Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"Detection of Amoxicillin by Lead Ferrite-Based Electrochemical Sensor","authors":"Faisal K. Algethami, Bibi Sara, Saima Perveen, Jameel Ahmed Baig","doi":"10.1039/d5en00362h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00362h","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The proposed study aims to develop an electrochemical sensor for quantifying amoxicillin (AMX) antibiotic using a lead ferrite nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrode (PbFe12O19-NPs/GCE). Methods: The PbFe12O19-NPs were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The synthesized PbFe12O19-NPs were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and employed to develop an electrochemical sensor (PbFe12O19-NPs/GCE). The PbFe12O19-NPs/GCE-based electrochemical characterization was accomplished by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Results: The characterization of PbFe12O19-NPs confirmed its hexagonal phase with rough morphology. The electrochemical characterization revealed the diffusion behaviour of PbFe12O19-NPs/GCE. PbFe12O19-NPs/GCE was applied for electrochemical detection of AMX in a dynamic range of 0.005 to 215 µM (R2 = 0.99) with a detection limit of 1.64 nM. The sensor was successfully applied to the analysis of biological and industrial/tap water samples, with recovery rates of 95.1 to 98.3%. Conclusion: The excellent performance of the developed electrochemical method confirms that it can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of AMX in different sample matrices.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the promoting effect of water on formaldehyde oxidation over Pt/TiO2: insights from H/D kinetic isotope effect, in situ FTIR, and DFT","authors":"Lu Wang, Siyuan Zhang, Jukun Xiong and Meicheng Wen","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00541H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00541H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Formaldehyde (HCHO), a prevalent indoor volatile organic compound, poses significant health risks to humans even at very low concentrations. As a result, its efficient degradation at room temperature is of utmost importance. However, the detailed mechanism for catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde remains unclear, particularly regarding the role of water vapor, which has been subject to considerable debate. In this study, we synthesized Pt-supported TiO<small>₂</small> glass fiber catalysts (Pt/TiO<small>₂</small> GF) <em>via</em> NaBH<small>₄</small> reduction to investigate the reaction pathways and clarify the influence of water vapor on the oxidation process. The reaction mechanism and intermediates were systematically studied at room temperature using <em>in situ</em> diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), kinetic isotope effect (KIE) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Results revealed a clear reaction pathway of HCHO → DOM → HCOO<small>⁻</small> → CO<small>₂</small>, with formate C–H bond cleavage (HCOO<small>⁻</small>* + O* → CO<small>₂</small> + OH*) identified as the rate-determining step. Both experimental KIE results and theoretical calculations confirmed that water vapor substantially reduces the activation barrier for this step, significantly promoting formate decomposition and subsequent CO<small>₂</small> formation. This work provides critical insights into the role of water in enhancing formaldehyde oxidation and offers theoretical support for developing efficient catalysts suitable for humid environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4446-4459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Green” carbon dots from coffee waste for adsorption of xenobiotic and trace heavy metals in both aquatic and physiological media","authors":"Natalia Krisanova, Konstantin Paliienko, Natalia Pozdnyakova, Artem Pastukhov, Mykola Driuk, Liliia Kalynovska, Marina Dudarenko, Arsenii Borysov, Valeriy Skryshevsky, Vladimir Lysenko and Tatiana Borisova","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00345H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EN00345H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Xenobiotic and trace heavy metals such as Pb<small>²⁺</small>, Cd<small>²⁺</small> and Cu<small>²⁺</small>, which abundantly pollute the environment, are hazardous neurotoxicants. Herein, the ability of “green” carbon dots from coffee waste (CCDs) to adsorb Pb<small>²⁺</small>, Cd<small>²⁺</small> and Cu<small>²⁺</small> in aquatic media and in biological systems, such as presynaptic rat cortex nerve terminals, was assessed. Using ICP-MS and DLS, it was demonstrated that CCDs were able to adsorb Pb<small>²⁺</small>, Cd<small>²⁺</small> and Cu<small>²⁺</small> in water, forming complexes with these metals. In animal experiments, CCDs, even at a high concentration of 2 mg ml<small>⁻¹</small>, did not change the extracellular levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter <small>L</small>-[<small>¹⁴</small>C]glutamate and inhibitory one [<small>³</small>H]GABA in nerve terminal preparations, and so, CCDs are highly biocompatible. Combined application of CCDs with Pb<small>²⁺</small>, Cd<small>²⁺</small> and Cu<small>²⁺</small> resulted in a significant mitigation of the acute Pb<small>²⁺</small>/Cd<small>²⁺</small>/Cu<small>²⁺</small>-induced increase in the extracellular levels of <small>L</small>-[<small>¹⁴</small>C]glutamate and [<small>³</small>H]GABA in nerve terminal preparations. Therefore, CCDs did not possess neurotoxic effects and, due to their original synthesis methodology, were able to adsorb Pb<small>²⁺</small>, Cd<small>²⁺</small> and Cu<small>²⁺</small> in aquatic media and in biological systems, mitigating acute Pb<small>²⁺</small>/Cd<small>²⁺</small>/Cu<small>²⁺</small>-induced neurotoxicity in nerve terminals. CCDs have prophylactic and therapeutic potential to combat heavy metal poisoning. This study fits several key priorities in environmental science as a heavy metal adsorbent obtained from biowaste using an eco-friendly synthesis protocol has the potential to combat heavy metal poisoning in organisms and wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4395-4407"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the mechanisms of biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon-facilitated transport of oxytetracycline in saturated porous media","authors":"Taotao Lu, Xiaochen Liu, Xiaochen Peng, Yuqian Jin, Sven Frei, Jianqiang Lu and Shuangcheng Tang","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00495K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00495K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) may influence the environmental fate and behavior of tetracycline antibiotics in subsurface environments. In this study, BDOC derived from the pyrolysis of wheat straw at three distinct temperatures (300 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C) was used to investigate its influence on the transport of oxytetracycline (OTC) through saturated quartz sand. The findings demonstrated that BDOC enhanced OTC mobility due to steric hindrance caused by organic matter accumulation, competition for retention sites between OTC and BDOC, and increased electrostatic repulsion between anionic species, including OTC<small>⁻</small> ions and quartz sand. Notably, the mobility-enhancing effects of BDOC became significantly more pronounced at higher pyrolysis temperatures, likely resulting from increased organic matter deposition on sand surfaces and intensified electrostatic interactions. However, the promoting effect of BDOC on OTC transport was attenuated as pH increased from 5.0 to 9.0, which was attributed to reduced competitive deposition and steric effects caused by BDOC retention. Furthermore, cation-bridging, particularly with Cu<small>²⁺</small> in the background solution, amplified BDOC's promotion effects. These results highlight that dissolved organic carbon released from biochar exerts a notable influence on the antibiotics' mobility within the aquifers.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4247-4258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient PH3 removal over Cu-doped active carbon with stable active Cu2+ species enabled by nitrogen modification","authors":"Yihui He, Lin Ye, Wanglai Cen, Jianjun Li and Dengrong Sun","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00732A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00732A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The effective elimination of the highly toxic phosphine (PH<small>₃</small>) is crucial for environmental and human health. Nonetheless, developing efficient methods for the removal of PH<small>₃</small> and its conversion into valuable resources remains a significant challenge. Herein, we reported a novel strategy of N doping in Cu-doped active carbon (Cu-AC) to realize efficient PH<small>₃</small> removal. Introduction of N into Cu-AC induces strong interaction between Cu and N, which greatly promotes the dispersion of Cu species and stabilize the active Cu<small>²⁺</small> species of PH<small>₃</small> removal due to the electronegativity of N. In addition, doping N also improves the basic intensity and oxidation capability, which provide high benefits for the adsorption and activation of PH<small>₃</small>. As a result, the obtained N-doped Cu-AC (Cu-N-AC) shows exceptional performance for the oxidative removal of PH<small>₃</small> to generate H<small>₃</small>PO<small>₄</small> at 70 °C, reaching a high breakthrough capacity of 534.5 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>, which outperforms most of the previously reported catalysts. Cu-N-AC can be easily regenerated through water washing and air drying, showcasing its great potential for practical applications. This study not only introduces a promising material for PH<small>₃</small> removal, but also offers an innovative approach to design catalysts for efficient PH<small>₃</small> utilization, presenting an important contribution to the field of phosphorus resource recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4436-4445"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental and morphological diversity of individual magnetic particles from urban surfaces: implications for adverse health outcomes","authors":"Xiangxing Long, Jonas Wielinski, Zhe Zhao, Pierre Herckes, Manuel A. Roldan, Gregory V. Lowry and Paul Westerhoff","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00544B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00544B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Urban magnetic dust particles (MDPs) are heterogeneous materials containing elemental iron (Fe<small>⁰</small>), magnetite (Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>) and trace elements, which potentially pose health risks upon inhalation. The composition of nanoscale MDPs, which have risks of passing the blood brain barrier, has only recently been the subject of quantitative characterization at single-particle level. This study investigates the heterogeneity of hundreds to thousands of MDPs collected from urban parking garages at the individual particle level using both single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (spICP-TOFMS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (STEM-EDX). spICP-TOFMS analysis reveals that only ∼8.6% of MDPs contain Fe, while STEM-EDX shows Fe in over 99% of particles. The discrepancy is attributed to “Fe-missing particles” enriched with other elements, which, because of their small diameter and low MS response, fall below the spICP-TOFMS detection limit. In contrast, EDX identifies fewer trace-level metals, due to its higher detection limit for metals (0.1%) than TOFMS. Operationally, spICP-TOFMS exhibits higher throughput of particles, while STEM-EDX requires more labor and time-intensive procedures. Three key differences between these methods significantly influence the identification and significance of heterogeneous MDPs: (1) oxygen impacts iron oxidation state interpretation and is detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of bulk MDPs or single particle using EDX but not by spICP-TOFMS; (2) spICP-TOFMS exhibits varying detection limits for iron <em>versus</em> potentially catalytic elements (<em>e.g.</em>, Cu, Pt, <em>etc.</em>); and (3) spICP-TOFMS has higher particle surveying efficiency compared to EDX. Using both methods reveals complementary insights into the size, shape, composition and potential redox state of MDPs that impact pollution, and potentially respirable particles that lead to adverse human health impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4339-4349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144802864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingestion and insecticidal effects of cetylpyridinium chloride functionalized carbon nanotubes on Spodoptera litura: oxidative stress, metabolic disruptions, and reproductive toxicity","authors":"Mohd Jameel, Fouzia Mashkoor, Mohd Amir, Mohd Shoeb and Changyoon Jeong","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00295H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00295H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the insecticidal potential of cetylpyridinium chloride-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CPC-CNTs) against <em>Spodoptera litura</em> larvae, with a focus on oxidative stress induction, antioxidant enzyme dynamics, and reproductive toxicity. Structural analyses confirmed successful CPC functionalization of carbon nanotubes, enhancing their dispersion and biological interaction. Upon exposure, CPC-CNTs elicited dose-dependent oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated lipid peroxidation levels (malondialdehyde reaching 6.74 ± 0.21 nmol mg<small>⁻¹</small> protein) and transient increases in antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) peaked at 48 hours (3.58 ± 0.19 and 5.14 ± 0.17 U mg<small>⁻¹</small> protein, respectively), while glutathione <em>S</em>-transferase (GST) also showed an initial rise followed by significant declines in all enzymes at higher concentrations and longer exposure durations, indicating compromised antioxidant defenses. Biologically, treated larvae exhibited marked feeding inhibition, developmental delays, and paralysis. Reproductive performance was significantly impaired, with fecundity decreasing by 23.7%, egg hatchability dropping from 97.3% to 76.8%, and adult emergence reduced by 35.7%. Larval mortality increased dose-dependently, reaching 42.2% at 0.6% CPC-CNTs, and malformation incidence was recorded at 23.34% in the highest treatment group. These findings reveal that CPC-CNTs exert multifaceted toxic effects on <em>S. litura</em> and demonstrate their promise as a nano-enabled insecticidal agent. However, further ecotoxicological assessments are essential to ensure their safe application within integrated pest management (IPM) frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4360-4376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic validation and integration analysis of iron nanomaterials in alleviating plant stress: a data-driven approach","authors":"Ting Wu, Yilin Zhao, Xiaohan Du, Yizhou Feng, Weihuang Zhu, Jie Hou and Daohui Lin","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00496A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00496A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Environmental adverse stressors easily induce the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells, thereby compressing their photosynthetic capacity and development. Iron nanomaterial (Fe NM) regulation of reactive oxygen species is an efficient strategy for nanoenabled sustainable agriculture. Through meta-data analysis, machine learning, and model construction, we systematically established a unified framework among oxidative stress, defense, photosynthesis, and growth relations for Fe NM enhancement of plant stress tolerance. It indicated that exposure types, contents, sizes, duration, and reaction medium of Fe NMs are the main factors for mitigating both photosynthetic damage and growth inhibition in plants. The potential regulatory processes of Fe NMs for alleviating plant stress in photosynthetic systems can be categorized as either a significant nano-effect that activates antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic metabolites, or an accompanying ion effect for iron homeostasis. Additionally, we discussed the current research gaps concerning Fe NMs applied for promoting plant tolerance. This review discusses how Fe NMs reconstruct the balance of oxidative stress and defense and further promote plant photosynthesis and growth, which can provide reliable guidance for future research on plants under environmental stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4181-4196"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144792898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline soil disintegration and organic nanocolloidal-dissolved U release under IPCC-based elevated CO2 conditions with global environmental risk implication","authors":"Ziyan Wang, Caiqin Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Daoyong Zhang and Xiangliang Pan","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00441A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00441A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Alkaline soils sustain billions of people worldwide. These soils serve as vast uranium (U) reservoirs containing ppm levels of U. Elevated global CO<small>₂</small> (eCO<small>₂</small>) levels may lead to the massive release of U from alkaline soils, posing a great environmental risk. However, the mechanistic responses of U release in alkaline soils to eCO<small>₂</small> are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated structural stability, U mobility, and phase partitioning in two alkaline soils under IPCC scenario-based eCO<small>₂</small> conditions using single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) elemental mapping, in conjunction with U speciation analysis. Exposure to eCO<small>₂</small> resulted in substantial U release from both soils, dominantly in the dissolved phase (51.07–78.10%) and nanocolloidal phase (10.24–45.85%). Within nanocolloids, U was predominantly enriched in organic phases derived from disaggregated calcareous mineral–organic complexes. pH drop and DIC rise induced by eCO<small>₂</small> are crucial for U release. Reduced pH caused dissolution of cementing calcareous minerals and breakdown of mineral–OM complexes and, thus, the release of colloids, DOM and their associated U. Enhanced DIC under eCO<small>₂</small> resulted in an increase in UO<small>₂</small>(CO<small>₃</small>)<small>₃</small><small>⁴⁻</small> but a decrease in UO<small>₂</small>(CO<small>₃</small>)<small>₂</small><small>²⁻</small>, which promoted the release of dissolved U. These novel findings are helpful for gaining deep insights into U behavior and risk in soils in the context of future climate change and imply that future global climate change may drastically weaken soil health and amplify environmental risks of U, which is a global environmental and health concern that needs enough attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4408-4419"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threat beneath the surface: impact of micro(nano)plastics on aquatic microorganisms†","authors":"Yongxin Shang, Yong Yue, Peng Jiang, Xianghong Dong, Lei Gan, Haibo Jiang, Miao An, Jian Shao and Zhenlu Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EN00360A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EN00360A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, yet their impact on eukaryotic microorganisms within microbial flocs remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of MPs (8 μm) and NPs (80 nm) on aquaculture-related microbial communities over a 4 week exposure period. Microbial floc samples were analyzed on days 7 and 28 post-exposure using 18S rRNA sequencing and functional prediction tools. Key findings revealed that NPs and MPs induced distinct temporal shifts in microbial diversity and community structure. On day 7, both NPs and MPs significantly increased microbial abundance, with MPs showing higher Simpson's diversity than NPs. By day 28, MPs caused a marked decline in community richness and altered dominant taxa, while NPs maintained higher diversity. Functional analysis highlighted elevated roles of microorganisms in plastic degradation and ATPase-related growth pathways in MP-exposed groups during the early stages. Notably, MNPs reduced the relative abundance of potential animal pathogens in early-stage flocs, with NPs exerting stronger stress on microbial assembly than MPs. Furthermore, NPs preferentially influenced biofilm-forming taxa, whereas MPs promoted shifts toward parasitic fungi. These findings underscore that MNPs disrupt microbial floc ecosystems primarily during initial colonization, with long-term stability restored through community self-regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 9","pages":" 4327-4338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}