Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"Selenium engineered nanomaterials enhance soil nitrogen retention and transformation through rhizosphere microbial interactions and hormone modulations","authors":"Shibo Liu, Chunli Lei, Bingxu Cheng, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Junyi Zhang, Chuanxi Wang, Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5en01209k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01209k","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) loss is a serious agricultural problem frequently associated with rice production, highlighting the urgent need to improve N utilization efficiency and nitrogen retention. In this study, the effects of foliar application of selenium-engineered nanomaterials (Se ENMs, 0.05 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small> and 20 L per acre) on nitrogen retention, transformation, and rhizosphere N cycling in paddy rice were investigated through field experiments. The results showed that Se ENMs significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of rice (<em>Oryza sativa L.</em>) by 40.0%, which consequently increased grain yield by 4.0% and improved the contents of starch, protein, amino acids, and soluble sugar by 9.3%, 18.5%, 22.9%, and 8.5%, respectively, compared with the control (CK). In addition, Se ENMs stimulated fatty acid metabolism in rice roots, promoted exudation of 1,9-decanediol and inhibited nitrification in the rhizosphere. The Se ENMs-induced changes in the rice root exudates decreased abundances of soil microbial genes associated with ammonia oxidation. As a result, the ammonium nitrogen (NH<small>₄</small><small>⁺</small>–N) content in the soil increased by 11.2%, ultimately leading to a 24.5% increase in total soil nitrogen compared with that in the CK. These changes collectively enhanced N uptake and utilization efficiency in rice, thereby contributing to improved crop productivity. In summary, this study provides comprehensive insights into nitrogen fate in plant–soil systems under Se ENMs application and proposes a promising strategy for mitigating N loss in agricultural soils.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Coatings Regulate the Biodynamics and Trophic Transfer of Silver Nanoparticles: Insights from Au@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticle","authors":"Yufei Zhao, Xiangrui Wang, Yibing Hou, Zhejie Hou, Wenhong Fan","doi":"10.1039/d6en00416d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00416d","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industrial production and daily life, and their potential risks to aquatic environments deserve further attention. However, contributions of AgNPs and their released ions in the biodynamic processes within aquatic organisms remained largely unknown. To address this, this study fabricated various Au@AgNPs with different surface coatings to clarify key factors controlling the biodynamics of AgNPs under direct exposure in the water phase versus indirect exposure through the food chain (Escherichia coli-Tetrahymena thermophila). Au@AgNPs, a core-shell material, could well distinguish the bioaccumulation and transfer processes of particulate Ag and released Ag+. It is demonstrated that surface coating significantly influenced the biodynamics and trophic transfer of Au@AgNPs by regulating their surface charge. In water-phase exposure, surface coatings did not directly alter the internalization and excretion processes of AgNPs. Instead, they significantly modulated the dissolution behavior of the internalized particles and excretion rate of released Ag+ to induce the discrepancies in Ag accumulation ultimately. During trophic transfer, ethylene imine polymer-coated Au@AgNPs transferred from E. coli to T. thermophila in relatively intact particle form, exhibiting the highest relative transfer efficiency for NPs. In contrast, polyvinylpyrrolidone-Au@AgNPs showed the lowest transfer efficiency for both Ag and NP, indicating lower bioavailability, reduced transformation, and higher excretion efficiency. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that surface coating modulates AgNPs biodynamics and transport processes in aqueous exposure and trophic transfer pathways by itself and regulating surface charge. When assessing nanomaterial ecological risks, it is essential to consider both the differential behavior of particulate and ionic forms and the potential amplification effects through trophic transfer.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employing spICP-MS to measure ingestion and uptake of a polydispersionof nano-microplastics in Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryo-larvae","authors":"Emmy Schneiderjan, Colby Hietpas, Evan Patrick Gray, James F Ranville, D. Howard Fairbrother, Jordan Crago","doi":"10.1039/d6en00275g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00275g","url":null,"abstract":"In the environment, plastics undergo chemical\u0000(weathering) and physical (abrasion) aging, forming vast polydispersions\u0000of irregularly shaped nano- (1–1000 nm) and microplastic (1000 nm–5\u0000µm) particles (NMPs), complicating assessments of ingestion, uptake,\u0000and bioaccumulation of environmentally relevant NMP mixtures. Thus,\u0000we employed a novel cryomilling approach to produce metal-tagged (Ta),\u0000fluorescently dyed (Fl) non-spherical polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)\u0000NMPs with environmentally realistic size distributions (~150–2,000\u0000nm), that could be analyzed using single particle inductively coupled\u0000plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). This allowed for quantification\u0000of particle number across size range ingestion in individual Daphnia\u0000magna and zebrafish, representing both active (adult D. magna, zebrafish\u0000&gt;6 days post-fertilization [dpf]) and passive (zebrafish 0–5 dpf)\u0000uptake routes. D. magna exposed to 50 and 0.5 µg/L Ta-Fl-PMMA for\u000024 h ingested an average of 66,420 and 850 particles per organism,\u0000predominantly &lt;1 µm. Surprisingly, zebrafish embryos (0–5 dpf)\u0000showed no passive uptake, with or without their chorion intact. Similarly,\u0000no active ingestion or uptake was observed in zebrafish larvae (6–11\u0000dpf) unless paramecia were introduced as a food source, resulting\u0000in an average ingestion of 204 particles at 50 µg/L Ta-Fl-PMMA. These\u0000findings demonstrate the effectiveness of metal-tagged NMPs and spICP-MS\u0000in quantifying NMP ingestion, and potential uptake in aquatic organisms\u0000at environmentally relevant particle number concentrations. Moreover,\u0000these results raise important questions about the mechanisms of NMP\u0000ingestion and potential uptake, indicating that there is limited passive\u0000uptake of particles &gt;150 nm in early-life-stage zebrafish.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic nanoparticles amplify endocrine activity of paracetamol and ibuprofen mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations","authors":"Lucija Božičević, Nikolina Peranić, Jana Hildebrandt, Korinna Altmann, Ivana Vinkovic Vrcek","doi":"10.1039/d6en00308g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00308g","url":null,"abstract":"Paracetamol and ibuprofen are among the most widely used pharmaceuticals and are increasingly relevant aquatic co-contaminants. Their hazard assessment is further complicated by co-exposure to plastic nanoparticles (PNPs), which can adsorb chemicals and modify mixture effects. Here, we investigated the endocrine activity of paracetamol (PARA), ibuprofen (IBU), their binary mixtures, and their co-mixtures with polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene nanoparticles (PS-NPs, PP-NPs and PE-NPs, respectively) under in vitro conditions using environmentally relevant, non-cytotoxic concentrations. Estrogen receptor (ER) activation and steroidogenesis responses were evaluated to resolve both receptor-mediated and downstream endocrine effects. Neither PARA nor IBU alone showed ER agonistic activity under the tested conditions. In contrast, low-concentration PARA–IBU mixtures elicited concentration- and ratio-dependent synergistic or antagonistic responses, indicating emergent mixture behaviour not predictable from the individual compounds. Co-exposure to PNPs further enhanced ER agonistic activity. In mixtures containing PE-NPs and PP-NPs, the magnitude of the response was driven predominantly by PNPs concentration, whereas this was governed mainly by drug concentration in PS-NP-containing mixtures. For steroidogenesis assays, IBU shifted hormone production towards upstream intermediates, increasing progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone while decreasing estradiol and testosterone, whereas PARA increased the final steroid products. PS-NPs potentiated drug-specific steroidogenic effects in mixture with both pharmaceuticals. These findings demonstrate that environmentally relevant pharmaceutical mixtures can gain endocrine activity in the presence of PNPs, and that the outcome depends on both mixture composition and nanoplastics identity. Overall, our study highlights the need to incorporate pharmaceutical–nanoplastic co-exposure into environmental hazard assessment and mixture risk evaluation.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion-Induced Supramolecular Reorganization of Cationic Oligo-Polyvinylene Derivatives for Bromide–Iodide Discrimination in Aqueous Medium","authors":"Harshal V Barkale, Nilanjan Dey","doi":"10.1039/d6en00260a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00260a","url":null,"abstract":"Among halides, iodide is an essential micronutrient required in body for thyroid hormone synthesis and neurodevelopment, both deficiency and excess intake can lead to serious health issues, including goiter and hypothyroidism. In contrast, bromide, widely encountered through fumigants, processed foods, and natural water sources, poses toxicological risks at elevated levels, including neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reproductive effects. Thus, selective detection as well as discrimination of halide ions in aqueous environments is a critical challenge in environmental and food safety monitoring. Herein, we report a rationally designed series of π-conjugated stilbene derivatives (compounds 1, 2, and 3), featuring pyridine or pyridinium termini with tunable self-assembly and charge-transfer properties. Compounds 1 and 2, synthesized via N-alkylation and aldol-type condensation, respectively, form distinct self-assembled aggregates in water, enabling differential optical responses toward halide ions. Fluorescence studies in aqueous medium revealed selective and sensitive detection of iodide via heavy atom-induced static quenching (~80 fold), while bromide induced a supramolecular reorganisation in compound 2, shifting emission from 470 to 620 nm. This dual-channel fluorescence allowed us to unambiguously distinguish I⁻ from Br⁻, a rarely reported capability in aqueous systems. All experiments were conducted using environmentally relevant analyte concentrations (0-0.2 mM), and the platform showed excellent reproducibility, low detection limits (~0.2-0.3 µM), and rapid response times (&lt; 2 min). Real-life validation using iodized salt, grains, soil, seaweed, and mineral water confirmed the sensor’s performance without extensive sample pretreatment, and a paper-based platform was further developed for field-deployable applications. Compared to conventional techniques such as HPLC and GC-MS, this fluorescence-based strategy offers a portable, cost-effective, and practical solution for halide ion monitoring in food, water, and environmental matrices.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to nanoplastics in the environment","authors":"S. M. Rodrigues, A. M. Booth, N. Tufenkji, D. Wang","doi":"10.1039/d6en90021f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en90021f","url":null,"abstract":"A graphical abstract is available for this content","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zero-Dimensional Graphene-Core Carbon Nanodots Confined in Mesoporous Silica for π-Selective Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Lipophilic Media","authors":"Nathália Carvalho Da Silva, Albina Mikhraliieva, Renato Carreira, Carlos German Massone, Volodymyr Zaitsev","doi":"10.1039/d6en00322b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00322b","url":null,"abstract":"A novel silica-based π-selective adsorbent decorated with graphene-core N-doped carbon nanodots (G-CNDs) was developed via an in situ confined synthesis strategy. This material was applied for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from lipophilic matrices. The adsorbent was prepared by thermal treatment of ethylenediamine-modified mesoporous silica saturated with citric acid. This enabled preferential formation and covalent immobilization of G-CNDs within the silica pore network. The spatial confinement preserves the mesoporous structure, prevents nanoparticle aggregation. It provides a structurally bimodal adsorbent that combines π-active internal surfaces with a polar external silica surface. Comprehensive characterization by BET analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, AFM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of graphene-core carbon nanodots, their covalent binding to the silica framework, and the preservation of textural properties. The developed SiO₂/G-CNDs material exhibited pronounced selectivity toward PAHs due to strong multipoint π-π interactions, while suppressing non-specific adsorption of lipid matrix components. Under optimized SPE conditions, quantitative or near-quantitative recoveries were achieved for high-molecular-weight PAHs directly from nonpolar solvents such as hexane. In contrast conventional C18 sorbents showed negligible retention. Efficient desorption was accomplished using acetone, enabling direct GC-MS analysis. The approach allows PAH extraction from apolar and lipid-derived media without a saponification step and demonstrates the potential of 0D carbon nanomaterial-based hybrid adsorbents for selective analysis of PAHs in complex matrices. lipid-rich samples. Overall, the proposed SiO₂/G-CNDs material represents an effective π-selective SPE adsorbent and a promising strategy for the determination of PAHs in complex lipid-derived matrices. 5.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic profiling of diatoms reveals distinct impacts of silver nanoparticles and ions.","authors":"Arin Kantarciyan, Inés Segovia-Campos, Matea Marelja, Rocco Gasco, Weiwei Li, Arturo A Keller, Vera I Slaveykova","doi":"10.1039/d6en00326e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6en00326e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles (nAg) raise ecotoxicological concerns due to their increasing production, application, and inevitable release into aquatic environments. In freshwater, nAg aggregate and partially dissolve, coexisting with dissolved silver (Ag⁺). Diatoms, key phytoplankton contributing to global silicon and carbon cycles, are particularly relevant for assessing silver toxicity, yet the metabolic impacts of Ag⁺ and nAg remain poorly understood. Here, we combined metabolomics and physiological assays to investigate the effects of short-term (2 h), sublethal exposures of Ag⁺ (0.01 and 0.02 mg L^-1) and nAg (0.1 and 0.3 mg L^-1) on the freshwater diatom <i>Cyclotella meneghiniana</i>. Both silver forms strongly affected the diatom metabolism, with notable alterations in amino acid, polyamine, glutathione, and nucleotide metabolism, as well as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. These metabolic shifts were dependent on the silver form and concentration, and correlated with intracellular silver accumulation. Notably, nAg exerted stronger and more specific effects on the TCA cycle, glutathione metabolism, and polyamine synthesis than Ag⁺. Physiologically, both nAg and Ag⁺ impaired photosystem performance, but only nAg induced enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and altered carbonic anhydrase activity. This study provides the first insights into both shared and distinct metabolomic responses of diatoms to short-term exposure to Ag⁺ and nAg, highlighting the greater specificity and potency of nAg in disrupting key metabolic and physiological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" ","pages":"3028-3043"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13273387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective roles of carbon quantum dots in improving root physiology of dragonhead under cadmium toxicity","authors":"S. Rahimzadeh and K. Ghassemi-Golezani","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00876J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EN00876J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cadmium (Cd) contamination severely restricts plant growth by impairing root development and physiological function. This study was laid out to investigate the potential of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in alleviating cadmium-induced stress in dragonhead (<em>Dracocephalum moldavica</em>) roots. The effects of different cadmium levels (control, 25 and 50 mg CdSO<small>₄</small> per kg of soil) and foliar treatments of water and CQDs (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) on plants were investigated in a factorially arranged experiment. The CQDs markedly improved root performance under cadmium toxicity. Application of CQDs increased plant root length and dry mass by about 16% and 19% at 25 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, and 19% and 27% at 50 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small> of cadmium toxicity, respectively, showing the protective roles of these materials. The CQDs also reduced Cd content in roots by approximately 12%, contributing to improved membrane integrity and reduced stress damage. These protective outcomes were associated with several physiological adjustments. Treatment with CQDs, particularly at 4 and 6 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, noticeably increased activities of plasma and vacuolar H<small>⁺</small>-ATPases, root metabolic activity, and nutrient content (calcium, magnesium, potassium) in root tissues under cadmium toxicity. Furthermore, CQDs decreased the accumulation of stress-related molecules (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, phytochelatins, lignin, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, proline, and soluble carbohydrates), indicating lower oxidative and osmotic stress. These findings demonstrate the functional role of CQDs in alleviating cadmium toxicity by supporting root growth and modulating key physiological processes involved in ion transport, hormonal balance, and oxidative defense.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 6","pages":" 2873-2884"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoplastic stress drives cyanobacterial secondary metabolism and taste-and-odor production","authors":"Jia-Xin Liu, Meng-Xin Xu, Long-Hai Cao, Mei-Yan Liu, Xiao-Yu Liu, Jing-Ya Ma, Jian-Lu Duan, Zi-Han Lang, Xiao-Han Zhang, Shu-Guang Wang, Xian-Zheng Yuan and Fan-Ping Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D6EN00160B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6EN00160B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The convergence of nanoplastic pollution and cyanobacterial blooms presents a complex threat to aquatic ecosystems, yet the molecular mechanisms governing their interaction remain poorly understood. This is particularly critical for taste-and-odor compounds (T&amp;Os) like geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), which compromise global water security. Here, we investigated the impact of positively charged amino-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH<small>₂</small>) on the T&amp;O-producing cyanobacterium <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> (<em>M. aeruginosa</em>). We found that low-concentration (1 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>) exposure significantly inhibited T&amp;O production, whereas high-concentration (20 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>) exposure dramatically stimulated it, increasing total GSM and 2-MIB yields by 5.40- and 6.16-fold, respectively. An integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that the high-dose effect is driven by a catastrophic cellular cascade. Severe oxidative stress and membrane damage cause a collapse of the photosynthetic apparatus, triggering a system-wide metabolic reprogramming that diverts carbon precursors overwhelmingly toward T&amp;O biosynthesis. Conversely, the low-dose inhibition occurs without significant transcriptional changes, suggesting a rapid, adaptive resource allocation trade-off. These results reveal an unconventional toxicological pattern and provide a fundamental molecular blueprint for how nanoplastic stress can dysregulate cyanobacterial secondary metabolism, highlighting the critical need to consider non-linear responses in environmental risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 6","pages":" 2685-2697"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}