Journal of experimental neurology最新文献_第3页

Late Decrease in Cerebral Blood Flow in Bacterial Meningitis: More than a Simple Normalization of Acute Inflammatory Vessel Wall Architecture? 细菌性脑膜炎晚期脑血流减少:不仅仅是急性炎性血管壁结构的简单正常化?

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.074

V. Kumar, Vignarth Shantha Kumar

{"title":"Late Decrease in Cerebral Blood Flow in Bacterial Meningitis: More than a Simple Normalization of Acute Inflammatory Vessel Wall Architecture?","authors":"V. Kumar, Vignarth Shantha Kumar","doi":"10.33696/neurol.4.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.4.074","url":null,"abstract":"Acute bacterial meningitis is a disease with an overwhelmingly high mortality rate and high incidence of adverse neurological sequelae and poor neurological recovery amongst survivors. Amongst the numerous complications of bacterial meningitis, the presence of cerebrovascular disease represents a severe disease form. Vascular involvement during bacterial meningitis has long been established by numerous pathological and angiographic studies. Cerebrovascular changes known to occur in bacterial meningitis ranging from narrowing of large arteries by vasospasm to critical stenosis/obliteration of small to medium sized arteries/arterioles by vasculitis. Not surprisingly, alterations in CBF velocities have commonly been described during the inflammatory process and may represent an important component of brain injury during meningitis. In accordance with previous studies observing a biphasic cerebral flow pattern characterized by an early but transient increase in flow velocity, mostly due to reflexive vasospasm, and later by a sustained decrease in flow velocity, likely attributable to stenotic vasculitis, cerebral ischemia is a notable complication of bacterial meningitis during the advanced disease phase. Impaired cerebral perfusion during the late stages of disease may result from a variety of factors that contribute to a vital component of cerebral injury in bacterial meningitis. The pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia with progression of disease course is less clearly understood but may involve a complex interaction between inflammatory processes, systemic dysfunction, energy impairment, neuronal damage and intracranial pressure, factors of which we aim to more precisely understand and assign a more definite contributory role in the development of cerebrovascular ischemic consequences with advanced stages of bacterial meningitis.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45414280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitors for Treatment of Demyelinating Diseases and Spinal Cord Injury 人类少突胶质细胞祖细胞的产生用于治疗脱髓鞘疾病和脊髓损伤

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.072

T. Hazel, Mike Hefferan, Kateryna Schwartz, N. Yu, K. Johe, Michael Levy

{"title":"Generation of Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitors for Treatment of Demyelinating Diseases and Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"T. Hazel, Mike Hefferan, Kateryna Schwartz, N. Yu, K. Johe, Michael Levy","doi":"10.33696/neurol.4.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.4.072","url":null,"abstract":"Glial cells play a critical role in the development and function of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Among other roles, these cells provide the myelin sheath needed for the efficient propagation of impulses along nerve fibers, provide trophic support for neuronal cells, and remove toxins and excess neurotransmitters from the interstitial space. Transplantation of glial cells or glial progenitors into the diseased or injured CNS can provide therapeutic benefits. However, generation of therapeutically useful quantities of glia, in particular oligodendrocytes, is technically challenging. Furthermore, generation of glial precursors from sources such as embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells poses potential safety risks due to the tumorigenic potential of undifferentiated cells. Here we report a method that enables the efficient generation and expansion of glial precursors from tissue-restricted neural stem cells (NSC). NSC-derived glial precursors can be expanded extensively in culture and retain the capacity to differentiate into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Upon transplantation into different animal models of demyelination a substantial proportion of these cells become oligodendrocytes with the capacity to myelinate host axons. These results demonstrate that tissue-restricted human neural stem cells can serve as an efficient source for myelinating oligodendrocytes with therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41359698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Benefits of Routine Inpatient EEG in Practice: Experience from a Level 4 University Hospital 住院患者常规脑电图在实践中的益处——来自一所四级大学医院的经验

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.071

Isha Snehal, Kanchan Kumari, M. Schissel, Arun Swaminathan

{"title":"Benefits of Routine Inpatient EEG in Practice: Experience from a Level 4 University Hospital","authors":"Isha Snehal, Kanchan Kumari, M. Schissel, Arun Swaminathan","doi":"10.33696/neurol.4.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.4.071","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Routine inpatient EEGs have been part of epilepsy practices for years. We aim to improve current routine EEG practices by studying their role at a large university hospital. Methods: Inpatient routine EEGs from January-July 2021 were included and patients <5 yrs., EEGs repeated on the same patient were excluded. Indications, floor status, abnormality, day of study, neurology consultation, results, treatment changes, discharge status, and prior AED use were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Results: The mean age for 250 patients was 57.27 yrs., where 54.22% were males and 45.78% were females. Indications listed were 26.5% altered mental status, 59.83% seizures, and 13.65% others. 87.36% of ICU patients had abnormal EEG vs 73.75% of floor patients. A significant association (p=0.0147) was found between floor status and EEG results. Abnormalities were 44% generalized slowing, 23.6% focal slowing, 9.2% epileptiform activity, and 23.2% others. Treatment was changed in 21.03% with abnormal vs 5.56% with normal EEG. AEDs were added in 18.46% with abnormal vs 3.7% with normal EEG. A significant association (p=0.014) was found between Neurology consultation and treatment change and with AED addition respectively. EEG result was associated with treatment change and AED addition. “Abnormal EEG” was significantly associated with further study. A significant association (p=0.0351) was found between EEG results and discharge status. 53.82% of patients were not on AED before EEG vs 46.18%. Prior AED had no association with EEG results. Conclusions: It is helpful to consult Neurology. Longer duration of routine EEGs may not show abnormalities. Routine EEG facilitates discharges and guides further workup.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44501060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), the Caudate Nucleus (CN) and the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) role in the Response to Acute and Chronic Methylphenidate 腹侧被盖区(VTA)、伏隔核(NAc)、尾状核(CN)和前额皮质(PFC)参与急性和慢性哌甲酯反应

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.070

Nicholas King, N. Dafny

{"title":"The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), the Caudate Nucleus (CN) and the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) role in the Response to Acute and Chronic Methylphenidate","authors":"Nicholas King, N. Dafny","doi":"10.33696/neurol.4.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.4.070","url":null,"abstract":"Methylphenidate (MPD) is psychostimulant, similar to cocaine and amphetamine, that is commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and is increasingly being abused by healthy subjects for its psychoactive effects such as memory retention cognitive enhancement for young, adult and the elderly and recreation. MPD’s action on the brain reward/motive circuit is still under investigation, however it is known that in animals chronic use of MPD leads to behavioral sensitization, an experimental indicator associated with dependence. To investigate this neural circuit’s role in response to acute and chronic MPD, three different lesions (non-specific, dopaminergic specific, and glutaminergic specific lesions) have been conducted at the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the caudate nucleus (CN), and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), to assess the structure, dopaminergic signaling, and glutaminergic signaling roles in response to MPD. The three types of lesions show that each one of the above four brain areas participate differently in the acute and chronic effect of MPD and have helped determine which type of signaling is critical for the acute and/or chronic behavioral adaptions to MPD.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41621171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cisterna Magna Injection Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): A Systematic Literature Review of Preclinical SAH Research 大池蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）小鼠模型：临床前SAH研究的系统文献综述

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.069

S. Alpdogan, Ke Li, T. Sander, J. Cornelius, S. Muhammad

{"title":"Cisterna Magna Injection Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): A Systematic Literature Review of Preclinical SAH Research","authors":"S. Alpdogan, Ke Li, T. Sander, J. Cornelius, S. Muhammad","doi":"10.33696/neurol.4.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.4.069","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This review article describes the characteristics of published literature using the cisterna magna blood injection mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with the aim to define particular standards and identify moderators of mortality rate, SAH grade, and large artery vasospasm.\u0000\u0000Methods: We searched for English-original peer-reviewed studies which reported the induction of SAH in mice via single or multiple blood injections into the cisterna magna. The search included studies published until 13th February 2023 on PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Furthermore, we investigated the reporting of mortality rate, vasospasms by measuring large arteries, and SAH grade in cisterna magna blood injection mouse model.\u0000\u0000Results: Seven articles out of 136 identified records matched our inclusion criteria and were therefore included in descriptive analysis. Four articles reported the mortality rate which varied between zero and 22 percent. Five articles displayed vasospasms of large cerebral arteries including basilar artery (BA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and middle cerebral artery (MCA). Interestingly, the diameters of the observed arteries started to decrease already within the first hour after blood injection and achieved the lowest values at different times, but mainly between six and twelve hours after SAH induction. The artery diameters reached nearly their pre-SAH (control group) diameters approximately after four to seven days after SAH. However, the SAH severity grade was reported in none of these publications. No uniform model characteristics were observed in current literature.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: A systemic overview of the cisterna magna blood injection mouse model of SAH is presented. An important heterogeneity was observed. Hence, standardized model features and study endpoints have to be defined in order to improve reporting frequency and quality to enhance the reproducibility of preclinical SAH research in the future.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43247760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Current Spinal Cord Injury Animal Models are Too Simplistic for Clinical Translation 目前的脊髓损伤动物模型过于简单，无法进行临床翻译

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.068

Lara Gliksten, P. Yip

引用次数: 0

Muscle and Its Neuromuscular Synapse – Players in the Pathogenesis of Motor Neuron Disease 肌肉及其神经肌肉突触——运动神经元疾病发病机制的参与者

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.067

P. G. Noakes, W. Phillips, R. Jeffree, F. Steyn, E. Wolvetang, R. Henderson, P. Mccombe, S. Ngo

引用次数: 1

Therapeutic Effectiveness of Brain Computer Interfaces in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review. 脑机接口在脑卒中患者中的治疗效果：一项系统综述。

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.4.077

Yordan P Penev, Alice Beneke, Kevin T Root, Emily Meisel, Sean Kwak, Michael J Diaz, Julia L Root, Mohammad R Hosseini, Brandon Lucke-Wold

{"title":"Therapeutic Effectiveness of Brain Computer Interfaces in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Yordan P Penev, Alice Beneke, Kevin T Root, Emily Meisel, Sean Kwak, Michael J Diaz, Julia L Root, Mohammad R Hosseini, Brandon Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.33696/neurol.4.077","DOIUrl":"10.33696/neurol.4.077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a rapidly advancing field which utilizes brain activity to control external devices for a myriad of functions, including the restoration of motor function. Clinically, BCIs have been especially impactful in patients who suffer from stroke-mediated damage. However, due to the rapid advancement in the field, there is a lack of accepted standards of practice. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current literature published regarding the efficacy of BCI-based rehabilitation of motor dysfunction in stroke patients.Methodology: This systematic review was performed in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were queried for relevant articles and screened for inclusion criteria by two authors. All discrepancies were resolved by discussion among both reviewers and subsequent consensus.Results: 11/12 (91.6%) of studies focused on upper extremity outcomes and reported larger initial improvements for participants in the treatment arm (using BCI) as compared to those in the control arm (no BCI). 2/2 studies focused on lower extremity outcomes reported improvements for the treatment arm compared to the control arm.Discussion/conclusion: This systematic review illustrates the utility BCI has for the restoration of upper extremity and lower extremity motor function in stroke patients and supports further investigation of BCI for other clinical indications.","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"4 3","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41156122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Updated Overview of Alzheimer’s Disease 阿尔茨海默病的最新概述

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.3.067

Emmanuel Prikas

引用次数: 1

Commentary: Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide and Its Clinical Utility for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Associated Migraine 降钙素基因相关肽及其在治疗创伤性脑损伤、蛛网膜下腔出血和相关偏头痛中的临床应用

Journal of experimental neurology Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.3.065

Y. Mehkri, Maxwell G. Woolridge, B. Lucke-Wold

{"title":"Commentary: Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide and Its Clinical Utility for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Associated Migraine","authors":"Y. Mehkri, Maxwell G. Woolridge, B. Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.33696/neurol.3.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/neurol.3.065","url":null,"abstract":"Commentary Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator and neurotransmitter that has been extensively studied in the context of migraine pathophysiology. Recently, studies have explored its role in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although a multitude of therapies exist for migraine, there has been little study on the management of migraine following neurologic injury. As the incidence of TBI continues to grow, especially in the United States, it is essential to explore additional therapeutic options such as CGRP inhibition (CGRPi). Given its differential effects in TBI and SAH, an important next step is to see how patients with both TBI and SAH treated with CGRPi respond differently than patients with TBI alone. There is also a need for study in patients with severe TBI who could benefit most from this novel strategy. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid neurotransmitter that has been shown to be involved in cranial and facial pathology. Most commonly, CGRP’s role as a potent vasodilator [1,2] has been associated with migraine [3]. It’s use in the treatment of traumatic brain injury [3–5] and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) [6–9] has recently been explored in the literature. While there have been numerous studies on mice and other animal models describing exogenous CGRP’s therapeutic effects, its limited efficacy in humans due to its low half-life [10] has prevented its advancement to human trials. Migraines","PeriodicalId":73744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental neurology","volume":"3 1","pages":"71 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44417090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0