Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"Environmental behavior, hazard and anti-corrosion performance of benzotriazole-based nanomaterials for sustainable maritime applications†","authors":"Joana Figueiredo, Fernando Perina, Diana Carneiro, Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal, Tânia Oliveira, Cláudia Rocha, Frederico Maia, João Tedim and Roberto Martins","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00919C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00919C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal corrosion is a colossal technical, economic, and environmental challenge worldwide. Protective coatings containing corrosion inhibitors (CIs) are commonly used to address this natural process, particularly severe in immersed structures in seawater. However, high-performance CIs, such as benzotriazole (BTA), often exhibit toxicity towards aquatic organisms and leach prematurely. This study introduces safe and sustainable-by-design engineered nanomaterials, specifically layered double hydroxides loaded with BTA (Mg–Al LDH–BTA and Zn–Al LDH–BTA), as an innovative and eco-friendly approach compared to state-of-the-art CIs. This study aims to characterize both nanomaterials, assess their anti-corrosion performance when incorporated in polyurethane coatings, and evaluate their environmental behavior when dispersed in water, short-term acute and chronic effects on temperate marine species, and the environmental hazard. Key findings include a superior anti-corrosion performance of coatings containing Zn–Al LDH–BTA compared to BTA-coatings. Aqueous dispersions of nanomaterials exhibit instability of particle size and zeta potential over time, while concentrations of metals (Al, Zn) and nitrates reach high levels in the highest tested concentration due to partial dissolution, which may explain the observed toxicity patterns (median effect concentrations in the mg L<small>⁻¹</small> range). The tested compounds were not toxic for most tested species, apart from bacteria (<em>Aliivibrio fischeri</em>) and/or echinoderms (<em>Paracentrotus lividus</em>) and, in case of Mg–Al LDH–BTA, also on two microalgae species. The highest statistical PNEC value was observed for Mg–Al LDH–BTA (PNEC = 0.326 mg BTA per L), while the highest deterministic PNEC value was found for Zn–Al LDH–BTA (PNEC = 0.00041 mg BTA per L). These findings indicate that both nanomaterials are environmentally sound and efficient alternatives for anti-corrosion maritime applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3565-3580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00919c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-biochar supported Zn delivery in plants to enhance seedling growth and ROS management in rice†","authors":"Poonam Sashidhar, Kalyan Yakkala, Rupam Kumar Bhunia, Suparna Patowary, Mandira Kochar, Shovon Mandal, Lambert Brau, David Cahill and Mukul Dubey","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00578C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00578C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rice husk (RH) is a major agro-waste in rice-producing countries and its management is a serious concern. RH biochar (RHB) is generally used for soil amelioration; however, its functionality can be further enhanced by tailoring its properties to meet specific requirements of crops. Herein, we report that the conversion of RHB to its nanoform (hereafter termed as NRB) and employing surface engineering could enable its use as a slow-release carrier for the delivery of micronutrients to plants. We used Zn, a key plant micronutrient, to study its effect in rice seedling growth. The results showed that the Zn loaded functionalized biochar (Zn-FRB) contributed to the enhanced root and shoot growth of rice compared to that of NRB. Zn-FRB at a high concentration (100 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>) showed ∼11% increase in the soluble protein content. Zn-FRB (30 and 200 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>) also showed reduction in antioxidative enzyme activity (CAT and APX) compared to that of NRB suggesting an imperative role of Zn in protecting against oxidative damage of membrane lipids. Zn-FRB application caused a change in expression of Zn homeostasis genes and phloem transporter gene and increased their transcript levels as revealed by qPCR studies. According to these results, Zn-FRB was found to be more effective than NRB in enhancing plant growth, reducing oxidative damage and transportation of Zn. These results suggest the potential of this approach as a new slow delivery system of micronutrients to plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3791-3807"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient peroxydisulfate activation by a CoNiFc-MOF for rapid removal of emerging contaminants via both radical and non-radical pathways†","authors":"Maierhaba Kuerban, Yun Wang, Dilnur Dilxat, Nuzahat Habibul and Yanyun Hu","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01053A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01053A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the study presented in this paper, a multimetallic ferrocene-based metal–organic framework (CoNiFc-MOF) catalyst, characterized by a sea urchin-like morphology, was synthesized <em>via</em> a straightforward solvothermal method. The research focused on evaluating the efficacy of peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation by the CoNiFc-MOF catalyst for the removal of emerging contaminants. The results indicated that the CoNiFc-MOF catalyst achieved a removal efficiency exceeding 98% for 10 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> bisphenol A (BPA) within a 5 min timeframe. The activation mechanism of PDS was elucidated through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), revealing the involvement of both radical and non-radical oxidation pathways. In this non-radical mechanism, BPA undergoes oxidation <em>via</em> a direct electron transfer pathway facilitated by the metastable reaction complex (CoNiFc-MOF/PDS*). The leaching percentages of Co, Ni, and Fe were calculated to be 3.9%, 3.8%, and 7.5%, respectively, based on ICP-MS analysis of the reaction solution before and after catalysis. The CoNiFc-MOF catalyst demonstrated a high removal efficiency, consistently maintaining over 90% efficiency across five consecutive cycles, indicative of its remarkable catalytic activity and stability. The intermediates of BPA were further identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), leading to the proposal of four potential degradation pathways. The catalyst also proved high efficacy in the removal of bisphenol B (BPB), tetracycline (TC), and oxytetracycline (OTC), with the reaction rate being closely associated with its structural characteristics and properties. Moreover, the CoNiFc-MOF catalyst is notable for its straightforward synthesis process and low cost, offering a promising design strategy for the development of efficient PDS-activated catalytic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3514-3529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analyses reveal the mechanisms of developmental toxicity of a covalent organic framework to the roots of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings†","authors":"Xile Deng, Yujun Xu, Yanan Deng, Simin Yu and Le Qian","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00008D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00008D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are increasingly explored for applications in chemistry, medicine, and biology, yet their ecotoxicological profiles remain poorly defined. In this study, we assessed the developmental toxicity of ethidium bromide-based covalent organic frameworks (EB-COFs) in rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) seedlings in hydroponic culture. Seedlings were exposed to EB-COFs at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> for 14 days. Shoot length, fresh weight, total chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate were unaffected at 100 to 1000 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>; however, root length was significantly inhibited, particularly at 1000 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, where oxidative damage was observed in roots. To elucidate underlying mechanisms, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling on roots exposed to 1000 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> EB-COFs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in development and stress responses, for example, <em>WRKY24</em>, were found to be upregulated. Metabolomic profiling identified 1190 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including key compounds involved in oxidative stress response and root development such as ferulic acid and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that EB-COFs primarily affected phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism, which are critical for root growth and stress defense. Our study provides the first comprehensive demonstration that EB-COFs selectively impair rice root growth by inducing oxidative stress and perturbing key metabolic and signaling pathways. These results suggest that future environmental safety assessments of COF materials should include their potential impact on plant health, particularly focusing on oxidative stress and root development.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3653-3668"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate models of nanoparticles in the environment: a critical review and prospects†","authors":"Ruiyu Zhang, Xiaoxin Zheng, Wenhong Fan, Xiangrui Wang, Tianhui Zhao, Xiaoli Zhao, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg, Martina G. Vijver and Ying Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00342C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00342C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The increasing use of nanoparticles (NPs) has raised concerns about their risks to the environment. However, the dynamics of the fate of NPs and their interplay with organisms make it challenging to perform an accurate and process-based hazard and risk characterization. Thus, it is crucial to estimate the concentrations of NPs after they are transported and transformed for their risk assessment (<em>i.e.</em>, evaluating the fate of NPs). This will provide more accurate results than using the mass of released NPs. However, experimental limitations make it challenging to directly quantify and track NPs. Hence, using mathematical models to simulate the fate of NPs has become a promising alternative, but previous reviews failed to systematically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these models. Accordingly, this review is the first to analyze and evaluate the fate models of NPs from a mathematical perspective. Specifically, we discuss the calculation methods and parameters for quantifying the transport processes and transformation reactions of NPs in environmental compartments (including water, soil, sediment, and atmosphere) used by different models and categorize and compare these processes in each compartment. Besides, this study provides recommendations for the further development of fate models of NPs and proposes an optimal modeling procedure for simulating the fate of NPs. The procedure provides the optimal simulation equations and parameters for each transport and transformation process in each compartment, intending to quantify these processes and the fate of NPs, explicitly considering the knowledge of uncertainties. Furthermore, we provide suggestions for constructing fate models for novel NPs and applying machine learning in these models to improve the fate models of NPs and environmental risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3394-3412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Cu-MOF@Bi2MoO6 Z-scheme heterostructure mediated by Bi nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies for ciprofloxacin degradation and mechanism investigation†","authors":"Ranjith Kumar Dharman, Angappan Kausalya, Stella Vargheese, Senthilkumar Lakshmipathi and Tae Hwan Oh","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00350D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00350D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The rational design of heterostructure photocatalysts with effective charge transfer, separation, and superior visible-light harvesting is critical for achieving effective antibiotic degradation. However, the interfacial regulation of Z-scheme heterojunctions remains challenging. Herein, Bi nanoparticles were anchored onto a Bi<small>₂</small>MoO<small>₆</small>@Cu-MOF heterostructure <em>via</em> a solvothermal process. Dimethylformamide significantly influenced the reaction kinetics of Bi<small>₂</small>MoO<small>₆</small> by coordinating with Bi<small>³⁺</small> ions and modulating their release rate during the solvothermal process. The optimized Cu-MOF and Bi<small>₂</small>MoO<small>₆</small> heterostructure exhibited efficient photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP), achieving a rate constant of 0.0382 min<small>⁻¹</small>—11.93 times as well as 18.19 times greater than that of pristine Bi<small>₂</small>MoO<small>₆</small> and Cu-MOF, respectively. This significant enhancement in photocatalytic performance was caused by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Bi metal with the presence of oxygen vacancies, both of which promote charge carrier separation. Additionally, Bi metal functioned as a cocatalyst similar to noble metals, further improving the photocatalytic efficiency. The Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed based on well-matched energy band positions, while the integrated electric field provided the driving force for the reaction. Consequently, the Z-scheme heterojunction enhanced photoinduced charge carrier transfer and suppressed electron–hole recombination. Furthermore, potential CIP degradation pathways were investigated using Fukui function analysis and LC-MS. This study demonstrates the feasibility of enhancing photocatalytic efficiency by employing inexpensive Bi metal as a cocatalyst, offering a cost-effective alternative to precious noble metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3488-3502"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sulphidation of ZnO nanoparticles enhances zinc recovery in Zn-starved barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): the interplay of metal acquisition and cellular homeostasis†","authors":"Izabela Jośko, Mikołaj Feculak, Patryk Oleszczuk, Bożena Czech, Mohammed Alyafei, Magdalena Sozoniuk and Mohamed Sheteiwy","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01165A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01165A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The sulphidation of metal-based engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) presents a promising strategy to alleviate their ecotoxicity, particularly for ZnO ENPs used in plant growth enhancement. However, little is known about the interactions of sulphidized ENPs with plants, including their ionome. The key properties of ENPs that drive plant growth improvement can be significantly impacted by sulphidation. This study investigated the response of Zn-deficient barley to pristine (nZnO) and sulphidized ZnO ENPs (sulph-nZnO) at 0.5 mg<small>_Zn</small> L<small>⁻¹</small> under hydroponic conditions. The experimental approach evaluated plant biomass, elemental composition, and gene expression related to metal acquisition and homeostasis. Key findings revealed that Zn treatment of Zn-deficient plants showed higher Zn loading than the plants grown with the Zn source by 43–117%, and Zn distribution was primarily concentrated in shoots, in which the Zn level was as follows: nZnO &lt; sulph-nZnO &lt; ZnSO<small>₄</small>. ENPs caused a comparable accumulation pattern of other metals (Fe, Mn, K, Ca) in barley shoots after 7 days, and their content was higher than ZnSO<small>₄</small> treatment. The transcript levels of most of the analyzed ZIP genes were similar regardless of the Zn compound treatments. In contrast, the gene expression related to vacuolar Zn sequestration and antioxidant mechanisms exhibited variability in the Zn-treated plants. In turn, the expression patterns of genes encoding Zn sequestration and antioxidant enzymes in barley shoots and roots did not directly correlate with total Zn content in plant tissues. However, the distinct transcriptional response may be associated with the ratios of different metals present. Although the spectroscopic and transcriptional profiles were generally consistent across ENP treatments, sulph-nZnO exhibited enhanced Zn uptake and elevated expression of <em>ZIP1</em>, a zinc-responsive gene involved in zinc efficiency. This suggests its potential as an innovative approach to improving plant elemental nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3699-3713"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en01165a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zn3(PO4)2 shell effects on Zn uptake and cellular distribution of root applied ZnO NPs†","authors":"Sandra Rodrigues, Astrid Avellan, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Matheus C. R. Miranda, Diana Salvador, Aude Calas, Gregory V. Lowry and Sónia M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00217F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00217F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Touted benefits of nanoparticle-based fertilizers include enhancing crop nutrition by fortifying fruits or grains with nutrient metals and reducing environmental impacts of fertilizer use. However, the properties of the nanoparticles (NPs) and application routes required to achieve these benefits are not yet established. This study examined how a Zn-phosphate shell on ZnO NPs (ZnO_Ph NPs) affected root uptake, cellular distribution, transformation, and translocation of Zn in pepper plants (<em>Capsicum annuum</em>), and compared the efficacy of root- to foliarly-applied NPs. Pepper plants roots were exposed to ZnO NPs (26 ± 8 nm), ZnO_Ph NPs (48 ± 12 nm), or ionic Zn. After 6 weeks, 30–37% of root-applied Zn was absorbed, with 6.0–7.2% (2.4–2.9 μg) reaching the fruits. ZnO_Ph NPs resulted in lower total Zn uptake, but higher mobility into the root vasculature and stem epidermis, likely due to P–Zn co-delivery modulating translocation mechanisms. Foliar application of these NPs led to lower Zn uptake (2.4% for ZnO_Ph NPs; 0.5% for ZnO NPs) compared to root application. However, a greater proportion of the Zn that was taken up for foliar-applied ZnO_Ph NP translocated to the fruits (27%) compared to root application (10%). Root and foliar applications also led to contrasting Zn speciation in the stem vasculature. Foliar-applied Zn formed only carboxyl and phytate-like complexes, while root-applied Zn also formed Zn–S–R complexes, indicating distinct Zn transport and storage responses, possibly explaining the higher relative mobility to the fruits when foliar-applied. These findings demonstrate that Zn uptake efficiency and speciation depend on both application method and nanoparticle formulation. They also suggest that multi-nutrient NPs can fortify foods, potentially offering a new strategy for improving plant nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3639-3652"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d5en00217f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOF-derived Ni–Cu bimetallic interface synergy modified TiO2 for efficient photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to formate in ammonia nitrogen wastewater†","authors":"Junjie Yang, Jun Xie, Junxian Qin, Jin Shang, Hiromi Yamashita, Daiqi Ye and Yun Hu","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00297D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00297D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To address the critical challenges in photocatalytic CO<small>₂</small> reduction systems, including rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, indiscriminate product distribution, and oxidative degradation of liquid-phase intermediates, we designed a ZIF-8-derived Ni–Cu bimetallic modified TiO<small>₂</small> (NiCu-GC-TiO<small>₂</small>) photocatalyst for synergistic formate synthesis from CO<small>₂</small> and ammonia nitrogen wastewater The research results indicate that Ni–Cu forms a highly dispersed interface through N bridges, significantly enhancing charge separation efficiency. In the NH<small>₃</small>-N system at pH = 10, the formate yield reached 116.2 μmol L<small>⁻¹</small> (99.4% selectivity), which was 9.4 times higher than that of TiO<small>₂</small>. Ammonia nitrogen serves as an oxidative substrate that accelerates hole consumption while inhibiting formate oxidation. Isotope experiments confirmed that formate protons originate entirely from ammonia nitrogen, and the protons released from ammonia nitrogen oxidation drive the directed conversion of CO<small>₂</small> to formate. The system can directly utilize HCO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> as a carbon source, compatible with industrial carbon capture processes. Cycling tests and flow-phase experiments demonstrated excellent material stability and practical applicability. This research provides a novel strategy for synergistic mechanisms between photocatalytic CO<small>₂</small> reduction and wastewater treatment, which contributes to both environmental sustainability and energy utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3503-3513"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro- and nanoplastics in the environment: a comprehensive review on detection techniques","authors":"Fabricio A. Santos, Rafaela S. Andre, Augusto D. Alvarenga, Ana Laura M. M. Alves and Daniel S. Correa","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00319E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00319E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs), which arise from the fragmentation of larger plastic debris or are intentionally produced on smaller scales, can persist in the environment for long periods. Considering that these particles are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, concerns arise regarding their potential adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health, which is the reason why their identification is becoming of paramount importance nowadays. In this review, we present an updated survey of the main techniques currently employed to identify MNPs, focusing on the well-established FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques, which are recognized as the gold standards in the analysis of these materials. We also explore new approaches to detect MNPs, including electroanalytical techniques, microfluidic systems, and various mass spectrometry techniques. Furthermore, other techniques, such as fluorescence spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and others, which help to complement the chemical and structural analysis of MNPs, are also evaluated. Combining these different approaches offers a comprehensive and detailed evaluation of micro- and nanoplastic materials across various environments, thereby supporting the implementation of target strategies to help mitigate the impacts of these emerging pollutants on both the environment and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 7","pages":" 3442-3467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}