Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing ZnO nanoparticles basal application for enhancing rice yield, quality, and zinc enrichment","authors":"Haipeng Zhang, Xijun Yuan, Xinyue Liu, Jie Chen, Rui Wang, Hongcheng Zhang, Yanju Yang","doi":"10.1039/d5en00229j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00229j","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc (Zn) oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been increasingly utilized in agriculture as an innovative Zn fertilizer, prompting numerous studies to assess their impact on plant growth. However, research on the optimal application methods and dosages of ZnO NPs on rice remains limited. In this study, varied basal application dosages (0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 kg hm-2) of ZnO NPs on rice yield, quality, and grain Zn content and distribution were investigated using field experiment in 2022 and 2023. Control experiments were also conducted including treatments without Zn application and those ZnSO4 applied at the same Zn dosage. Results showed that ZnO NPs and ZnSO4 application led to increases in rice grain yield of 0.34-0.50 t hm-2 and 0.06-0.40 t hm-2, respectively, over the two-year experiment compared to the treatment without Zn application. Furthermore, ZnO NPs improved rice quality by enhancing the head rice rate, reducing chalky grain percentage, and improving taste value and rice breakdown. The application of ZnO NPs significantly elevated Zn content in both milled and brown rice compared to the control. In 2022, Zn content in milled rice increased by 20.79%-41.67% and in brown rice by 25.20%-47.31%. In 2023, the increases were 12.18%-32.18% in milled rice and 17.68%-38.66% in brown rice. However, the utilization efficiency of ZnO NPs decreased from 7.02% to 1.26% as the application dosage increased from 3.75 kg hm-2 to 60 kg hm-2. Despite this decrease, the efficiency remained higher than that of ZnSO4 at the same Zn dosages. Considering yield, rice quality, Zn fertilizer utilization, and Zn accumulation, a basal application of 7.5-30 kg hm-2 ZnO NPs is optimal for improving rice yield, quality, and Zn accumulation. This study effectively demonstrated that ZnO NPs could serve as a highly efficient fertilizer for synergistically enhancing rice yield, quality, and Zn content in the edible grain fraction.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide in inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth to combat bacterial contamination in water recovery systems†","authors":"Omid Sedighi, Tucker Johnsen, Appala Raju Badireddy, Matthew J. Wargo and Amber L. Doiron","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01164C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01164C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Access to safe water is critical for public health. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> is ranked as one of the most significant bacterial pathogens, threatening human health. Hydrogen peroxide and other biocides are often used to prevent the growth of bacteria, but the toxicity of these biocides is a major consideration when bacteria grow in water sources. This study explores the application of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), both bare and polyacrylic acid-coated (PAA@IONPs), to enhance the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide in eliminating <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, potentially reducing the required biocide concentrations and minimizing toxicity. X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD) alongside X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the synthesized IONPs were magnetite nanoparticles and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy proved that PAA coating was successfully functionalized to IONPs. The hydrodynamic size of the IONPs decreased from 106 ± 11 nm to 84 ± 3 nm when coated with PAA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed a similar decrease in dry size from 16 ± 3 nm to 9 ± 2 nm post-coating. A week after storage, there was a decrease in the concentration of stored IONPs and PAA@IONPs due to settling by 56 ± 14% and 22.6 ± 0.6%, respectively, demonstrating that PAA coating increased colloidal stability of the IONPs. Coated nanoparticles exhibited a more negative zeta potential, which was also indicative of greater colloidal stability. In the presence of 3.65 mg ml<small>⁻¹</small> IONPs and 182.25 mM of hydrogen peroxide, overnight bacterial growth was reduced by more than 63% compared to the sample with hydrogen peroxide alone. IONPs did not inhibit bacterial growth in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. The presence of 3.65 mg ml<small>⁻¹</small> IONPs and 182.25 mM of hydrogen peroxide killed 90.2% of bacterial cells during one hour of exposure. These findings indicate the potential benefit of IONPs to combat bacterial growth, which could be applied in industrial settings to reduce the biocide concentration needed to curb bacterial development.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2449-2461"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable plastics in soil: a significant gap from microplastics to nanoplastics and oligomers","authors":"Qian Zhou, Chennan Pan, Ji'an Wei, Zheyuan Ma, Bingshen Liu, Daoyong Zhang, Jing Wei and Xiangliang Pan","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01197J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01197J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biodegradable plastics (BPs) have been increasingly used as alternatives to conventional plastics to alleviate soil pollution caused by conventional (micro) plastics. However, BPs in soils can degrade into microplastics (MPs), nanoplastics (NPs), oligomers and monomers, which may pose risks to ecosystems. In comparison to the extensive studies on conventional MPs and NPs, much less is known about the behavior and risks of biodegradable MPs (BMPs), particularly biodegradable NPs (BNPs) and oligomers in soils, due to the lack of reliable methodologies. Despite previously published reviews in this field, the gap between BMPs, BNPs and oligomers has largely been overlooked. This review systematically and critically summarizes the latest advances and future research priorities of BPs in soil. In contrast to the well-studied aging of BPs, the fragmentation process, release of intermediates, and their interactions with each other and other pollutants in soils are poorly known. Despite the relatively well-explored effects of BPs on soil physicochemical properties, the ecotoxicological impacts on microbes, plants, and animals of BPs and BMPs, as well as the behavior and ecological risks of BNPs and oligomers, have been largely neglected. Significant knowledge gaps and future research priorities in the identification and quantification methodologies, as well as the behavior and risks of BNPs and oligomers in complex soil environments, are highlighted. These include the unique challenges of BMP and BNP experiments, particularly the dynamic changes in particle size and composition due to hydrolysis in the short term. This review underscores the need for further research on the formation, environmental behavior, and toxic effects of BNPs, oligomers, and monomers in soil. It improves the understanding of the potential risks posed by BNPs and oligomers and provides a reference for future BP management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2208-2228"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving photocatalytic activity and chlorine resistance of carbon nanolayer-wrapped TiO2 nanocomposite catalysts for dichloromethane purification†","authors":"Hongli Liu, Jinhua Feng, Xin Wang, Maosen Xu, Yunzheng Deng, Guiying Li, Yingxin Yu and Taicheng An","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00109A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00109A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing advanced photocatalysts with excellent deep purification activity and robust chlorine resistance has always been a key focus in the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). Herein, carbon nanolayer-wrapped TiO<small>₂</small> (CNWT-<em>x</em>) nanocomposite catalysts with tunable carbon nanolayer thickness were fabricated by controlled pyrolysis of NH<small>₂</small>-MIL-125(Ti) to degrade dichloromethane (DCM) under UV-vis irradiation. The results demonstrated that carbon nanolayers wrapped around TiO<small>₂</small> could drastically accelerate the transfer of photogenerated electrons and prolong the photogenerated carrier lifetime, thereby producing abundant ·O<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> and ·OH radicals with strong oxidation ability. These radicals rapidly oxidized DCM and intermediates to final products of CO<small>₂</small> and Cl<small>₂</small>. The CNWT-2 sample exhibited optimal catalytic activity with 85% DCM conversion and 90% CO<small>₂</small> selectivity, even after 5 h of UV-vis light irradiation. More importantly, CNWT-2 also demonstrated robust resistance to chlorine and high humidity. Furthermore, <em>in situ</em> NAP XPS results suggested that the dissociated chlorine species might preferentially be absorbed onto the stable outer carbon nanolayers, which significantly protected the interior TiO<small>₂</small> active sites. This reduced the reaction probability of the dissociated chlorine species with TiO<small>₂</small> active sites and the generated organic intermediates, thereby inhibiting the formation of toxic polychlorinated byproducts and catalyst deactivation due to chloride poisoning. This work offers a facile and efficient strategy for developing highly active and stable catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of CVOCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2486-2494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of chlortetracycline over montmorillonite/g-C3N4 composite: kinetic insights, degradation pathways and ecotoxicity evaluation†","authors":"Qi Xu, Xu Du, Qin Zhou, Lian Yang, Kuixiao Li, Wei Wang, Gang Wang, Guisheng Xu and Feng Xiao","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00050E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00050E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photocatalytic oxidation technology is recognized as an effective method for removing antibiotics from wastewater. In this work, a novel montmorillonite/graphitic carbon nitride (Mt/g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small>) composite was synthesized <em>via</em> a facile thermal polycondensation approach. The optimal 1% Mt/g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small> photocatalyst demonstrated an excellent chlortetracycline (CTC) degradation rate of 0.0353 min<small>⁻¹</small> under visible light, which is about 42% higher than pristine g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small>. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and radical quenching experiments revealed that the ·O<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> plays the most significant role in the photocatalytic oxidation of CTC, while ·OH, <small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small> and h<small>⁺</small> also contribute, but not in dominant places. This study elucidates the mechanism by which the photocatalytic activity is enhanced. The improvements are ascribed to the extended absorption of visible light, efficient charge separation, and the inhibition of photo-induced electron–hole pair recombination, following the successful intercalation of g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small> nanosheets into montmorillonite layers. Additionally, HPLC-QTOF-MS was employed to identify the transformation products of CTC, and the primary degradation pathways were elucidated. Furthermore, the ecotoxicity of the transformation products was evaluated using ECOSAR software.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2462-2472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanobacteria-derived biochar supported ZIF-8-derived ZnS–NC for superior peroxymonosulfate activation to remove 4-chlorophenol from wastewater†","authors":"Ronghan Wang, Qingkai Shi, Wenjun Wang, Guangfu Wang, Yang Liu, Jun Wang, Chengyun Zhou, Min Cheng, Weiping Xiong and Dongbo Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00004A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00004A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Eutrophication of water bodies caused by cyanobacteria is a headache in water treatment nowadays, and the treatment of harvested cyanobacteria creates another difficult problem. Fortunately, cyanobacteria can produce biochar (BC) through pyrolysis, but the catalytic performance of BC is clearly unsatisfactory. Metal–organic frameworks, materials with multiple active centers, are naturally combined with BC for superior functional materials. In this study, ZnS–NC/BC was obtained by <em>in situ</em> growth of ZIF-8 on cyanobacteria-derived biochar and subsequent sulfur-doped pyrolysis. Characterization indicated that ZIF-8 was successfully uniformly loaded onto the BC substrate and transformed into ZnS-loaded N-doped graphitic carbon during the subsequent pyrolysis process. In the performance evaluation, ZnS–NC/BC-1 showed excellent peroxymonosulfate activation performance and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) removal capability. Subsequently, it turned out that <small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small> dominated the degradation of 4-CP in the system. Furthermore, it was exciting to note that the system exhibited good resistance to various factors, including pH, inorganic anions, and humic acids. In addition, the removal of 4-CP and dissolved organic matter proceeded well even in natural water and sewage effluent. The degradation pathway of 4-CP was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to be two, namely the degradation pathway and the polymerization pathway. In addition, the toxicity of the intermediates showed a general trend of detoxification, proving the toxicological feasibility. In conclusion, a feasible solution for the synergistic development of solid waste and water treatment was provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2407-2420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis to mitigate salinity stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants and enhance physiological activities","authors":"Hetvi Naik, Salim Manoharadas, Narayanasamy Bommayasamy, John Thomas, Muthukaruppan Gobi, Sahab Ram Dewala and Natarajan Amaresan","doi":"10.1039/D4EN01184H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN01184H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Salinity stress significantly affects rice production worldwide. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of bacteria-mediated synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to mitigate salinity stress in rice. IONPs were characterized using DLS, UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD and revealed 30–40 nm particles with cubic and spherical morphologies. Greenhouse studies showed enhanced growth parameters in IONP-treated plants under both normal and salt stress conditions. Treatment with 100 ppm IONPs under salinity stress resulted in enhanced shoot length (278.6%), root length (122.9%), and wet weight (180.0%) compared to the control plants. Similarly, post-harvest analysis revealed that IONPs improved chlorophyll content (206.8%), reduced proline accumulation (43.9–56% decrease), and modulated superoxide dismutase activity (9.2–22.6% decrease) compared to the control plants. Furthermore, IONPs enhanced soil dehydrogenase activity (185.5–479.5%) under salt stress, which indicated improved soil microbial activity. In addition, treatment with IONPs significantly reduced the accumulation of Na<small>⁺</small> (58.49%) and Cl<small>⁻</small> (35.5%) ions in rice plants and enhanced the availability of soil nitrogen and phosphorus compared with the salt-stressed control. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that these effects might be mediated by the modulation of peroxisomal functions. This study demonstrated the potential of IONPs as a promising tool for enhancing rice crop performance under saline conditions with implications for sustainable agriculture in salt-affected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2421-2435"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between extracellular polymeric substances and engineered nanoparticles in aquatic systems and their environmental effects: a comprehensive review","authors":"Xuan Gao, Haozhe Zhang, Xiaonan Zhang, Chaozhi Zhang, Chenxi Mao, Shengdao Shan, Fang Wei, Monika Mortimer and Jing Fang","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00073D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00073D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are secreted during the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, can be adsorbed onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) to form an EPS corona. The presence of EPS corona can significantly alter the environmental processes and toxicity of NPs in aquatic systems. Firstly, this review thoroughly summarizes the interactions between EPS and engineered NPs, including the major interaction mechanisms and their corresponding representative interaction modes, <em>i.e.</em>, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, hydrophobic interaction, chemical bonding, hydrogen bonding, and cation bridging. Currently, classical kinetic and thermodynamic models are considered to be suitable for describing the adsorption of EPS on most NPs. Next, the main environmental processes of NPs influenced by EPS, including their dispersion/aggregation, chemical transformation, and sorption capability, are discussed. Due to the alteration of the above-mentioned environmental processes of NPs, EPS can influence the toxicity effects of NPs on aquatic organisms. The influencing mechanisms of two types of EPS (soluble EPS, S-EPS and bound EPS, B-EPS) on the toxicity of NPs are separately summarized. It is concluded that both types of EPS play their respective roles in influencing the toxicity of NPs. Finally, the subsequent change of microbial EPS secretion influenced by NPs is addressed. As an external stress, NPs exposure has been proven to affect the amount and composition of EPS secretion. However, the mechanism of EPS-NPs interactions needs to be further investigated. We suggest that the vital role of EPS on the transfer of NPs through trophic levels in aquatic systems under long-term exposure should be further examined. Moreover, the correlation between the changes in EPS secretion and NPs toxicity is still unknown. We suggest that advanced <em>in situ</em> analytical techniques and molecular biological technologies should be applied to investigate the effect of EPS on the environmental behavior of NPs. The information provided in this study will enhance our understanding of the crucial role of EPS in determining the biological effects of NPs and contribute to a better assessment of the ecological risks of NPs in aquatic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2177-2192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable staining of microplastics using conjugated polymer nanoparticles†","authors":"H. Peace, M. Broadsmith, D. O'Callaghan, D. Kaloudis, R. L. Coppock and M. Green","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00026B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00026B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics are a recognised global pollutant, contaminating almost all aspects of our daily life, the detection of which primarily relies on visual inspection. The use of a stable and consistent imaging agent is therefore of paramount importance. In this report, we describe the use of conjugated polymer nanoparticles as staining agents, which can, in specific cases, provide a positive stain up to 30 months after initial marking.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2229-2233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d5en00026b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(lactic acid) nanoplastics through laser ablation: establishing a reference model for mimicking biobased nanoplastics in aquatic environments†","authors":"Malavika Manju Sudheer, Arezou Fazli, Stefania Sganga, Nicola Tirelli, Riccardo Carzino, Marina Veronesi, Kirill Khabarov, Athanassia Athanassiou and Despina Fragouli","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00891J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00891J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the well-documented negative environmental impacts of conventional plastics, the use of bioplastics has been increasing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is currently among the most common and industrially available bioplastics. Although PLA is compostable under industrial conditions and generally degrades more quickly than conventional plastics, its breakdown in typical environmental settings remains problematic. PLA's potential to contribute to plastic pollution, by releasing microplastics and nanoplastics, makes it crucial to understand how these particles behave, especially in marine environments. However, as for all nanoplastics, identifying, isolating, and quantifying PLA nanoplastics in water presents significant challenges. This study proposes a versatile approach to fabricate PLA nanoplastics through laser ablation in a water environment to mimic real-world samples. Commencing with bulk PLA films, this top-down method yields the formation of nanoplastics with an average diameter of 54.7 ± 26.7 nm. Surface and chemical analyses confirm the presence of carboxylic groups on their surface, potentially resembling the environmental degradation pathway of PLA under exposure to sunlight and humid environments. This indicates that the proposed process results in a PLA nanoplastics system that serves as an invaluable reference model, enabling realistic environmental scenario explorations and simulations for risk assessment evaluations on bio-based nanoplastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 4","pages":" 2395-2406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/en/d4en00891j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}