enhanced electron migration rate were well demonstrated by the CV curve and Tafel curve, respectively. The location of direct electron transfer and H* catalyst in the bimetallic Ni/Fe system was further discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 2","pages":" 1316-1327"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the intrinsic electrochemical mechanism of supporting electrolyte and the interaction mechanism in electrochemical oxidation of tetracycline with nano-PbO2†","authors":"Yaxuan Wang, Peitong Cen, Hongyu Wang, Chenxi Li, Ziyin Xia, Guoqing Wu, Meng Li, Lei Huang, Jia Yan, Shaoqi Zhou, Ce-Hui Mo and Hongguo Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00842A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00842A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemical oxidation (EO) for the removal of antibiotics is a promising technique because of the green and sustainable electrical-to-chemical energy conversion. However, the interaction mechanism between different electrolyte molecules and organic pollutants along with the generation pathway of reactive oxygen species remains unclear. Here, a β-PbO<small>₂</small> electrode was successfully prepared and employed as an effective tool for organic pollutant removal. The EO process with the β-PbO<small>₂</small> electrode and Na<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small> electrolyte could completely remove tetracycline (TC) and achieve an impressive kinetic rate constant of 0.239 min<small>⁻¹</small>. Quantum chemical calculations confirmed that hydrogen bonding was the primary binding force between TC and Na<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small>. Density functional theory calculations emphasized the key roles of radical and non-radical pathways in TC removal <em>via</em> the key reaction site (O atom in PbO<small>₂</small>). Consequently, this study provided a novel insight into the intrinsic electrochemical behavior changes with various electrolytes, paving the way for a novel electrochemical process in water treatment applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 2","pages":" 1288-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}