Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing Cold Sintering of Nanomaterials for Fusarium Control: A New Frontier in Sustainable Agricultural Nanotechnology","authors":"Kaveh Rahimi Mamaghani,Marzieh Alikarami,Hossein Saremi,Nader Parvin","doi":"10.1039/d5en01177a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01177a","url":null,"abstract":"The Cold Sintering Process (CSP) has emerged as a promising technique in the fabrication of antifungal nanomaterials, offering a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to conventional high-temperature sintering methods. By operating at significantly lower temperatures (typically below 300°C), CSP enables the incorporation of heat-sensitive bioactive compounds into stable matrices, preserving their efficacy against phytopathogens such as Fusarium species. Furthermore, CSP enables the creation of multifunctional nanocomposites tailored for environmental stimuli, offering smart release profiles, field-specific adaptability, and compatibility with precision agriculture technologies. Recent advancements have demonstrated the potential of CSP in developing smart delivery systems, including seed coatings, soil amendments, and foliar sprays, which provide targeted and controlled release of antifungal agents. These innovations not only enhance the effectiveness of crop protection strategies but also align with environmental sustainability goals by reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Pilot studies and lab-scale results suggest that CSP could democratize antifungal nanomaterial production, especially for decentralized, resource-limited farming systems. Furthermore, the integration of CSP-fabricated nanomaterials with precision agriculture technologies offers opportunities for real-time monitoring and responsive treatment of plant diseases, optimizing resource use and minimizing environmental impact. By immobilizing nano-active antifungal agents within biodegradable or microstructured matrices, CSP may also reduce uncontrolled nanoparticle dispersion in soil and water, supporting emerging safe-by-design strategies for environmentally responsible agricultural nanotechnology. This perspective evaluates the opportunities, projected advantages, and current limitations of CSP‑enabled antifungal nanomaterials, outlining research priorities for environmentally responsible Fusarium management.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling uncover the mechanisms of silver nanoparticles-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in ApoE-/- mice","authors":"Yi Yang,Ziyan Zhou,Chunyang Liang,Xiaoxia Ou,Ying Ji,Yinqing Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d6en00433d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00433d","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a critical worldwide health issue, however, the impact of extrinsic pollutants on NAFLD pathogenesis under high-fat condition, particularly its molecular mechanisms, remains largely unclear. This study elucidated the mechanisms by which silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) promoted the progression of NAFLD using a multi-omics approach in ApoE⁻/⁻ mice under high-fat diet (HFD) condition. AgNPs exposure significantly increased the hepatosomatic index, hepatic lipid accumulation (elevated TC, TG, LDL-C, and reduced HDL-C), and liver injury markers (AST and ALT, p < 0.05), accompanied by aggravated steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, and collagen deposition. Transcriptomic analysis identified 705 differentially expressed genes, highlighting the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway and upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., Il-1β, Cxcl9). Metabolomic profiling revealed 88 significantly altered metabolites, with lipid-related molecules comprising 26.98%, indicating disruptions in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, and central carbon metabolism. Integrated omics analysis underscored the perturbations in immune and metabolic pathways, suggesting AgNPs exacerbated NAFLD through inflammatory activation and metabolic reprogramming. These findings provide crucial mechanistic insights into the hepatotoxicity of AgNPs in ApoE⁻/⁻ mice under HFD condition, supporting health risk assessment of nanomaterials in metabolically susceptible populations.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic TiO2-NPK composite foliar fertilizer for improved biomass accumulation, nutrient status and physiological performance in Jasminum sambac L. and Gossypium hirsutum L.","authors":"Gimna Maria George,Surya Teja Varanasi,Mohamed Roshan Abu Firnass Mustaffa,Kannan Pandian,M. Kottaisamy","doi":"10.1039/d5en01048a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01048a","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional soil-based fertilizer applications often suffer from low nutrient use efficiency, which limits plant growth and productivity. To address this limitation, a novel starch-supported, citric acid-stabilized photocatalytic composite was developed as a foliar fertilizer. The formulation integrates urea, diammonium phosphate, stabilized potassium, and colloidal titanium dioxide (TiO2). TiO2 nanoparticles have been reported to influence chlorophyll-related physiological responses and plant growth under certain conditions. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of this composite fertilizer in improving plant growth, yield attributes and biomass accumulation in jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) under field conditions and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under controlled pot conditions to assess its performance across contrasting crop production systems. Field and pot experiments revealed significant improvements compared with conventional NPK fertilization and untreated controls. Jasmine plants treated with the TiO2-NPK composite exhibited enhanced growth performance, producing up to 18 branches, 67 leaves, and 31 flowers per plant. In cotton, the treatment increased boll number to 21 per plant compared with 17 under conventional NPK fertilization, and total dry biomass increased from 28.9 to 40.55 g plant-1. The enhanced biomass accumulation also resulted in improved CO2 fixation. These findings emphasize the novelty of integrating photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles into a conventional NPK formulation to create an efficient foliar nutrient delivery system. The developed TiO2-NPK fertilizer formulation offers a more efficient nutrient delivery strategy compared with conventional NPK fertilization, simultaneously enhancing crop productivity and contributing through improved biomass accumulation.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable essential oil-halloysite nanotube dispersions exert highly effective pest control activity with minimal phytotoxicity","authors":"Hanan Abu Hamad,Andy Sand,Naama Massad-Ivanir,Gilad Komash,Michal Pellach Leshem,Antolin Jesila Jesu Amalraj,Guy Mechrez,Nadav Pass,Eyal Kleine,Ester Segal","doi":"10.1039/d6en00207b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00207b","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive use of synthetic pesticides in agriculture has raised serious environmental and human health concerns and has accelerated the emergence of resistant pest populations. Essential oils (EOs), natural plant-derived compounds with potent antimicrobial and insecticidal activities, represent a promising sustainable alternative for crop protection. However, their practical application is limited by high volatility, poor water solubility, environmental instability, and potential phytotoxicity. Here, we present a multifunctional plant-protection strategy based on aqueous dispersions of synergistic EO combinations, in which halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), naturally abundant tubular aluminosilicate clays, are used as EO carriers and interfacial stabilizers. Loading EOs into HNTs enhances thermal stability and supports the retention of bioactive compounds, while adsorption of HNTs at the oil-water interfaces imparts a Pickering-type stabilization effect, promoting the formation of stable aqueous dispersions and mitigating phytotoxicity. Initial screening identified carvacrol (CV), thymol (TY), cinnamaldehyde (CA), and geraniol (GE) as the most potent EO constituents against the phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum, the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and insect pests. Two synergistic EO combinations, TY:CA and TY:GE, were subsequently identified and loaded into HNTs. The resulting formulations were characterized in terms of their structure, stability, and biological performance and evaluated on plant foliage under both laboratory and field conditions. Field-scale assays demonstrated that the HNT/TY:GE (1:4) formulation exhibited strong insecticidal activity against model aphids and spider mites, achieving >85% mortality at 2.0% w/w EO content under the tested short-term conditions. Its efficacy was comparable to or greater than that of the tested commercial insecticides, while showing a reduced phytotoxicity profile relative to the corresponding EO emulsions. Antifungal assays further revealed pronounced activity, reducing disease incidence and fungal colonization on pepper plants.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"82 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step synthesis of fluorescent nanolignin for chromium() fluorometric detection and reduction","authors":"Vinicius S. Santos,Gustavo Metzker,Isabela C. Constantino,Antonio C. Roveda Jr.,Valmor R. Mastelaro,Márcia C. Bisinoti,Altair B. Moreira","doi":"10.1039/d6en00583g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00583g","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin is an abundant by-product of the pulp process and is commonly considered a low-value material, highlighting the need for innovative technological applications. In this study, a novel one-step synthesis of fluorescent nanolignin (FNL) was achieved through a hydrothermal process using Kraft lignin, water and H2SO4 without requiring any kind of purification steps. The synthesis process was optimized to enhance the fluorescence yield, producing FNL particles with sizes ranging from 50 to 350 nm, with intense and sharp fluorescence at λexcitation = 230 nm and a quantum yield of 2.22% at λemission = 340 nm. The Cr(vi) fluorometric sensing was evaluated, achieving a limit of detection and quantification of 0.37 μmol L−1 and 1.11 μmol L−1, respectively, with no significant matrix effect in the studied matrices (deionized water, bottled water and groundwater). Investigation of the sensing mechanism reveals that Cr(vi) is reduced to Cr(iii), a significantly less toxic species, through reaction with the aromatic groups of FNL, which explains the observed fluorescence quenching. These findings show a promising application of FNL in environmental remediation.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speciation Transformation and Toxic Effects of Nanoscale Mercury in Aquatic Environment","authors":"Jiang Yu,Fan Li,Neng Yan,Jianbo Shi","doi":"10.1039/d6en00420b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00420b","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a persistent global pollutant. This review synthesizes recent advances in nanoscale mercury (nHg, particles with at least one dimension of 1–100 nm) in aquatic environments, covering mercury sulfide (HgSNPs), mercury selenide (HgSeNPs), elemental mercury (Hg(0)NPs) and carrier-bound divalent mercury (Hg(II)NPs). Compared with dissolved or bulk Hg phases, nHg exhibits distinct dissolution, redox transformation, aggregation and biological uptake behaviors. We elaborate on nHg environmental speciation transformation, cellular uptake pathways, intracellular dissolution/methylation processes and molecular toxicity mechanisms, and highlight the regulatory roles of intrinsic particle properties (crystal phase, surface defects, size) and extrinsic factors (dissolved organic matter, light irradiation, microbial activity, biomolecular corona) in governing nHg bioavailability. Critical research gaps in in situ speciation characterization, quantitative biotransformation-toxicity relationships and long-term risk assessment are further identified, to support more realistic nHg risk evaluation under the Minamata Convention.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoplastics in the soil environment: toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in the soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda)","authors":"Agata Aleksa,Łukasz Chajec,Anna Ostróżka,Grażyna Wilczek,Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha,Sebastian Student,Katarzyna Sumis,Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska","doi":"10.1039/d6en00381h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00381h","url":null,"abstract":"Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) are among the most common types of nanoparticles in the environment (e.g., soil), and passing through cell membranes, they can accumulate within an animal's body. Based on our experience with cultivation and cytotoxicity studies on the soil centipede Lithobius forficatus, we decided to analyze cytotoxicological parameters induced (or not) by PS-NPs present in the soil. Thus, the aim was to determine whether PS-NPs, after entering the cytoplasm, could affect organelles in midgut epithelial cells, induce changes in storage material, and activate autophagy. Individuals of L. forficatus were cultured in soil contaminated with PS-NPs at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg·kg⁻¹ for different periods, thus the following experimental groups were provided: 10L1,10L3, and 10L6 – the animals cultured in soil with 100 mg/kg dry mass of PS-NPs for 1, 3, and 6 months respectively; 100L1, 100L3, and 100L6 - animals cultured in soil with 100 mg/kg dry mass of PS-NPs for 1, 3, and 6 months respectively. An isolated midgut was prepared for ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy, which revealed changes in midgut cells depending on PS-NPs concentration and the duration of animal exposure. Confocal microscopy and histochemical reactions were used to analyze changes in storage materials and autophagy activation. The quantitative analysis was conducted using flow cytometry. The changes observed in midgut cells in animals cultured in soil contaminated with PS-NPs, depend on both nanoparticle concentration and exposure time. We observed an increase in the number of ROS-positive cells accompanied by increased vacuolization in midgut cells and changes in storage material levels. Thus, a clear link between oxidative stress, vacuolization, autophagy, and the accumulation of storage materials in maintaining midgut cell homeostasis in the presence of NPs in the soil was suggested. However, further studies on cell death, cell proliferation, and antioxidant systems are needed.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-synthesized nano zero-valent iron from Psidium guajava and Mangifera indica leaves for efficient arsenate removal: adsorption behaviour, mechanism and process optimization","authors":"Gourav Mondal,KASTURI CHARAN,Shreya Chakraborty,Vishnu D Rajput,Pradip Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1039/d6en00360e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00360e","url":null,"abstract":"Green-synthesized nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) materials were developed using Mangifera indica (M-nZVI) and Psidium guajava (G-nZVI) leaf extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents for the efficient removal of As(V) from aqueous systems. The use of plant-derived phytochemicals served as reducing and stabilizing agent during synthesis process. Characterization of the synthesized nZVI was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The XRD results confirmed the formation of crystalline Fe0 nanoparticles, while FTIR and XPS analyses revealed surface functional groups and iron oxide/hydroxide species on the nanoparticle surface. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that As(V) removal was strongly influenced by pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, and temperature. Maximum removal efficiencies of 94.85% for G-nZVI and 77.43% for M-nZVI were achieved at pH 6, 1.5 g L-1 dosage, and 1000 µg L-1 initial concentration. Pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption kinetics, indicating the importance of surface-controlled adsorption process. Isotherm analysis showed that adsorption on G-nZVI followed the Langmuir model, whereas M-nZVI was better represented by the Temkin model, suggesting monolayer adsorption on G-nZVI surfaces and adsorbate-adsorbent interactions for M-nZVI. The adsorption process was found to be both spontaneous and endothermic through thermodynamic parameters. Process optimization using Box-Behnken design validated the statistical significance and predictive reliability of the developed quadratic models. Overall, nZVI synthesized via green route showed enhanced adsorption efficiency, highlighting its potential as an effective and eco-friendly material for arsenate removal from water.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dots-Mediated Hydrogen Sulfide Dynamics: Mechanisms, Environmental Transformations, and Sustainable Applications","authors":"Nikky Sharma,Tejasvi Pandey,Vinit Grewal,Vivek Pandey","doi":"10.1039/d6en00148c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00148c","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) is a high-priority environmental contaminant due to its acute toxicity, corrosivity, and continuous release from industrial operations, wastewater treatment, biogas upgrading, geothermal activity, and anaerobic natural systems. Existing H₂S control technologies are frequently energy-intensive, chemically inefficient, and poorly suited to low-concentration or distributed emission sources. Recent advances in environmental nanoscience have enabled fundamentally new strategies for regulating H₂S behaviour through precise control of reactions at nano–environment interfaces. This Review critically evaluates contemporary progress Carbon Dots (C-Dots) and carbon quantum Dots (CQDs)-mediated H₂S dynamics, with a focus on mechanistic understanding of interfacial adsorption, charge transfer, defect-driven activation, and catalytic transformation under environmentally relevant conditions. We examine how functionalization, surface chemistry, defect density, and heterointerface engineering govern H₂S selectivity, reactivity, and fate across gaseous, aqueous, and multiphase systems. Particular attention is given to ultrasensitive nanostructured sensing platforms, engineered nano-adsorbents with tunable sulfur affinity, and photocatalytic and electrochemical architectures that enable the conversion of H₂S into elemental sulfur, sulfate, and hydrogen, thereby coupling pollution mitigation with resource recovery. Emerging multifunctional nanomaterials that integrate sensing, capture, and transformation within single platforms are highlighted as a key direction for next-generation environmental technologies. Finally, we assess critical challenges related to material durability, regeneration, scalability, environmental fate, and lifecycle sustainability. Unlike previous reviews that independently discuss Carbon Dot sensing or photocatalytic applications, this review establishes a unified mechanistic framework connecting synthesis strategies, interfacial adsorption, charge transfer, defect engineering, environmental transformations, and sustainability considerations. By integrating these aspects, it provides rational design principles for developing multifunctional Carbon Dot platforms capable of simultaneous H₂S sensing, capture, catalytic conversion, and environmentally sustainable sulfur management.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Hazardous Environmental Pollutants: Advances in Materials Design, Detection Strategies, and Practical Deployment","authors":"Veeramani Mangala Gowri,Yern Chee Ching,Kuan Yong Ching,Subhashini D,SHANMUGARAJ KRISHNAMOORTHY,H. Ganesha,Rajaji Pavadai,Theelada Panleam,Warit Bunrueang,Sirikanjana Thongmee","doi":"10.1039/d6en00463f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en00463f","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing burden of hazardous environmental pollutants in water, soil, and air has intensified the need for rapid, sensitive, and deployable analytical technologies capable of realtime risk assessment. Conventional instrumental techniques, although highly accurate, remain constrained by high operational costs, complex sample preparation, and limited field applicability, hindering their use in continuous environmental monitoring. Electrochemical sensors have emerged as powerful alternatives for hazardous substance detection owing to their high sensitivity, rapid response, miniaturization capability, and suitability for on-site analysis.In recent years, polymer nanocomposites have attracted significant attention as advanced electrode materials due to their synergistic integration of conducting polymers with carbon nanostructures, metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, and twodimensional nanomaterials. These hybrid systems provide enhanced electrocatalytic activity, improved charge-transfer kinetics, and enlarged electroactive surface areas, enabling highly sensitive detection of environmentally relevant toxicants. This review critically evaluates recent advances in polymer nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of priority hazardous pollutants, including heavy metal ions, pesticides, phenolic compounds, nitroaromatic explosives, nitrite, and hydrazine. Key fabrication strategies, sensor architectures, and signal enhancement mechanisms are systematically discussed, with emphasis on structure-property-performance relationships.Particular attention is given to real-world deployment challenges, including electrode fouling, selectivity in complex matrices, long-term stability, reproducibility, and scalable fabrication.The review further highlights emerging trends in multifunctional nanocomposites and portable sensing platforms, providing insights into their role in next-generation environmental hazard monitoring and early warning systems.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}