Journal of psychopathology and clinical science最新文献

{"title":"Semantic signals in self-reference: The detection and prediction of depressive symptoms from the daily diary entries of a sample with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Amanda C Collins,Damien Lekkas,Matthew D Nemesure,Tess Z Griffin,George D Price,Arvind Pillai,Subigya Nepal,Michael V Heinz,Andrew T Campbell,Nicholas C Jacobson","doi":"10.1037/abn0001003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0001003","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience fewer positive and more negative emotions and use fewer positive words to describe themselves. Natural language processing techniques have been used to predict depression, with pronoun and emotion usage being identified as important features. However, it is unclear how depressed individuals use positive and negative words when writing about themselves. Individuals with MDD (N = 258) completed ecological momentary assessments three times a day (including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and a free-text diary entry) and weekly ecological momentary assessments (including a free-text response to a life events prompt) over a 90-day study period. Using natural language processing techniques, we generated 20 model features to detect and predict averages of and changes in weekly depression from diary entries. Four regression models detected and predicted total PHQ-9 and changes in PHQ-9, and two classification models detected and predicted moderate to severe depression. The models classified current (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC] = 0.68) and future depression (AUC = 0.63), and suggest that lower valence increased usage of \"I\"/\"me\"/\"my,\" and lower valence of passages with \"I\"/\"me\" as the subject, influenced model predictions toward more severe depression, supporting prior research. These findings highlight that depressed individuals use less positive and more negative words when referring to themselves. Treatments targeting positive affect and digital interventions with written components may be beneficial for targeting MDD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to alcohol use and problems in adulthood for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The role of common impairments above and beyond ADHD symptom persistence.","authors":"Brooke S G Molina,Christine A P Walther,Frances L Wang,Traci M Kennedy,Patrick J Curran,Elizabeth M Gnagy,Sarah L Pedersen","doi":"10.1037/abn0000986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000986","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a known risk factor for later alcohol-related outcomes, such as drinking at young ages or developing alcohol use disorder by adulthood. However, research has yet to determine whether common ADHD-related impairments (e.g., lower educational attainment) in early adulthood play a role in this outcome above and beyond ADHD symptom persistence. Individuals with (n = 316) and without (n = 223) ADHD in childhood participated in a longitudinal study (Mage = 29). Childhood diagnoses were based on comprehensive, standardized assessments, and follow-up data were self-report and parent report. Mediating pathways through key impairments and ADHD symptom persistence in early adulthood were simultaneously tested, from childhood ADHD (absent/present) to later adulthood (Mage = 29) alcohol outcomes (alcohol-related problems and heavy drinking frequency), using Mplus 8.2. Support was found for the mediating roles of greater social impairment, lower educational attainment, and ADHD symptom persistence in the association between childhood ADHD and alcohol-related problems. Mediation by early adulthood delinquency for alcohol problems was not supported. No mediating pathways to heavy drinking frequency were supported. These findings illustrate the importance of social and academic functioning, in addition to ADHD symptom persistence, in risk for alcohol-related problems as individuals with a history of ADHD in childhood enter a phase of life requiring substantial adulthood responsibility. These results suggest the critical importance of focusing prevention and treatment efforts on major domains of functioning in addition to ADHD symptom reduction for prevention and treatment of harmful alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional correlates of atypical visuoperceptual organization in a multisite clinical high-risk sample.","authors":"Victor Pokorny, Tanya Tran, Trevor F Williams, Joshua Kenney, Steven M Silverstein, James M Gold, James A Waltz, Jason Schiffman, Lauren M Ellman, Gregory P Strauss, Elaine F Walker, Scott W Woods, Albert R Powers, Philip R Corlett, Vijay A Mittal","doi":"10.1037/abn0000992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychotic disorders are thought to exhibit atypical visuoperceptual organization. Furthermore, CHR status is associated with reduced cognitive, social, and role functioning. We hypothesize that atypical visuoperceptual organization may lead to downstream impairments in cognitive, social, and role functioning. However, the degree to which visuoperceptual organization can explain such functioning is unclear. Our sample consisted of four groups: a CHR group (<i>n</i> = 339), a mild psychotic-like experiences group (<i>n</i> = 162), a nonpsychotic clinical group (<i>n</i> = 111), and a healthy control group (<i>n</i> = 199). We measured perceptual organization via Ebbinghaus and Mooney Faces tasks. In the Ebbinghaus task, participants judged the size of target circles in the presence of surrounding circles. In the Mooney Faces task, participants reported whether they detected faces in two-tone images. Ebbinghaus context sensitivity correlated with measures of cognitive ability such as symbol coding, <i>r</i>(572) = .13, <i>p</i>_fdr = .007, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.05, 0.21], verbal learning, <i>r</i>(608) = .1, <i>p</i>_fdr = .016, 95% CI [0.02, 0.18], and reading ability, <i>r</i>(550) = .09, <i>p</i>_fdr = .038, 95% CI [0.01, 0.17]. In contrast, Mooney inverted face detection correlated with social functioning, <i>r</i>(636) = -.09, <i>p</i>_fdr = .025, 95% CI [-0.17, -0.01], role functioning, <i>r</i>(638) = -.16, <i>p</i>_fdr < .001, 95% CI [-0.23, -0.08], and social phobia severity, <i>r</i>(616) = .14, <i>p</i>_fdr = .001, 95% CI [0.06, 0.22]. Increased inverted face detection in CHR may reflect overweighting of perceptual priors, which has downstream effects on functioning in school and workplace settings. Contrary to our expectations, Ebbinghaus context sensitivity did not differ between groups but did relate to general cognitive functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive analysis of craving in smoking cue-exposure research: Differential associations across racial identity and sex.","authors":"Eliza L Marsh, Michael A Sayette, Scott H Fraundorf, Sarah L Pedersen, Kasey G Creswell, Madeline E Goodwin","doi":"10.1037/abn0000990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking cue-exposure research provides a powerful experimental method to investigate craving, test new treatments, and identify individuals and groups who may be at heightened risk for relapse. Exposure to smoking cues consistently increases craving levels, and research indicates that these peak cravings reliably predict a range of clinically meaningful outcomes. To date, studies have been underpowered, however, to evaluate sociodemographic differences in lab-based cravings. This is unfortunate, as differences across racial identities and sex exist in smoking trends and health-related consequences of smoking. The present cue-exposure study leveraged a large sample size and a multifaceted statistical approach, using both means-based and person-centered analyses, to examine craving dynamics among Black and White and male and female smokers. We conducted preregistered analyses of 617 nicotine-deprived individuals who smoke daily (pooled from seven studies) reporting levels of urge before and during smoking cue exposure (i.e., holding a lit cigarette). The results indicated that Black female and male participants exhibited heightened urge ratings at the outset of the study and were more prone to experiencing maximal peak-provoked craving during cue exposure compared to White female and male participants. Further, White female participants demonstrated heightened cue reactivity relative to White male participants. Findings provide compelling evidence to support a more comprehensive approach to understanding experimentally induced cigarette craving than is currently employed in the literature and highlight the importance of considering intersecting identity factors when examining craving. Clinically, the results underscore the value of lab-based research to address racial and sex inequities in smoking behavior and health outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the scope of the withdrawal syndrome: Anhedonia as a core nicotine withdrawal symptom.","authors":"Jennifer M Betts, Timothy B Baker, Daniel M Bolt, Deejay Zwaga, Megan E Piper, Danielle E McCarthy, Tanya R Schlam, Jesse T Kaye, Adrienne L Johnson, Jessica W Cook","doi":"10.1037/abn0000981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some evidence suggests that anhedonia is a component of nicotine withdrawal, but additional research is needed to support this conclusion and establish its clinical relevance. Secondary analyses were conducted for a comparative effectiveness smoking cessation clinical trial of combination nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine patches, and varenicline (<i>N</i> = 1,084). Self-reported consummatory anhedonia was assessed at multiple time points pretarget quit day (TQD) and post-TQD, and biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence was assessed at 4, 12, and 26 weeks post-TQD. Data collection occurred from May 2012 to November 2015. Analyses were conducted using hierarchical linear modeling, logistic regression, and general linear models. Anhedonia demonstrated a prototypical inverted-U pattern from pre- to post-TQD consistent with withdrawal, which was not moderated by medication condition (<i>p</i>s > .83). Greater postquit anhedonia was associated with lower odds of biochemically confirmed abstinence at 4 weeks (odds ratio [<i>OR</i>] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.94, 0.98], <i>p</i> < .001), 12 weeks (<i>OR</i> = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.94, 0.99], <i>p</i> = .001), and 26 weeks (<i>OR</i> = 0.95, 95% CI = [0.93, 0.98], <i>p</i> < .001) post-TQD. These effects remained even after controlling for other withdrawal symptoms and individual characteristics. Gold standard smoking pharmacotherapies had comparable statistical effects on anhedonia's trajectory and association with abstinence during treatment. The results replicate and extend previous research supporting anhedonia as a motivationally significant symptom of nicotine withdrawal. The results suggest anhedonia not only conforms to features of a tobacco withdrawal symptom but is associated with difficulty stopping smoking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality in psychosis decades after onset: Tests of models of the relations between psychopathology and personality.","authors":"Elizabeth A Martin, Jennifer M Blank, Katherine G Jonas, Wenxuan Lian, Roman Kotov","doi":"10.1037/abn0000971","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Models have been put forth to describe relations between psychopathology and personality. However, the relation in individuals with psychotic disorders is unclear. As a test of models of psychopathology-personality in psychosis, the current study included 239 individuals, each with one of four psychotic disorders-schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BPp), major depressive disorder with psychotic features (MDDp), and substance-induced psychosis (SIP)-and compared their personality to a never-psychotic sample (NP; <i>n</i> = 257). In support of the complication + scar model, we found SZ, BPp, MDDp, and SIP were significantly higher on neuroticism and detachment, and most were higher on mistrust and eccentric perceptions than the NP group (average Cohen's <i>d</i> = |0.83| across all personality measures). Also compared to the NP group, SZ was lower on extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; MDDp was lower on extraversion and conscientiousness; and SIP was lower on agreeableness and conscientiousness (average Cohen's <i>d</i> = |0.77|). Differences were observed among the psychotic disorder groups (SZ, BPp, MDDp, SIP), with effects up to <i>d</i> = 1.38. In support of the complication model, the non-recovered group was significantly higher on mistrust, eccentric perceptions, and detachment but lower on extraversion and conscientiousness than the recovered group (average <i>d</i> = |0.57| across measures). In support of the scar model, individuals who met threshold for recovery continued to manifest personality deviations, although smaller in magnitude (average <i>d</i> = |0.32| across measures) compared to NP. Overall, we found support for the complication and scar models, suggesting that while symptoms are associated with personality differences, psychosis is associated with permanent personality alterations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"251-261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of high-dosage experiments in everyday life to test theories in clinical science.","authors":"Jesse R Cougle","doi":"10.1037/abn0000956","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This viewpoint article discusses the utility of high-dosage experiments (HDEs) in everyday life to test theories in clinical science. HDEs involve experimental manipulations and assessments that occur over much longer periods of time than traditional experiments-generally days or even weeks. By nature, they also occur outside the lab, in the everyday environments of participants. Additionally, as with other experiments, the purpose of the study is concealed from participants. Experimental design is one of the most distinguishable characteristics of psychology that separates it from other behavioral sciences. Studies that rely on experiments are essential for theory testing and establishing the potential causal role of mechanisms that underlie psychopathology. Yet despite the value of experimental research, experimental studies are not currently given special prominence in clinical psychological science. For example, in the <i>Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science</i>, of all the empirical studies in the most recent year (2023), only three of 77 incorporated an experimental manipulation. Experimental research appears to be less popular in clinical psychology than in other fields, such as social psychology. What might account for this discrepancy? First, clinical samples are more difficult to recruit. This is important because experimental manipulations may produce small effects that require large samples for detection. Additionally, mechanisms hypothesized to underlie psychopathology are often chronic and intransigent. For example, cognitive factors (e.g., perfectionistic beliefs) could require an especially strong manipulation to modify in isolation. Researchers have argued that psychology has been experiencing a crisis in theory development. Eronen and Bringmann (2021) stated that one major reason for this crisis is the difficulty in establishing causal relationships between psychological constructs. The replication crisis has garnered even more attention (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). HDEs would help address these two crises and provide stronger and more replicable tests of theory. This could allow us to more precisely identify important mechanisms underlying psychopathology, potentially enhancing treatment efficacy, and enabling us to move the field forward. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"213-214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity subtypes during a positive mood induction: Predicting clinical response in a randomized controlled trial of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression.","authors":"Shabnam Hossein, Mary L Woody, Benjamin Panny, Crystal Spotts, Meredith L Wallace, Sanjay J Mathew, Robert H Howland, Rebecca B Price","doi":"10.1037/abn0000951","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ketamine has shown promise in rapidly improving symptoms of depression and most notably treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, given the heterogeneity of TRD, biobehavioral markers of treatment response are necessary for the personalized prescription of intravenous ketamine. Heterogeneity in depression can be manifested in discrete patterns of functional connectivity (FC) in default mode, ventral affective, and cognitive control networks. This study employed a data-driven approach to parse FC during positive mood processing to characterize subgroups of patients with TRD prior to infusion and determine whether these connectivity-based subgroups could predict subsequent antidepressant response to ketamine compared to saline infusion. 152 adult patients with TRD completed a baseline assessment of FC during positive mood processing and were randomly assigned to either ketamine or saline infusion. The assessment utilized Subgroup-Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation to recover directed connectivity maps and applied Walktrap algorithm to determine data-driven subgroups. Depression severity was assessed pre- and 24-hr postinfusion. Two connectivity-based subgroups were identified: Subgroup A (<i>n</i> = 110) and Subgroup B (<i>n</i> = 42). We observed that treatment response was moderated by an infusion type by subgroup interaction (<i>p</i> = .040). For patients receiving ketamine, subgroup did not predict treatment response (β = -.326, <i>p</i> = .499). However, subgroup predicted response for saline patients. Subgroup B individuals, relative to A, were more likely to be saline responders at 24-hr postinfusion (β = -2.146, <i>p</i> = .007). Thus, while ketamine improved depressive symptoms uniformly across both subgroups, this heterogeneity was a predictor of placebo response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"228-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic reexperiencing and alcohol use: Mediofrontal theta as a neural mechanism for negative reinforcement.","authors":"Eric Rawls, Craig A Marquardt, Spencer T Fix, Edward Bernat, Scott R Sponheim","doi":"10.1037/abn0000925","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over half of U.S. military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) use alcohol heavily, potentially to cope with their symptoms. This study investigated the neural underpinnings of PTSD symptoms and heavy drinking in veterans. We focused on brain responses to salient outcomes within predictive coding theory. This framework suggests the brain generates prediction errors (PEs) when outcomes deviate from expectations. Alcohol use might provide negative reinforcement by reducing the salience of negatively valenced PEs and dampening experiences like loss. We analyzed electroencephalography responses to unpredictable gain/loss feedback in <i>n</i> = 82 veterans of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom. We used time-frequency principal components analysis of event-related potentials to isolate neural responses indicative of PEs, identifying mediofrontal theta linked to losses (feedback-related negativity) and central delta associated with gains (reward positivity). Intrusive reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD were associated with intensified mediofrontal theta signaling during losses, suggesting heightened negative PE sensitivity. Conversely, increased hazardous alcohol use was associated with reduced theta responses, implying a dampening of these negative PEs. The separate delta-reward positivity component showed associations with alcohol use but not PTSD symptoms. The findings suggest a common neural component of PTSD and hazardous alcohol use involving altered PE processing. We suggest that reexperiencing enhances the intensity of salient negative PEs, while chronic alcohol use may reduce their intensity, thereby providing negative reinforcement by muting posttraumatic distress and associated brain responses. Modifying the mediofrontal theta response could address the intertwined nature of PTSD symptoms and alcohol use, providing new avenues for treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"308-318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analytic evaluation of cognitive endophenotypes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Comparisons of unaffected relatives and controls.","authors":"Leiana de la Paz, Brendan M Whitney, Ethan M Weires, Molly A Nikolas","doi":"10.1037/abn0000985","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology. Endophenotypes are assumed to be linked to the genetic underpinnings of complex disorders and have become a popular approach for investigating the etiology of ADHD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of cognitive endophenotypes for ADHD by examining differences in performance among unaffected first-degree relatives of individuals with ADHD and non-ADHD controls. Literature searches were conducted through July 2024 using PsycINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases. Forty articles met full inclusion criteria, which included performance on tasks across 10 comparable neurocognitive constructs. Multilevel meta-analysis of 229 effect sizes indicated that unaffected first-degree relatives of individuals with ADHD performed significantly worse than non-ADHD controls in several domains, including working memory (Hedges' <i>g</i> = 0.29), processing speed (<i>g</i> = 0.26), response time variability (<i>g</i> = 0.40), temporal processing (<i>g</i> = 0.30), and cognitive flexibility (<i>g</i> = 0.20). There were no significant differences between unaffected first-degree relatives and non-ADHD controls on measures of inhibition, arousal, motor functioning, planning, and delay aversion. Substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes was explained by differences in samples but with limited evidence of moderation by sex and age. Overall, these findings suggest that nonexecutive cognitive domains along with working memory and cognitive flexibility may be most fruitful for linking genetic risk for ADHD to other causal factors and ultimately to the expression and continuation of ADHD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"319-338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}