Environmental Science: Nano最新文献

{"title":"A multi-nutrient nanocomposite enhances UV stress tolerance and modulates nutrient accumulation in lettuce","authors":"Raja muthuramalingam Thangavelu, Washington da Silva, Jose Angel Hernandez-Viezcas, Vinka Oyanedel Craver, Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey, Christian Dimkpa, Jason C. White, Nubia Zuverza-Mena","doi":"10.1039/d5en00154d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00154d","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel multielement (Zn-Mg-Mn-Fe) nanocomposite that serves both as a UV-protective agent and a nutrient delivery system for Lactuca sativa (lettuce). Plants were grown indoors in a potting soil-like mix, under artificial lighting (from light emitting diodes, LEDs) or under LED+UV radiation to simulate excessive sunlight exposure (light stress). Lettuce was treated with foliar applications of the nanocomposite at 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 300 mg/L, with 1 mL applied per plant during the fifth week of growth (a total of 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 mg of the composite respectively per plant). Plants were exposed to UV radiation (360–400 nm) for 10 hours daily over two weeks. The 300 mg/L treatment significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth, increasing chlorophyll content (66.7% ± 3.5), leaf area (45% ± 2.1), and dry biomass (43.68% ± 1.8) compared to untreated and ionic controls. It also mitigated UV-induced stress, reducing UV-induced damage scores by 73% compared to controls and lowering stress markers, with flavonoid production reduced to 30.5% ± 2.3 of control levels and SOD activity reduced to 25.8% ± 1.8 of control levels. The composite’s-controlled nutrient release mechanism facilitated rapid Mg uptake (220 mg/kg dry weight in leaves within 4 days) and sustained delivery of Zn, Mn, and Fe over a 7–10-day period. Long-term nutrient uptake analysis showed increases in Mn (55.3% ± 3.2), Mg (47.8% ± 2.7), and Fe (62.5% ± 4.1). Enhanced P (28.5% ± 2.2) and K (35.7% ± 3.1) accumulation further boosted the nutritional quality of edible tissues. Additionally, the nanocomposite demonstrated the unique ability to convert harmful UV radiation into visible light, providing dual benefits of UV protection and enhanced photosynthetic activity. These findings highlight the potential of this multi-functional nanocomposite as a sustainable solution to improve crop resilience, optimize nutrient delivery, and combat environmental stress in agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of clay-mediated nZVI composites to alleviate the decline in Cr(VI) removal during co-transport with humic acid and phosphate","authors":"Wenxin Jiang, Nan Xu, Wu Sun, Feng Du","doi":"10.1039/d5en00185d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00185d","url":null,"abstract":"The natural presence of phosphate and humic acid (HA) may impact the removal of Cr(VI) by green synthesized clay-supported nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI@GT) composites. It triggers the investigation of Cr speciation transformation by M-nZVI@GT and K-nZVI@GT, prepared through nZVI@GT loaded on montmorillonite and kaolinite clays. The Cr(VI) removal with the existence of phosphate and HA was investigated during cotransport in water-saturated sand columns. This study revealed that M-nZVI@GT exhibited a higher Cr(VI) removal capacity (82.08 mg·g⁻¹) than K-nZVI@GT (61.74 mg·g⁻¹). However, phosphate showed stronger competition with Cr(VI) for adsorption on the single-layer structured M-nZVI@GT, reducing its removal capacity to 61.98 mg·g⁻¹ and inhibiting Fe0 core corrosion compared to the lamellar-structured K-nZVI@GT. Notably, phosphate enhanced the electrostatic repulsion between M-nZVI@GT and quartz sand, facilitating the mobility of M-nZVI@GT in the sand porous media (increasing from 41.03% to 52.20%). This enhancement was associated with a higher k1d/k1 value, which increased from 0.691 to 0.830. In particular, due to its steric hindrance of macromolecular, less HA entered the lamellar structure of K-nZVI@GT, lowering competitive adsorption with Cr(VI) for active sites. This research’s findings indicate that the K-nZVI@GT, as an environmental-friendly remediation material, can successfully alleviate the inhibitory effects of HA on Cr(VI) removal in contaminated soil. This study highlights the distinct structural construction of Fe-based nanomaterials via different clay meditations to improve the practical application of nanotechnology for soil in-situ remediation.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcystin-LR detection and removal in MOFs-based functional materials","authors":"Hongyu Chu, Ze-Ming Huang, Ge Shen, Yuliang Dong, Chong-Chen Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5en00183h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00183h","url":null,"abstract":"Harmful algae bloom in fresh lake water caused by Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) is of growing environmental concern. M. aeruginosa can release microcystin-LR (MC-LR) that exerts serious threat to human health and safety, which necessitate the advanced solutions for both MC-LR monitoring and elimination. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as emerging environmental functional materials, have demonstrated exceptional potential as multifunctional platforms for MC-LR management. The large specific surface area, high porosity, and abundant active sites of MOFs are favorable for MC-LR adsorption Meanwhile, the semiconductor-like behaviors endow MOFs with high performances for efficient photocatalytic MC-LR degradation. Since there has been an increasing number of studies showing intensive attention to MC-LR prevention, recent progresses of MOFs-based materials for MC-LR detection and removal were reviewed, which highlighted the pivotal roles of MOFs in MC-LR sensors and the design principles of MOFs-based adsorbents/photocatalysts for MC-LR removal. Finally, the limitations, challenges and perspectives of MOFs-based materials for MC-LR prevention were proposed, aiming to provide essential reference values for future research.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the elemental composition of metal(loid)-bearing nanomaterials in wildland-urban interface fire ashes using icp-TOF-MS","authors":"Mahbub Alam, Sheryl Singerling, Mahdi Erfani, Charles Alpers, Mohammed Baalousha","doi":"10.1039/d4en01142b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01142b","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the abundance and elemental composition of metal(loid)c incidental nanomaterials (INMs) in wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire ashes from different sources, including vegetation, structures, and vehicles, collected following the 2020 LNU (the Sonoma-Lake-Napa unit) Lightning Complex Fire in California. Particle number concentrations, elemental compositions and ratios, and size distributions were determined by single particle inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-TOF-MS) coupled with automated two-stage hierarchical clustering analysis. Particle morphologies, elemental compositions, and size were identified by transmission electron microscopy coupled with including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Iron- and Mn-bearing INMs accounted for >80% of INMs detected in vegetation and atmospheric deposition ashes but they represented <50% of all INMs in structural and vehicle ashes. Together, Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ti, Pb, and Zn-bearing INMs accounted for 45 to 75% of all INMs in structural and vehicle ashes and 7 to 13% in vegetation and atmospheric deposition ashes. The sizes of INMs varied between a few tens to a few hundreds of nanometers with larger Ba, Cr, Fe, Ti, Pb, and Zn-bearing INMs in structural and vehicles ashes than in vegetation ashes. Several types of multi-element INMs were identified by SP-ICP-TOF-MS including chromated-copper-arsenate-related NMs (e.g., CuCrO2, CuCr2O4, CrAsO4); CuSn and CuPb alloys; SnPb, SbPb, and SnSb alloys; and CoAl alloys. Overall, this study demonstrates the abundance and elemental makeup of various metal(loid)c INMs in WUI fire ashes. This study highlights the need for further research opportunities into the discovery, transformation, reactivity, fate, and effects of INMs during and following WUI fires.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating nanotoxicity: uncovering associations and predictive factors through machine learning analysis of published literature","authors":"Monrudee Liangruksa, Phurinat Udomsopagit, Khattaman Sriratanophast, Phawat Charoenwong, Purin Kanjanakumnerd, Teeraphan Laomettachit, Surat Teerapittayanon","doi":"10.1039/d4en00814f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00814f","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotoxicity has become a major concern of human health due to the extensive applications of nanomaterials in several fields. This study investigates nanotoxicity by combining association rule mining and supervised machine learning to overcome their limitations when used independently. The data were collected from published literature, which included nanomaterial properties, experimental protocols, and toxicity outcomes. Association rule mining is employed to identify significant associations and hidden patterns. Meanwhile, supervised learning algorithms offer predictive power towards unseen data. As a result, the XGBoost model demonstrates the highest accuracy, reaching approximately 90%. The analysis of feature importance suggests that toxicity is significantly influenced by coat/functional and material. Concurrently, rule mining and classification machine learning results reveal that testing protocols hold equivalent significance to material traits regarding their impact on toxicity. This allows us to gain deeper insights and understanding of nanotoxicity and its influencing factors, facilitating the development of nanoparticle designs, regulations, and standards that promote the safe use and disposal of nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene nanoplastics trigger changes in cell surface properties of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria","authors":"Nigarsan Kokilathasan, Basirath Raoof, Maria Dittrich","doi":"10.1039/d4en01223b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01223b","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic pressures on aquatic ecosystems have led to threats, including nanoplastics, defined as plastic particles less than 1 μm in diameter. This is concerning as cyanobacterial abundance is expected to increase under rising temperatures and carbon dioxide levels. Cyanobacterial cell surfaces are significant in nutrient and metal uptake and cycling; negatively charged functional groups and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) help promote calcium carbonate formation along cell surfaces. Yet, the impacts of nanoplastics on cyanobacterial physiology and surface properties remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on cell growth, morphology, and surface properties of marine <em>Synechococcus</em> sp. PCC8806 and freshwater <em>Spirulina platensis</em>, crucial primary producers and players in many biogeochemical processes, under environmentally relevant nanoplastic concentrations. Nanoplastic aggregation and elevated secretion of EPS minimized negative impacts on growth and morphology by reducing potential nanoplastic–cell interactions. Polystyrene nanoplastics modified cell surface compositions by increasing polysaccharide and lipid contents by up to 35% and 37% in <em>Synechococcus</em> and <em>Spirulina</em>, respectively. Additionally, cell wall thickness increased by 15–20 nm for both cyanobacterial species. Together, these findings demonstrated the impacts of nanoplastics on cell surfaces and the coping mechanisms cyanobacteria employ against polystyrene nanoplastics.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-dependent mercury sequestration and microbial methylation mediated by FeS nanoparticles in contaminated groundwater","authors":"Xiaoyu Huang, Luyao Sun, xianjin tang, Yanyan Gong","doi":"10.1039/d5en00212e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00212e","url":null,"abstract":"Iron sulfide nanoparticles (CMC-FeS) have demonstrated great potential for selective and effective in situ mercury (Hg) immobilization in soil and groundwater through sorption, coprecipitation, or precipitation. Yet, the relative contributions of these immobilization mechanisms on Hg removal and their impacts on microbial mercury methylation in groundwater remain unknown. Here, we revealed that the Hg removal efficiency ranked as sorption (82.2%) &gt; coprecipitation (75.2%) &gt; chemical precipitation (22.3%). Conversely, the net MeHg production exhibited an inverse trend: sorption (46.73 nM) &lt; coprecipitation (50.67 nM) &lt; chemical precipitation (59.82 nM). Other than dissolved Hg(II), the particulate Hg species including sorbed (Hg-CMC-FeSsorp), coprecipitated (Hg-CMC-FeScpt), and precipitated (Hg-CMC-FeSpre) were bioavailable to Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA and contributed to MeHg production following the order of dissolved Hg(II) &gt; Hg-CMC-FeScpt &gt; Hg-CMC-FeSsorp &gt; Hg-CMC-FeSpre. Particulate Hg effectively prevented the microbial reduction of Hg(II) and thus, the production of Hg(0) during Hg methylation. Methylation potential of particulate Hg was probably correlated with the Hg-S coordination configuration. Hg-CMC-FeSsorp and Hg-CMC-FeSpre displayed tetrahedral Hg-S4 coordinations whereas Hg-CMC-FeScpt exhibited a linear Hg-S2 coordination. MeHg production correlated linearly with Hg removal efficiency, and the produced MeHg can be predicted based on the known Hg removal performance. The findings highlight the paramount role of Hg speciation and coordination chemistry in controlling microbial methylation and provided a mechanistic basis for developing next-generation Hg sorbents through structural modulation to achieve enhanced Hg immobilization and inhibited bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"52 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Role of Coexistence Order and Interfacial Forces in the Aggregation of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induced by Nano-SiO2 and Metal Cations","authors":"Pengju Ren, Yihan Chi, Lijuan Wang, Yuanyuan Tang","doi":"10.1039/d5en00392j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00392j","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the aggregation of polystyrene (PS) NPs by kinetics experiments, considering single, simultaneous, and sequential addition of silica (SiO<small>₂</small>) nanoparticles and metal cations. Results demonstrated that ion concentration and strength played a crucial role in determining PS stability across all systems. Surface interaction forces, particularly van der Waals forces, were fundamental mechanisms for PS aggregation. In simultaneous addition system, SiO<small>₂</small> improved PS stability. The higher the concentration of SiO<small>₂</small>, the more significant its stabilizing effect on PS, as SiO<small>₂</small> competed with PS for metal cations. DLVO calculations and zeta potential analyses suggested that electric double layer repulsion was primary factor behind PS stabilization by SiO<small>₂</small>. Additionally, other non-DLVO forces, such as hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, might also affect the stabilization. SiO<small>₂</small> was found to promote PS aggregation in the sequential addition system, contrasting with its stabilizing effect in the simultaneous addition system. The increase in aggregate size was primarily attributed to the bridging effects, though the enhanced electrostatic repulsion prevented a substantial rise in aggregate size. This study highlights how the presence of non-plastic particles influences the environmental behavior of NPs and deepens our understanding of the interactions between PS NPs and SiO<small>₂</small> in complex and realistic aqueous environments.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Depolluting and Antimicrobial Properties of Magnetic AgIO3/Fe3O4@SiO2 Photocatalytic Marine Concrete","authors":"Guo Liang Lin, Mengchen Huang, Kun Han, Xueping Liu, Ruijing Liu, Hao Liu, Ruping Deng, Yu Fang, Qing Li, Min Yi Liu","doi":"10.1039/d5en00321k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00321k","url":null,"abstract":"Visible light photocatalytic concrete represents an emerging technology with substantial potential for mitigating environmental challenges in marine ecosystems. This photocatalytic concrete demonstrates multifunctional capabilities including self-cleaning, decontamination, and antibacterial properties essential for sustainable marine environments. In this study, magnetic AgIO3/Fe3O4@SiO2 was first synthesized and in-situ sprayed onto low porosity underwater non-dispersible concrete fabricated by conduit method. The 56-day compressive strength, cubic and prismatic compressive strength, and impermeability grade of the low porosity underwater non-dispersible concrete are 40.60 MPa, 37.28 MPa, 24.89 MPa and P12-grade, indicating that its suitability for marine infrastructure applications. Moreover, the AgIO3/Fe3O4@SiO2 modified concrete demonstrated photocatalytic performance with 85.1% of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation within 60 minutes, effectively inactivation of Escherichia Coli (E. coli) cultures in seawater within 2 hours, and 75% formaldehyde decomposition within 4 hours under visible light exposure. These excellent properties can be attributed to the high specific surface area of 517.25 m2/g, narrowed band gap of 1.41eV, Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism and efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of AgIO3/Fe3O4@SiO2 .Moreover, analysis revealed that seawater chloride ions (Cl- ) undergo conversion to hypochlorite ions (ClO⁻) through superoxide radical (•O₂⁻)-mediated pathways, synergistically facilitating TC degradation. This work provides a sustainable approach for the industrial preparation of multifunctional photocatalytic underwater concrete, with prospective applications in offshore structures for biofilm inhibition and interfacial organic pollutant degradation at air-water boundaries.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle-mediated mitigation of salt stress-induced oxidative damage in plants: insights into signaling, gene expression, and antioxidant mechanisms","authors":"Km Madhuri Singh, Ambuj Bhushan Jha, Rama Shanker Dubey, Pallavi Sharma","doi":"10.1039/d5en00174a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00174a","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress presents a major challenge to global agriculture, leading to decreased crop yields, diminished food quality, economic losses, and threats to food security. Elevated salinity levels enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions (O₂•−), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and singlet oxygen (¹O₂). These ROS can inflict severe damage on cellular components, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA. Although plants have innate antioxidant defenses to mitigate ROS effects, these defenses often fall short under salinity stress, leading to oxidative damage, stunted growth, and diminished productivity. Recent research highlights the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance plant resilience against salinity-induced oxidative stress. Various types of NPs, metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, ZnO, CeO₂, Se NPs), silicon-based nanoparticles (e.g., Si NPs, SiO₂ NPs), noble metal nanoparticles (e.g., Ag, Au-Ag alloy NPs), carbon-based nanoparticles (e.g., graphene oxide, carbon NPs), chitosan NPs, and composite/functionalized NPs (e.g., polyacrylic acid coated nanoceria, calcium-silicon NPs, selenium-chitosan NPs) can enhance plant resilience to salinity-induced oxidative stress. They enter plants through leaves, roots, or seeds. Once within plant cells, these NPs can act as direct scavengers of ROS or modulate antioxidant defense system. They affect signaling ions such as calcium, signaling molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones, and regulatory factors like transcription factors (TFs), thereby regulating gene expression and production of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, NPs can enhance the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds, such as ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), further strengthening a plant’s ability to withstand oxidative stress. As research advances, understanding the full potential of NPs to mitigate salt stress and enhance agricultural sustainability is crucial. However, the long-term environmental impacts of NPs must also be carefully evaluated to ensure their safe and sustainable use.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}