Ashley Grant, Michael Ben Yehuda, Hannah Tran, Tom J Barry
{"title":"The association between working memory and jumping to conclusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ashley Grant, Michael Ben Yehuda, Hannah Tran, Tom J Barry","doi":"10.1037/abn0001106","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0001106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is a reasoning bias that has been linked to delusions. Studies have explored the contribution of impaired working memory to JTC, but this research has yet to be synthesized. A systematic review and two multilevel meta-analyses were conducted to quantify the association between working memory and JTC. One meta-analysis included correlational studies, whereas the other included studies comparing working memory among people with and without JTC biases. Meta-regressions tested the moderating effects of clinical status and JTC task difficulty in the correlation meta-analysis. Twenty-three studies (<i>N</i> = 2,058) met the inclusion criteria. A small but significant pooled effect for the association between working memory and JTC was present across correlational studies (<i>k</i> = 30; Fisher's <i>z</i> = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.09, 0.23], <i>p</i> < .001). There was also a significant pooled effect across studies when comparing working memory performance among people with JTC biases to those without (<i>k</i> = 44; Hedges' <i>g</i> = -0.43, 95% CI [-0.51, -0.34], <i>p</i> < .001). There was inconclusive evidence of moderation by clinical status or task difficulty. Findings were limited by differences in the way JTC was operationalized and measured across studies, requiring included studies to be divided between two meta-analyses and reducing statistical power. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"1149-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147292066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali F Sloan, Jordan D Alexander, Jarrod M Ellingson, Daniel E Gustavson, John K Hewitt, Christian J Hopfer, William G Iacono, Matt McGue, Soo Hyun Rhee, Chandra A Reynolds, Scott I Vrieze, Sylia Wilson, Jonathan D Schaefer
{"title":"Nicotine use and psychoticism: A longitudinal co-twin control analysis.","authors":"Ali F Sloan, Jordan D Alexander, Jarrod M Ellingson, Daniel E Gustavson, John K Hewitt, Christian J Hopfer, William G Iacono, Matt McGue, Soo Hyun Rhee, Chandra A Reynolds, Scott I Vrieze, Sylia Wilson, Jonathan D Schaefer","doi":"10.1037/abn0001163","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0001163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotine use, particularly in adolescence, has been linked to increased psychosis risk in observational studies; however, the causal status of these associations remains unclear. We analyzed data from 3,836 twins from two longitudinal community samples with repeated nicotine use measures from adolescence into adulthood and a dimensional measure of psychosis proneness (psychoticism) in adulthood. We used individual-level mixed-effects models and co-twin control analyses that decompose associations into between-pair (familial) and within-pair (controlling for shared genetic and environmental factors) components, covarying sex, zygosity, cohort, age, and co-occurring substance use. Adolescent nicotine use predicted adult psychoticism at the individual level (β = .09, 95% confidence interval [CI; .06, .12]). Co-twin control analyses revealed significant between-pair effects (β = .10, 95% CI [.07, .14]) but nonsignificant within-pair effects (β = .04, 95% CI [-.02, .11]), suggesting familial confounding. Effects attenuated after accounting for adulthood nicotine use, suggesting longitudinal associations are attributable to continuity of nicotine exposure. Prospective co-twin control models over 4 years in adulthood also yielded null within-pair effects (β = .02, 95% CI [-.07, .11]). In contrast, cross-sectional adulthood associations persisted at the within-pair level (β = .12, 95% CI [.07, .17]), consistent with proximal rather than enduring effects. Taken together, associations between adolescent nicotine use and adulthood psychoticism appear largely attributable to shared familial factors and continuity of nicotine use into adulthood. Similarly, longitudinal analyses across two adult time points provide no evidence for enduring prospective causal effects. However, adult nicotine use shows cross-sectional associations with psychoticism, independent of familial confounding, suggesting potential causal effects over shorter term timescales warrant further investigation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"1125-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothy B Baker, Daniel M Bolt, Thomas M Piasecki, Jesse T Kaye
{"title":"Exploring the nature and relationship of tobacco cigarette craving and withdrawal.","authors":"Timothy B Baker, Daniel M Bolt, Thomas M Piasecki, Jesse T Kaye","doi":"10.1037/abn0001171","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0001171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The status of craving as a tobacco withdrawal symptom is unclear. Some withdrawal scales include it, whereas others do not. This issue is theoretically and clinically important and affects the predictive validity and interpretation of withdrawal measures. This study investigated abstinence symptoms among individuals (<i>N</i> = 232) undergoing unmedicated withdrawal from tobacco cigarettes during the first week following a target quit day (TQD). Participants were motivated to quit and were given counseling before and after their TQD. Analyses focused on the dynamic patterns of craving and other withdrawal symptoms before and after the TQD: how such patterns were related to smoking, symptom coherence both cross-sectionally and over time as reflected by principal components analyses, and how symptoms related to two latent symptomatic dimensions reflecting susceptibility and severity as estimated with multidimensional hurdle graded response model analyses. Results showed that relative to other symptoms, craving showed the greatest increase after the quit attempt and was more strongly related to withdrawal-relevant criteria such as smoking heaviness and tobacco dependence. However, craving had the lowest associations with the principal component estimated from all withdrawal symptoms, suggesting relatively weak coherence with the rest of the syndrome. Moreover, in contrast to other symptom types, craving strongly reflected smoking heaviness in the postquit period, in that cigarette use accounted for its TQD-contingent increase. Hurdle models showed that craving was a relatively insensitive marker of withdrawal occurrence, but it reflected the intensity of withdrawal if it occurred. Thus, craving is distinct from other withdrawal symptoms but has clinical utility for predicting important outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"1093-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kurt Winsler, Deanna M Barch, Megan A Boudewyn, Cameron S Carter, Molly A Erickson, Michael J Frank, James M Gold, Angus W MacDonald, J Daniel Ragland, Steven M Silverstein, Andrew P Yonelinas, Steven J Luck
{"title":"Reliability of computational versus noncomputational metrics of working memory and episodic memory in serious mental illness.","authors":"Kurt Winsler, Deanna M Barch, Megan A Boudewyn, Cameron S Carter, Molly A Erickson, Michael J Frank, James M Gold, Angus W MacDonald, J Daniel Ragland, Steven M Silverstein, Andrew P Yonelinas, Steven J Luck","doi":"10.1037/abn0001164","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0001164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computational models can be used to decompose overall behavior into individual parameters that are designed to isolate specific cognitive and neural processes and provide new information about psychiatric disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether these computational parameters have sufficient reliability to replace traditional noncomputational metrics, especially in severe mental illness. The present study asked whether computational parameters can be as reliable as, or even more reliable than, noncomputational performance metrics in healthy control participants (<i>n</i> = 105) and people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (<i>n</i> = 72), bipolar disorder (<i>n</i> = 68), and major depressive disorder (<i>n</i> = 76). These participants were tested in working memory and episodic memory paradigms. We applied a computational model that yielded parameters corresponding to memory storage capacity, memory precision, and the rate of attention lapses. We also examined a noncomputational metric of performance, the mean error. Each participant was tested twice, separated by at least 28 days. In most cases, the computational parameters exhibited good-to-excellent split-half and test-retest reliability (>0.80) that was comparable with the reliability of the noncomputational performance metric. In one case, reliability was substantially better for the memory precision parameter than for the noncomputational metric. In another case, reliability for the memory precision parameter was substantially lower but was improved by the use of hierarchical Bayesian estimation. Thus, when applied thoughtfully, parameters derived from computational models can have excellent psychometric properties, providing a reliable means of isolating the factors that underlie individual and group differences in studies of mental illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"1136-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Fiona Molloy, Devin C Tomlinson, Lora M Cope, Chandra Sripada, Mary M Heitzeg, Alexander S Weigard
{"title":"Less systematic decision-making during delay discounting, but not discounting rate, is robustly linked to psychopathology.","authors":"M Fiona Molloy, Devin C Tomlinson, Lora M Cope, Chandra Sripada, Mary M Heitzeg, Alexander S Weigard","doi":"10.1037/abn0001168","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0001168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delay discounting, the preference for smaller rewards available sooner over larger rewards available later, exhibits robust individual differences and is thought to contribute to risky behaviors, problematic substance use, and a variety of psychiatric disorders. An individual's behavior on delay discounting tasks is often measured using a hyperbolic discounting model, but this model does not account for inconsistent or nonsystematic choices, which can lead to high rates of exclusions. The practice of excluding participants whose behavior is not perfectly systematic can bias results and is inconsistent with a wealth of cognitive science research demonstrating that nonsystematic responses are a characteristic feature of human decision-making. Here, we extended the hyperbolic discounting model to include a parameter that accounts for systematic decision-making and explored how individual differences in systematicity and discounting rate differentially relate to psychopathology and cognition. In a data set of 8,884 adolescents, we found robust relationships between systematicity, but not discounting rate, and parent-, teacher-, and self-report measures of attention problems, internalizing psychopathology, and externalizing psychopathology. Systematicity was also related to cognitive ability, executive functioning, and other parametric measures of noisy decision-making. These findings were then replicated in an independent sample of 115 young adults. Overall, these results suggest the need for further examination of findings in the existing delay discounting literature and emphasize the importance of capturing decision-making mechanisms beyond discounting rate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"1108-1124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13496001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markus Reichert, Iris Reinhard, Urs Braun, Luisa Lutz, Robin Olfermann, Heike Tost, Marco Giurgiu, Irina Timm, Sarah Brüßler, Elena Koch, Lena M Wieland, Oliver Hennig, Janina Schweiger, Matthias F Limberger, Renee J Thompson, Susanne M Jaeggi, Martin Buschkuehl, John Jonides, Ian H Gotlib, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer, Christine Kuehner, Jutta Mata
{"title":"Time of day affects the relation between physical activity and feeling energetic in depression: Two real-life studies.","authors":"Markus Reichert, Iris Reinhard, Urs Braun, Luisa Lutz, Robin Olfermann, Heike Tost, Marco Giurgiu, Irina Timm, Sarah Brüßler, Elena Koch, Lena M Wieland, Oliver Hennig, Janina Schweiger, Matthias F Limberger, Renee J Thompson, Susanne M Jaeggi, Martin Buschkuehl, John Jonides, Ian H Gotlib, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer, Christine Kuehner, Jutta Mata","doi":"10.1037/abn0001161","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0001161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short bouts of physical activity enhance feelings of energy and improve well-being. Circadian rhythm strongly influences mood, but its impact on the association of physical activity and mood is unknown. Intensive longitudinal data were obtained from two independent samples (<i>N</i>s = 106 and 68), each comprising two groups characterized by distinct manifestations of physical activity and energy: participants with depression (<i>n</i><sub>StudyA</sub> = 53; <i>n</i><sub>StudyB</sub> = 32) and healthy participants (<i>n</i><sub>StudyA</sub> = 53; <i>n</i><sub>StudyB</sub> = 36). Participants reported their feelings of energy repeatedly across the day; physical activity was self-rated (Study A) or measured via accelerometers (Study B). Multilevel modeling with three-way moderation analyses was used to test the association of physical activity with feelings of energy as a function of time of day and depression. Across studies, physical activity was consistently related to feelings of energy throughout the day for healthy participants. In contrast, in participants with depression, the relation between physical activity and energy decreased across the day. That participants with depression only felt more energized from physical activity in the morning could be an important starting point for considering circadian rhythm in physical activity interventions for depression. Although the missing ethnicity information from Sample B and high education across samples constrain the generalizability of our findings, the within-person associations nevertheless likely provide relevance for clinical populations and further underscore the potential of intensive longitudinal naturalistic methods to understand complex multidimensional relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"1060-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148972682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evan M Kleiman, Elizabeth A Edershile, Kinjal K Patel, Emma Yoon, Allison Pereira, Amelia H Lint, Catherine R Glenn, Richard T Liu
{"title":"Separating presence from severity in suicidal ideation: Evidence from multilevel hurdle models.","authors":"Evan M Kleiman, Elizabeth A Edershile, Kinjal K Patel, Emma Yoon, Allison Pereira, Amelia H Lint, Catherine R Glenn, Richard T Liu","doi":"10.1037/abn0001130","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0001130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicidal ideation is inherently episodic, yet most analytic approaches treat it as a single continuous process, handling zero inflation as a nuisance through transformation or ill-fitting models. Such approaches may obscure distinct mechanisms governing whether ideation occurs versus how severe it becomes. We applied multilevel hurdle models to ecological momentary assessment data from a large sample of psychiatrically acute adolescents with recent suicidal thoughts (<i>n</i> = 244) to examine whether affective states differentially predict suicidal ideation occurrence and severity. Hurdle models decompose ideation into a binary component (presence) and a continuous component (intensity conditional on presence). Negative and positive affect were partitioned into within-person (momentary) and between-person (person-level average) components, with models examining concurrent and lagged associations while accounting for temporal persistence. Results revealed dissociable processes. Person-level average negative affect robustly predicted ideation occurrence, whereas momentary fluctuations showed weak prospective associations with presence of suicidal ideation. In contrast, both momentary and person-level average negative affect predicted greater severity once ideation was present. Positive affect showed modest concurrent associations with lower suicidal ideation presence and severity but did not reliably predict presence of prospective suicidal thinking. These findings suggest affective states, and specifically negative affect, may primarily function as amplifiers of ideation severity rather than acute triggers of ideation presence. Multilevel hurdle models offer a useful framework for capturing the episodic structure of suicidal ideation and informing real-time prevention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13155369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fée O Fuchs, Annika C Konrad, Philipp Kanske, Leonie Geyer, Sebastian Trautmann
{"title":"The association between childhood maltreatment and emotion recognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fée O Fuchs, Annika C Konrad, Philipp Kanske, Leonie Geyer, Sebastian Trautmann","doi":"10.1037/abn0001173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0001173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood maltreatment is associated with profound and enduring psychological and biological consequences. Among these, impairments in emotion recognition are particularly important, as the ability to recognize emotions is essential for social interaction. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment and behaviorally assessed emotion recognition in adulthood across 40 studies (<i>N</i> = 6,369), with a focus on emotion-specific effects and subtypes of childhood maltreatment. Using correlated hierarchical effects models and multivariate meta-analytic methods, we found a significant negative group difference in emotion recognition accuracy between individuals with high versus low childhood maltreatment exposure (<i>g</i> = -0.13, <i>p</i> < .05), particularly for neutral (<i>g</i> = -0.27, <i>p</i> < .05) and disgusted expressions (<i>g</i> = -0.32, <i>p</i> < .05). However, no significant associations between childhood maltreatment and emotion recognition accuracy, nor effects for reaction times, were found. These results suggest that childhood maltreatment is linked to subtle, emotion-specific alterations in adult emotion recognition, highlighting its long-term relevance and pointing to a complex, multifactorial relationship shaped by individual and contextual influences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathaniel L Phillips, Eli C Berman, Courtland S Hyatt, Leigha Rose, Thomas M Olino, Donald R Lynam, Joshua D Miller
{"title":"Mapping U.S. federal funding for mental health difficulties from 2020 to 2024 to the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology: A registered report.","authors":"Nathaniel L Phillips, Eli C Berman, Courtland S Hyatt, Leigha Rose, Thomas M Olino, Donald R Lynam, Joshua D Miller","doi":"10.1037/abn0001177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0001177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychopathology is a major public health concern, which is why the U.S. government invests billions of dollars annually to investigate its etiology, assessment, course, and treatment. To date, however, there is no empirical mechanism for evaluating how federal research funding is allocated across dimensions of psychopathology. This registered report used the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology as a framework to classify funded research grants from 2020 through 2024 across four psychopathology-focused institutes within the National Institutes of Health according to higher order dimensions of psychopathology. We first present a pilot study supporting the feasibility of using a large language model for this task. In the main study, we quantified the allocation of federal funding across Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology spectra, examining differences across funding agencies, grant mechanisms, and time. Results indicated that the Disinhibited Externalizing spectrum received more funding in this time period than all other spectra combined, and this funding was almost entirely driven by substance-use-related research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Internalizing, Autism, Thought Disorder, and Detachment spectra received substantial allocations of federal funding, all of which were predominantly administered by the National Institute on Mental Health. Finally, Antagonistic Externalizing and Somatoform spectra received comparatively little federal funding. Exploratory analyses characterizing funding allocations according to lower-order constructs (i.e., symptoms, traits, disorders) are provided, too. This work provides the first systematic characterization of U.S. research priorities grounded in a contemporary, dimensional model of psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miriam K Forbes, Tam Pham, Matthew Roberts, Carly J Johnco
{"title":"Rebuilding HiTOP from the ground up: Symptom-level analyses and a revised mapping to the DSM.","authors":"Miriam K Forbes, Tam Pham, Matthew Roberts, Carly J Johnco","doi":"10.1037/abn0001125","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0001125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evidence for the structure of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model relies heavily on analyses of correlations among <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> diagnoses, which entrenches some of their limitations. In this study, we deconstructed the mental disorders covered in HiTOP into individual symptoms-with personality disorders represented via item-level assessment of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders facets-and rebuilt the HiTOP model from the ground up. Participants self-selected into an online mental health study and were randomly split into primary (<i>n</i> = 11,762) and holdout (<i>n</i> = 3,000) samples to identify a robust hierarchy of empirically derived constructs, ranging from symptoms and syndromes to very broad \"superspectra\" of psychopathology. In each sample, both hierarchical clustering and hierarchical principal components analyses were used; the final hierarchical structure was derived based on points of cross-sample and cross-method agreement. The resulting model was remarkably similar to the HiTOP model, including nearly all of the same subfactors, spectra, and superspectra-albeit with some reorganization in the structure. The inclusion of broad disinhibition/hypomania and pathological introversion dimensions represented the most prominent differences compared with the current higher order structure of HiTOP. The detailed lower order constructs found here also mirrored many of the existing components and traits in HiTOP, as well as indicating some potential areas for revision. Finally, we remapped the disorders included in the Structured Clinical Interview for the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition</i> onto the new framework model. Overall, the results suggest that the structural foundations of the HiTOP model are largely sound. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"908-921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}